1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18137:2015Leaf springs TechnicalspecificationsBS ISO 18137:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18137:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FME/9/3, Springs.A list of org
2、anizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015
3、ISBN 978 0 580 88621 8ICS 21.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18137:2015
4、 ISO 2015Leaf springs Technical specificationsRessorts lames Spcifications techniquesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18137First edition2015-08-01Reference numberISO 18137:2015(E)BS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandA
5、ll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested
6、from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Nor
7、mative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols 15 Spring types . 26 Technical requirements 76.1 Materials . 76.2 Tolerances of spring dimensions and shapes . 76.2.1 Span . 76.2.2 Assembled spring width 76.2.3 Spring end width . 86.2.4 Eye inner diameter and bush inner diameter . 86.2.5 Flan
8、k bending . 86.2.6 Perpendicularity and parallelism of the spring eye. 96.3 Requirements for characteristic . 106.3.1 Spring rate 106.3.2 Design camber 106.3.3 Fatigue . 106.4 Requirements for manufacturing 106.4.1 Hardness 106.4.2 Decarburization .106.4.3 Shot peening .106.4.4 Presetting 116.4.5 Lu
9、bricant and surface protection .116.4.6 Surface conditions .117 Designation .11Annex A (informative) Test methods of leaf springs .12 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federat
10、ion of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committe
11、e. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and th
12、ose intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
13、(see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the do
14、cument will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms an
15、d expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 227, Springs.iv ISO 2015 All rig
16、hts reservedBS ISO 18137:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18137:2015(E)Leaf springs Technical specifications1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the technical specifications for leaf springs.This International Standard is applicable to leaf springs for road vehicle (hereinafter simply “springs
17、”). The leaf springs for other vehicle may refer to this International Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
18、For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 683-14, Heat-treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 14: Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springsISO 3887, Steels Determination of depth of decarburizationISO 6
19、506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test methodISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test methodISO 16249, Springs SymbolsISO 18265, Metallic materials Conversion of hardness valuesISO 26909, Springs VocabularyISO 26910-1, Springs Shot peening Part 1: Gene
20、ral procedures3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 26909 and Table 1 apply.4 SymbolsFor the purposes of this document, the symbols and units given in ISO 16249 and Table 1 apply.Table 1 Terms, symbols and unitsTerm Symbol Unit MeaningSpring
21、 end width bAmm Width of the spring eye or sliding end.Assembled spring widthbEmm Width of the assembly in the range of U-clamping.Camber C mmPerpendicular distance from the surface where tensile stress is generated in use, of the uppermost leaf at the centre pin or the centre bolt, to the straight
22、line connecting the centers of both eyes or connecting the load-supporting points of the spring.Free camber C0mm Camber when free or at zero load.Design camber Cdmm Camber under design (nominal) load. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)Term Symbol Unit MeaningEye inner d
23、iameter dAmm Inner diameter of the spring eye.Eye bush inner diam-eterdimm Inner diameter of the spring eye bush.Load F N Total spring force.Design load FdN Design (nominal) load of the spring.Maximum test load Fmax.tN Maximum test force of the spring.Height H mm The overall height of the spring.Fre
24、e height H0mm Height when free or at zero load.Design height Hdmm Height under design (nominal) load.Span l mm Distance between the load-supporting points of the spring.Free Span l0mm Span when free or at zero load.Fixed half span lAmm Length of the span between the fixed end and the centre.Straight
25、 span lSTmmLength of the span between the load-supporting points of the spring when the first leaf is straight.Fixed half straight spanlST,AmmLength of the span between the fixed end and the centre when the first leaf is straight.Spring rate R N/mm Force required to deflect the spring by one unit of
26、 deflection.Deflection s mmChange of the vertical position of the centre pin or the centre bolt against the line connecting the centers of both eyes or connecting both load-supporting points of the spring.Design deflection sdmm The deflection under the design load.Maximum test deflec-tionsmax,tmm Th
27、e deflection under the maximum test load.Flank bending mm Side bending deformation of the leaf.5 Spring typesThe most common spring types are shown in the following.Table 1 (continued)2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)FFEASTST,AdAllllbABFCHKeybAspring end width F total
28、spring loadbEassembled spring width FA, FBloads at eye A or eye BC camber l spandAeye inner diameter lAfixed half spandieye bush inner diameter lSTstraight spanH height lST, Afixed half straight spanFigure 1 Multi-leaf spring with eyes ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)
29、Alla) Multi-leaf parabolic spring with eyesKeyl spanlAfixed half spanAllb) Single leaf parabolic spring with eyesKeyl spanlAfixed half spanFigure 2 Parabolic spring with eyesKeyl spanlAfixed half spanFigure 3 Multi-leaf spring with one eye and one sliding end4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 1813
