1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58ICS 55.180.10Freight containers Electronic seals Part 2: Application requirementsBRITISH STANDARDBS
2、 ISO 18185-2:2007BS ISO 18185-2:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 June 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50863 9Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct applicatio
3、n.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 18185-2:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TW/1, Freight containers and sw
4、ap bodies.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a Reference numberISO 18185-2:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18185-2First edition2007-04-15Freight containers Ele
5、ctronic seals Part 2: Application requirements Conteneurs pour le transport de marchandises Scells lectroniques Partie 2: Exigences dapplications BS ISO 18185-2:2007ii iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO mem
6、ber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmen
7、tal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Direc
8、tives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodi
9、es casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18185-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 104, Freight containers, Su
10、bcommittee SC 4, Identification and communication. ISO 18185 consists of the following parts, under the general title Freight containers Electronic seals: Part 1: Communication protocol Part 2: Application requirements Part 3: Environmental characteristics Part 4: Data protection Part 5: Physical la
11、yer BS ISO 18185-2:2007iv Introduction This part of ISO 18185 was prepared by ISO Technical Committee 104/Subcommittee 4/Working Group 2, using the drafting conventions of ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. This part of ISO 18185 provides a system for the identification and presentation of information abou
12、t freight container electronic seals. The identification system provides an unambiguous unique identification of the container seal and its status. The presentation of this information is provided through a radio-communications interface providing seal identification and a method to determine whethe
13、r a freight containers seal has been opened. BS ISO 18185-2:20071Freight containers Electronic seals Part 2: Application requirements 1 Scope This part of ISO 18185 specifies a freight container seal identification system, with an associated system for verifying the accuracy of use, having: a seal s
14、tatus identification system; a battery status indicator; a unique seal identifier including the identification of the manufacturer; a seal (tag) type. This part of ISO 18185 is used in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 18185. It applies to all electronic seals used on freight containers covere
15、d by ISO 668, ISO 1496-1 to ISO 1496-5, and ISO 8323. Wherever appropriate and practicable, it also applies to freight containers other than those covered by these International Standards. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this documen
16、t. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats Information interchange Representation of dates and times ISO/TS 14816, Road transport an
17、d traffic telematics Automatic vehicle and equipment identification Numbering and data structure ISO 17712, Freight containers Mechanical seals ISO 18185-1, Freight containers Electronic seals Part 1: Communication protocol ISO 18185-3, Freight containers Electronic seals Part 3: Environmental chara
18、cteristics ISO 18185-5, Freight containers Electronic seals Part 5: Sensor interface ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic iden
19、tification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID) BS ISO 18185-2:20072 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3, ISO 17712 and the following apply. 3.
20、1 electronic seal e-seal read-only, non-reusable freight container seal conforming to the high security seal defined in ISO 17712 that electronically evidences tampering or intrusion through the container doors NOTE The electronic seal is read-only in all aspects except being able to electronically
21、record date and time of sealing (as described in 4.2), and date and time of opening (as described in 4.3). 3.2 seal identification seal ID unique identification of each manufactured seal incorporating serial number (i.e. tag ID) and manufacturer ID, the combination of which is called seal ID 3.3 int
22、errogator identification interrogator ID code used to identify the source address during every communication session originated by the interrogator 3.4 localization capability in any operational scenario to associate an e-seal to the container on to which it is affixed 4 Seal application requirement
23、s The seal shall be uniquely identified by the tag manufacturer ID and the tag ID (serial number) combination. This combination shall be called seal ID and shall be used in all point-to-point communication to uniquely identify a source (seal to interrogator) and destination address (interrogator to
24、seal). 4.1 Data description Unique identification of each manufactured seal tag incorporating all necessary information such as seal tag ID, manufacturer ID and seal tag type includes: Seal ID: This is permanently programmed into the seal during manufacturing and cannot be modified. Seal tag ID: Thi
25、s is the ID field (serial number) for the seal. The seal number is assigned by the user or the manufacturer and is programmed by the manufacturer. Also, the ID shall be marked on the exterior (casing) of the seal. Until the seal is closed and sealed, it will not respond. Seal tag type: The manufactu
26、rer is responsible for determination of seal tag type, in compliance with the high security seal requirements in ISO 17712, and programming (see also 4.7). Also, the seal tag type shall be permanently programmed into the seal and marked on the exterior (casing) of the seal. Reading of the seal tag t
27、ype shall be remotely possible under the same conditions and parameters as reading of the seal ID. Battery life: The battery in the seal shall have a minimum life sufficient to remain in inventory for a period of two years, followed by a trip of up to 60 days duration. The seal shall provide an indi
28、cation of whether there is sufficient battery power to last for a trip of duration of 60 days with a minimum of 1000 interrogations per trip. Additionally, the manufacturer shall, according to users specifications, provide for the visual identification of the seals “use by date” (represented in nume
