1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18163:2016Clothing Digital fittings Vocabulary and terminologyused for the virtual garmentBS ISO 18163:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18163:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techn
2、icalCommittee TCI/66/-/3, Clothing sizing systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Sta
3、ndards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 79593 0ICS 61.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2016.Amendmen
4、ts/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 18163:2016 ISO 2016Clothing Digital fittings Vocabulary and terminology used for the virtual garmentHabillement Essayage virtuel Vocabulaire et terminologie utiliss pour les vtements virtuelsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18163First
5、edition2016-04-15Reference numberISO 18163:2016(E)BS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in an
6、y form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Bland
7、onnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 1Annex A (informative) Example of notation of virtual garment information 8Annex B (in
8、formative) Example of data structure of virtual garment models 9Bibliography .15 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).
9、 The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
10、governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are describe
11、d in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to th
12、e possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO
13、list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as we
14、ll as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 133, Clothing sizing systems Size designation, size measurement methods and digital f
15、ittings.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)IntroductionThis International Standard deals with virtual garments for digital fitting.Various types of virtual garment-based IT/fashion convergence technology are being attempted today, in response to the rapid development of
16、 the vast online fashion market, including the internet, smart phones, smart TVs, and virtual fittings at bricks-and-mortar stores. Meanwhile, the increased demand for ubiquitous fashion business services is encouraging efforts to innovate with regard to the traditional processes of planning, produc
17、tion and sales. The use of digital technology in the modern international apparel industry is leading to the use of three-dimensional information for fashion products. These products reflect appearance, design and texture characteristics of garments. It is envisaged that consumers will be able to go
18、 online anytime, anywhere, to try on clothes, evaluate the style and fit and place orders. Despite such advances, there is no International Standard related to virtual garments.The purpose of this International Standard is to specify the data attributes and formats required for the creation of virtu
19、al garments, facilitating clear and synchronized communication of terminology.This International Standard provides a platform that unifies specified vocabulary and terminology for the development of virtual garment systems. In addition, online consumers, fashion designers, manufacturers and retailer
20、s will be able to become familiar with and make use of this vocabulary.NOTE Measurements of the body and garments are in millimetres (mm). Upward direction corresponds to the +y-axis (height), a leftward direction to the +x-axis (width), and a forward direction to the +z-axis (depth). The origin of
21、body and garment is X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0 in local coordinates; the common import/export formats for body and garment is dxf format. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18163:2016BS ISO 18163:2016Clothing Digital fittings Vocabulary and terminology used for the virtual garment1 ScopeThis Internationa
22、l Standard defines the terms that are commonly used for the digital fitting system. The digital fitting system includes virtual fabric, virtual fabric properties, virtual garment pattern, virtual garment pattern properties, virtual sewing line, virtual garment, and virtual garment simulation of a vi
23、rtual garment on a virtual human body model for fit assessment.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1 General terms2.1.1 Virtual fabric2.1.1.1virtual fabric attributevirtual fabric attribute characteristic of virtual fabricEXAMPLE Tens
24、ile modulus, bending rigidity, shear resistance, thickness, weight.Note 1 to entry: Refer to ISO 5084, ISO 13934-2, ISO 14087, and ISO 14273.Note 2 to entry: It can be retrieved from library or imported.2.1.2virtual garment patternshapes consisting of closed curves that mark the area of a digitized
25、pattern to be used on the virtual garment (2.1.3)Note 1 to entry: The example of a virtual garment pattern is shown in Figure 1.2.1.2.1virtual garment pattern propertiespattern consisting of contours and multiple internal lines (2.2.1.3), which are used to express seams, internal openings, fold line
26、s and other garment characteristicsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18163:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)Figure 1 Example of virtual garment pattern (jacket)2.1.2.2virtual sewing linevirtual line segment used to assemble patternsNote 1 to entry: An example of virtu
27、al sewing is shown in Figure 2.Note 2 to entry: For each pair of patterns to be sewn together, a pair of virtual sewing line segments is defined. The pattern pieces are then arranged in a space and the points (2.2.1.1) on each pair of line segments are pulled together through physical simulation. Th
28、is process is repeated to join the pieces and create a virtual garment (2.1.3).Figure 2 Virtual sewing2.1.3virtual garmentthree-dimensional clothing in digital form that exists in virtual spaceNote 1 to entry: An example of a virtual garment is shown in Figure 3. An example of notation of virtual ga
29、rment information is shown in Annex A. An example of data structure of virtual garment model is shown in Annex B.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)Figure 3 Example of virtual garments2.1.4virtual garment simulationcreation and drape simulation of a virtual garment (2.1.