30、7:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)Keyl spanlAfixed half spanFigure 4 Parabolic spring with one eye and one sliding endKeyl spanFigure 5 Multi-leaf spring with sliding endsKeyl spanFigure 6 Parabolic spring with sliding ends ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)Keyl spanlAfixed half s
31、panFigure 7 Two-stage progressive multi-leaf spring with helper springKeyl spanlAfixed half spanFigure 8 Two-stage progressive parabolic spring with helper springllAKeyl spanlAfixed half spanFigure 9 Two-stage rate parabolic spring with auxiliary spring6 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18137:2015
32、ISO 18137:2015(E)llAKeyl spanlAfixed half spanFigure 10 Progressive (rate) spring6 Technical requirements6.1 MaterialsUnless otherwise agreed by the purchaser and the supplier, the springs should be made from the hot rolled spring flat bar conforming to ISO 683-14.6.2 Tolerances of spring dimensions
33、 and shapes6.2.1 SpanThe tolerances of the straight span and the fixed half straight span should be in accordance with Table 2.Table 2 Tolerances of spanDimensions in millimetresStraight span, lSTFixed half straight span, lST,ARangeTolerancesRangeTolerancesType 1 Type 2 Type 1 Type 2lST 1 200 3,0 3,
34、5 lST,A 600 1,5 2,01 200 2 000 4,0 6,5 lST,A 1 000 2,0 3,5The type of the spring should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.6.2.2 Assembled spring widthThe tolerances of the assembly spring width should be in accordance with Table 3, the tolerances of the width of the machined part shou
35、ld be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. (For test methods, see A.2.) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)Table 3 Tolerances of the assembly spring widthDimensions in millimetresAssembly spring width, bETolerancesbE 75+2,5-0,875 125+4,0-0,86.2.3 Spring end wid
36、thThe tolerances of the spring eye width should be in accordance with Table 4. (For test methods, see A.3.)Table 4 Tolerances of the spring eye widthDimensions in millimetresSpring eye width, bATolerancesMachined050,Unmachined 1,5The tolerances of the spring sliding end width should be agreed betwee
37、n the purchaser and the supplier.6.2.4 Eye inner diameter and bush inner diameterThe tolerances of the inner diameter of the unmachined eye should be in accordance with Table 5. The tolerances of the machined eye inner diameter should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. (For test metho
38、ds, see A.1.)Table 5 Tolerances of the eye inner diameterDimensions in millimetresEye inner diameter, dETolerancesdE 25 0,525 40 0,7The tolerances of the bush inner diameter should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.6.2.5 Flank bendingThe tolerances of the flank bending of each leaf th
39、at installed into the bracket should not exceed 2,0 mm/1 m, and the others should not exceed 3,0 mm/1 m, see Figure 11.8 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)bKey flank bendingb width of the leafFigure 11 Flank bending6.2.6 Perpendicularity and parallelism of the spring eyeT
40、he tolerances of the perpendicularity and parallelism of the spring eye should not exceed 1 % bA, whenever other tolerances are specified (for example when a spring is supplied with a bushing); it should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. The measuring baseline is as shown in Figure 1
41、2. (For test methods, see A.4.)KeybAspring end width l spane1tolerance of the perpendicularity of the spring eye lAfixed half spane2tolerance of the parallelism of the spring eyeFigure 12 The tolerances of the perpendicularity and parallelism of the spring eye ISO 2015 All rights reserved 9BS ISO 18
42、137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)6.3 Requirements for characteristic6.3.1 Spring rateThe tolerances of the spring rate should be in accordance with Table 6. Whenever other tolerances are specified, it should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. (For test methods, see A.8.)Table 6 Tolerances of
43、the spring rateType Type 1 Type 2Parabolic springs 6 % 10 %Other leaf springs 8 % 10 %The type of the spring should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.6.3.2 Design camberThe tolerances of the design camber should be in accordance with Table 7. Whenever other tolerances are specified, i
44、t should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. (For test methods, see A.9.)Table 7 Tolerances of the design camberDimensions in millimetresType Type 1 Type 2Tolerances 3,0 7,0The type of the spring should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.6.3.3 FatigueThe requirement of fa
45、tigue life should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. (For test methods, see A.10.)6.4 Requirements for manufacturing6.4.1 HardnessUnless otherwise agreed by the purchaser and the supplier, the hardness of springs after heat treatment should be specified according to the application co
46、ndition, material and dimension. The guidance values for tensile strength and hardness for quenched and tempered springs and test pieces should be according to the values given in ISO 683-14 and ISO 18265. Whenever the hardness range is specified, it should be less than 82 HBW. (For test methods, se
47、e A.5.)6.4.2 DecarburizationNo harmful decarburization is allowed on the tension side surface of the springs, and the depth of decarburization of the springs shall be minimized. The depth of decarburization of the spring surface should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier, based on the s
48、pring application and the nature of the spring material. (For test methods, see A.6.)6.4.3 Shot peeningWhenever shot peening is required, the leaves should be shot peened after the heat treatment and before the assembly and coating, the process should be determined according to ISO 26910-1. The inte
49、nsity and the coverage of shot peening should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.10 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18137:2015ISO 18137:2015(E)6.4.4 PresettingUnless otherwise agreed by the purchaser and the supplier, the springs should be preset. The presetting conditions should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.6.4.5 Lubricant and surface protectionWhenever lubricating is required, the contact surface of the lea