29、ric ISO format, as defined in ISO 8601). BS ISO 18185-2:20073 The seal status bit: This is the status bit that indicates the seal having been opened or sealed. The seal tag manufacturer ID: This is the manufacturer identification of the tag. This identification shall be assigned in accordance with I
30、SO/TS 14816. The seal tag manufacturer ID of the seal is programmed by the RF Component Manufacturer. 4.2 Date and time of sealing The seal shall give indication of the date and time when it was sealed in the format CCYYMMDDHHMM (UTC), as defined in ISO 8601. The accuracy of the time compared to act
31、ual UTC shall be no worse than 5 seconds per day, as defined in ISO 18185-1. 4.3 Date and time of opening The seal shall give indication of the date and time when it was opened in the format CCYYMMDDHHMM (UTC), as defined in ISO 8601. The accuracy of the time compared to actual UTC shall be no worse
32、 than 5 seconds per day, as defined in ISO 18185-1. 4.4 RF regulations The device shall work according to the local radio regulations and ISO 18185-5. 4.5 Reading devices The seals shall have the ability to be interrogated by an international standards based reading device. 4.6 Environmental charact
33、eristics The seals shall perform reliably in operating environments as defined in ISO 18185-3. 4.7 Mechanical characteristics The seals shall have minimum mechanical characteristics in accordance with the high security provisions of ISO 17712. 4.8 Reading reliability and accuracy The reliability and
34、 accuracy of reading the seals shall in any operational scenario be no less than 99,99% and 99,998% respectively. 4.9 Localization and seal verification scenarios Performance requirements for electronic seals will be presented in the context of seal verification scenarios. Each scenario will motivat
35、e technical requirements such as read ranges, travel speeds and others. Container terminals, container stuffing locations, border crossings and other facilities are expected to utilize combinations of the described scenarios based on their specific local needs. All scenarios are assumed to share a c
36、ommon three-step process for seal verification: 1) Determination of the containers identity; 2) Determination of identity, type and status of the electronic seal on that container; 3) Determination whether the seal on that container is the correct seal. BS ISO 18185-2:20074 Steps 1 and 3 describe fu
37、nctions that are outside of the scope of this International Standard. Regarding step 2, current technology does not support localization in all the below described scenarios. In situations where localization is not possible, a reading confirming that the e-seals have not been tampered with or are mi
38、ssing shall be sufficient. If the reading detects that one or more seals have been tampered with or are missing, those e-seals and the containers on which they are affixed will be subject to exception management as established by the user of the technology. 4.9.1 Container handling and moving equipm
39、ent scenarios This set of scenarios deals with electronic seal verification while containers are being handled. Handling equipment covered by this scenario includes top loaders, side loaders, reach stackers, straddle carriers (collectively known as “mobile equipment”), as well as rubber-tired gantry
40、 cranes (RTG), rail-mounted gantry cranes (RMGC) and quay cranes. The minimum container travel speed for seal verification for all container handling scenarios is 0 km/h (0 mph). Upcoming generations of quay cranes are anticipated to move containers at speeds of up to 12 m/s. The maximum container t
41、ravel speed while seal verification takes place is consequently defined as 12 m/s (44 km/h, 27 mph). Automatic identification devices and/or antennas may be mounted on spreaders on both mobile equipment and cranes. However, in those situations where such devices, instead of being mounted on spreader
42、s, are mounted on the equipment itself, the read distance requirements will differ between mobile equipment and cranes. These latter scenarios are described in more detail in 4.9.1.2 and 4.9.1.3. 4.9.1.1 With spreader-mounted devices Where feasible, automatic identification devices or antennas may b
43、e mounted on spreaders (or other components that directly connect to the container) and must be sufficiently fabricated and/or installed for appropriate levels of water resistance and ongoing shock and vibration. 4.9.1.2 Without spreader-mounted devices Cranes On quay cranes or gantry cranes, where
44、the mounting of automatic identification devices or antennas on spreaders (or other components that directly connect to the container) is not feasible or deemed undesirable, the devices may instead be mounted on the crane legs. In these situations, the system level coverage will depend on user requi
45、rements and shall be capable of a minimum of 35 m (115 ft). 4.9.1.3 Without spreader-mounted devices Mobile equipment In the case of mobile equipment, where the mounting of automatic identification devices or antennas on spreaders (or other components that directly connect to the container) is not f
46、easible or deemed undesirable, the devices may instead be mounted on the equipment itself. In these situations, the system level coverage will depend on user requirements and shall be capable of a minimum of 10 m (33 ft). 4.9.1.4 Moves with multiple containers simultaneously Container handling equip
47、ment that moves single 40-ft containers or two 20-ft containers is often capable of moving more than one 40-ft or two 20-ft containers simultaneously. Any combination of container orientations is possible (e.g., doors left, right, both doors out or butted together). Such multiple container moves are
48、 defined as having the same minimum and maximum speeds as discussed in 4.9.1. Read distances would be dependent upon whether the container handling equipment has spreader mounted devices or not as discussed in 4.9.1.1, 4.9.1.2 and 4.9.1.3. 4.9.2 Restricted lane scenarios This set of scenarios deals
49、with electronic seal verification while containers travel in restricted lanes. Containers could be pulled by road or yard trucks or travel on rail cars. Some kind of physical restriction assures movement in only one direction (e.g. forwards/backwards but not sideways) within a confined or defined space (e.g. lane or rail track). BS ISO 18185-2:200754.9.2.1 Single-lane gates or portals This scenario covers all situations where container traffic is reduced to a