30、3) for a virtual human body using a virtual garment pattern (2.1.2), virtual sewing and bounding volumeNote 1 to entry: An example of clothing simulation is shown in Figure 4.Figure 4 Garment simulation2.1.5digital fittingqualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of overall and/or specific simulati
31、on of garment fit through the analysis of the garment balance, gap between body and garment (which includes cross sections), heat map, surface wrinkles, etc.Note 1 to entry: Digital fitting may be used for many different areas of application of virtual garments (2.1.3), such as product development,
32、marketing, etc. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)Figure 5 Digital fittingFigure 6 Example of visualization of gap using pattern strain using colour scale4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)2.1.5.1garment balancestatus of garment that hangs i
33、n the correct relationship with the virtual human bodys size, contour and postureNote 1 to entry: The balance of a garment is usually determined by the hemline being parallel to the ground unless the hemline is asymmetrical. The balance is correct when the centre back, centre front lines and side se
34、ams are perpendicular to the ground.2.1.5.2pattern strainamount of deformation caused on a garment pattern in the drape simulation processNote 1 to entry: Pattern strain can be visualized in different ways. For example, pattern strain can be visualized through a surface colour map where the colour i
35、s darker as the strain increases and vice versa. White indicates zero strain.2.1.5.3gapdistance between a point (2.2.1.1) on a virtual garment (2.1.3) and the virtual human bodyNote 1 to entry: Gap can be expressed through horizontal or vertical slices indicating the relationship between body and ga
36、rment, or through the distance between a point on a virtual garment and the virtual human body, etc. Gap can be visualized as colour (heat) map. Colour becomes darker as the gap increases and vice versa. The colour scale can vary according to the type of software.123123Key1 tight2 appropriate3 loose
37、Figure 7 Example of visualization of gap using colour scale ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)2.2 Terms relating to basic composition and attributes2.2.1 Composition of virtual garment pattern (refer to Annex A and Annex B)2.2.1.1pointpoint on a virtual garment pattern
38、(2.1.2) indicating the notch point, sewing point, button, button position and grade point2.2.1.2outlineclosed loop of lines necessary to form the contour of a pattern piece2.2.1.3internal linelines that are not part of the outline (2.2.1.2)2.2.2 Attributes of virtual garment patterns2.2.2.1layer ord
39、ersequence of layers of a virtual garment pattern (2.1.2) from the body in a multi-layered virtual garment (2.1.3)Note 1 to entry: Lower layer numbers are simulated closer to the body, and it is impossible to wear identical layer numbers simultaneously.2.2.2.2layer structuredifferent structural laye
40、rs in one item of clothing, such as lining or interfacing inside a jacket2.2.2.3sewing ordersequence in which virtual sewing takes place2.2.2.4mechanical propertyproperty of a virtual fabric in drape simulation that differs from properties of a real fabricNote 1 to entry: A virtual fabric uses a clo
41、th physics model to simulate the physical properties of a material which may include tensile modulus, bending rigidity, shear resistance, etc. in warp and weft (refer to ISO 5084, ISO 13934-2, ISO 14087 and ISO 14273).Note 2 to entry: There are several methods for representing mechanical properties
42、of virtual fabric, such as orderly structure of particles with concentrated mass, rod-based model for knitted fabrics, etc.2.2.2.5surface appearancetexture maps and texture functions of light scattering from image-based models or procedural models for rendering the appearance of different materials
43、in different lighting conditionsNote 1 to entry: For the texture mapping, texture image used for the visualization of textile design or additional surface characteristics, such as trimmings, buttons, zippers, etc. An example of a texture mapping is shown in Figure 8.Note 2 to entry: More sophisticat
44、ed surface features such as fine wrinkles, woven structures and fur can be expressed by combining other types of texture maps.6 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)Figure 8 Examples of virtual garment texture mapping2.2.3mesh structure of virtual garment patternsareas of th
45、e virtual garment pattern (2.1.2) divided into polygonal elements as the basic element for physical calculation during clothing simulation2.2.4spatial arrangement of virtual garment patternsinformation on location of pattern on a bounding volume surface that surrounds certain body segmentsNote 1 to
46、entry: An example of a spatial arrangement of a virtual garment pattern (2.1.2) is shown in Figure 9.Note 2 to entry: For example, a sleeve pattern is wrapped around the bounding volume of the arm, and a slacks pattern is wrapped around the bounding volume of the legs.Figure 9 Example of arrangement
47、 of virtual garment patterns2.3 Terms relating to optional composition and attributes2.3.1grading rulemethod to increase or decrease the virtual garment pattern (2.1.2) size from the control points with size intervals based on changes of the human body dimensionsNote 1 to entry: Refer to ISO 8559. I
48、SO 2016 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 18163:2016ISO 18163:2016(E)Annex A (informative) Example of notation of virtual garment informationVirtual garment information is divided into meta information, apparel product data, simulation data and fitting information. See Table A.1 for an example of an infor
49、mation table.Table A.1 Example of virtual garment informationClass ContentsMeta informationNameType (shirt, blouse, skirt, pants, jacket, vest, designer, colour)Apparel product data2D Pattern3D trimPhysical properties (e.g. cloth mechanical properties)Surface appearance (e.g. texture maps, displacement maps, yarn level modes)Simulation dataSpatial arrangement Name of bounding volume Relative position on bounding volumeSewingList of segment pairs to be sewn togetherSewing orderLayersFitting informationDi
