1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17712:2013Freight containers Mechanical sealsBS ISO 17712:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17712:2013. It supersedes BS ISO 17712:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK committee has voted against approval of this sta
2、ndard due to the limitations of Clause 6, which states that manufacturers shall provide independent auditors and validators to tamper test. The lack of tamper test procedures in the standard would mean that there would not be any consistency in testing or results. Therefore, users cannot meet the ta
3、mper testing requirements of this standard, given the number of manufacturers likely to define and complete their own test procedures which may result in inconsistent results.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TW/1, Freight containers and swap bodies.A list
4、of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Lim
5、ited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 79911 2ICS 55.180.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2013.Amendmentscorrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x
6、 t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 17712:2013 ISO 2013Freight containers Mechanical sealsConteneurs pour le transport de marchandises Scells mcaniquesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17712Second edition2013-05-15Reference numberISO 17712:2013(E)BS ISO 17712:2013ISO 17712:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGH
7、T PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission
8、. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 17712:2013ISO 17
9、712:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 13.1 General terms . 13.2 Terms describing different types of mechanical seals 24 Seal requirements . 44.1 General and environmental . 44.2 Marking . 44.3 Identification m
10、arks . 54.4 Evidence of tampering 55 Testing for seal classification 65.1 General . 65.2 Tensile test 65.3 Shear test 115.4 Bending test 155.5 Impact test . 175.6 Seal classification test report . 196 Evidence of tampering .196.1 General 196.2 Test apparatus 206.3 Test tools . 216.4 Test methods 216
11、.5 Evidence of tampering . 226.6 Test results. 23Annex A (normative) Seal manufacturers security-related practices .24Annex B (normative) Transition time for requirements of amended Clause 6 29Bibliography .30BS ISO 17712:2013ISO 17712:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardi
12、zation) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to b
13、e represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standar
14、ds are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Interna
15、tional Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 17712 was p
16、repared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 104, Freight containers.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17712:2010), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 17712:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17712:2013(E)Freight containers Mechanical seals1 S
17、copeThis International Standard establishes uniform procedures for the classification, acceptance, and withdrawal of mechanical freight container seals. It provides a single source of information on mechanical seals which are acceptable for securing freight containers in international commerce.NOTE
18、The purpose of mechanical seals is, as part of a security system, to determine whether a freight container has been tampered with, i.e. whether there has been unauthorized entry into the container through its doors. Seals can be effective only if seal users properly select, store, account for, apply
19、, document, and attend to seals prior to use and in use; while these issues are not addressed in this International Standard, they are relevant to successful use of the seals covered by this International Standard.Seals that conform to this International Standard are suitable for other applications,
20、 such as bulk railcars or truck trailers used in cross-border and domestic operations. Users and regulatory agencies can apply this International Standard to other applications as they deem appropriate.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in
21、this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO/IEC 15417, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture tech
22、niques Code 128 bar code symbology specificationISO/IEC 17020, Conformity assessment Requirements for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspectionISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of
23、 this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 General terms3.1.1sealmechanical device marked with a unique identifier and usually designed for a single use, which is externally affixed to the container doors and designed to evidence tampering or intrusion through the doors of a conta
24、iner and to secure closed doors of a containerNote 1 to entry: Depending on its design and construction, the seal provides varying degrees of resistance to an intentional or unintentional attempt to open it or to enter the freight container through the container doors.Note 2 to entry: Seals need to
25、be designed and constructed so that tamper attempts create and leave evidence of that tampering.Note 3 to entry: All grades and types of seals require inspection to indicate whether tampering has occurred or entry has been attempted. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17712:2013ISO 17712:2013(E)3.
26、1.2high-security sealseal that is constructed and manufactured of material such as metal or metal cable with the intent to delay intrusionNote 1 to entry: High-security seals can generally be removed with substantial bolt cutters or cable cutters.3.1.3security sealseal that is constructed and manufa
27、ctured of material that provides limited resistance to intrusion and requires lightweight tools for removal3.1.4indicative sealseal that is constructed and manufactured of material that can easily be broken by hand or by using a simple snipping tool or shear3.1.5manufacturercompany or entity that ei
28、ther owns the seal-producing factory or contracts to buy made-to-order seals for resale from a third-party factory3.1.6bar codeautomatic identification technology that encodes information into an array of parallel bars and spaces of varying widths3.1.7defeated sealseal which has been opened or remov
29、ed and replaced or reconstructed without detectable evidence of tampering3.1.8tamperingattempt to open or remove and then replace or reconstruct a seal without leaving detectable evidence of the attempt3.1.9tamper evidencetell-tale indication that an attempt has been made to open or remove and then
30、replace or reconstruct without detectable evidence of that attemptNote 1 to entry: Examples of tamper evidence include a change in the colour of the material, in surface texture, cracks, indentations, or abrasions. Tamper evident indicators are recognizable by normal examination under the usual circ
31、umstances prevailing in practice without technical aids (such as a magnifying glass or microscope).3.1.10indicativenessability to reveal evidence after attempts have been made to tamper with the seal3.2 Terms describing different types of mechanical seals3.2.1wire seallength of wire secured in a loo
32、p by some type of seizing deviceEXAMPLE Wire seals include: crimp wire, fold wire, and cup wire seals.Note 1 to entry: The seizing device can be plastic or metal and its deformation is one indication of tampering.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 17712:2013ISO 17712:2013(E)3.2.2padlock seallockin
33、g body with a bail attachedEXAMPLE Padlock seals include: wire shackle padlock (metal or plastic body), plastic padlock, and keyless padlock seals.Note 1 to entry: The padlock itself is not an integral part of the freight container.3.2.3strap sealmetal or plastic strap secured in a loop by inserting
34、 one end into or through a protected (covered) locking mechanism on the other endNote 1 to entry: The seizing device can be plastic or metal and its deformation is one indication of tampering.3.2.4cable sealcable and a locking mechanismEXAMPLE On a one-piece seal, the locking or seizing mechanism is
35、 permanently attached to one end of the cable. A two-piece cable seal has a separate locking mechanism which slips onto the cable or prefabricated cable end.3.2.5bolt sealmetal rod, threaded or unthreaded, flexible or rigid, with a formed head, secured with a separate locking mechanism3.2.6cinch sea
36、lpull-up sealindicative seal consisting of a thin strip of material, serrated or non-serrated, with a locking mechanism attached to one endNote 1 to entry: The free end is pulled through a hole in the locking mechanism and drawn up to the necessary tightness. Cinch or pull-up type seals can have mul
37、tiple lock positions. These seals are generally made of synthetic materials such as nylon or plastic. They can resemble, but are significantly different from, simple electrical ties.3.2.7twist sealsteel rod or heavy-gauge wire of various diameters, which is inserted through the locking fixture and t
38、wisted around itself by use of a special tool3.2.8scored sealmetal strip which is scored perpendicular to the length of the stripNote 1 to entry: The strip is passed through the locking fixture and bent at the score mark. Removal of the seal requires bending at the score mark, which results in break
39、age of the seal.3.2.9label sealfrangible seal consisting of a paper or plastic backing with adhesiveNote 1 to entry: The combination of backing and adhesive is chosen to cause the seal to tear when removal is attempted.3.2.10barrier sealdesigned to provide a significant barrier to container entryNot
40、e 1 to entry: A barrier seal can enclose a portion of the inner locking rods on a container.Note 2 to entry: Barrier seals can be designed to be reusable. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 17712:2013ISO 17712:2013(E)4 Seal requirements4.1 General and environmental4.1.1 The choice of seal for a sp
41、ecific requirement will depend on many factors. It should be selected after full consideration of the users performance requirements. The first decision is the appropriate seal classification (indicative, security, or high security), followed by a decision on a particular type, make, and model.NOTE
42、Selection of a seal presumes the user has already considered the condition of the item to be sealed; some items, such as open rack containers, are not suitable for any seal on the container itself. A seal is only one element in a security system; any seal will only be as good as the system into whic
43、h it is introduced.In general terms, a low-strength indicative seal should be used where only indication of entry is desired. Where a physical barrier is a definitive requirement, either a security or high-security seal should be used.All seals should be easy to fit correctly on the item to be seale
44、d and, once in situ, be easy to check for positive engagement of the locking mechanism(s). Correct handling and fitting of seals is at least equal if not greater in importance than selection of the correct seal. A poorly chosen but correctly fitted seal may provide security; however, a well-chosen b
45、ut incorrectly fitted seal will provide no security.4.1.2 Security and high-security seals shall be sufficiently durable, strong, and reliable so as to prevent accidental breakage and early deterioration (due to weather conditions, chemical action, vibration, shock, etc.) in normal use.4.1.3 To prec
46、lude the simple removal or loss of a bolt seal by pulling the pin head or locking body through a worn container hasp, the minimum diameter (or minimum widest cross-dimension) for the metal components of a bolt seal shall be 18 mm. This shall be referred to as the “Bolt Seal Diameter Qualification” a
47、nd it is pass/fail. ISO 17712-compliant bolt seals must pass.NOTE The seal users who participated in the Working Group for this International Standard were from the international liner shipping industry. They indicated that field personnel experienced recurring problems with 17 mm seals which could
48、be removed intact by pulling the pin head or locking body through worn container hasps. Those members of the Working Group requested that ISO 17712 require an 18 mm minimum diameter for metal parts of bolt seals.4.1.4 All classes of seals shall be capable of being affixed easily and quickly.4.1.5 Co
49、ntainer seals are typically subjected to the harsh environments of the marine, rail, and road transportation industries. Sand and dust, salt spray, grease, snow, ice, and grime can be expected to coat the seal. Physical shock and vibration are commonly encountered as a result of handling and transport operations. ISO 18185-3, Freight containers Electronic seals Part 3: Environmental characteristics, provides an excellent description of the harsh environment that applies to mechanical seals as well as electronic seals. ISO 18185-3 also provides
