1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18197:2015Space systems Space basedservices requirements forcentimetre class positioningBS ISO 18197:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18197:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technic
2、alCommittee ACE/68/-/1, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British
3、Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84494 2ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2015.Amen
4、dments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18197:2015 ISO 2015Space systems Space based services requirements for centimetre class positioningSystmes spatiaux Exigences de services fonds sur lespace pour le positionnement de la classe centimtreINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18197Fi
5、rst edition2015-05-01Reference numberISO 18197:2015(E)BS ISO 18197:2015ISO 18197:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means
6、, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20T
7、el. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 18197:2015ISO 18197:2015(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Abbreviated terms 25 Positioning augmentation system overview 25.1 System
8、 configuration . 25.2 Classification of augmentation satellites 35.3 Positioning augmentation centres . 45.3.1 Functions and conditions of the positioning augmentation centres 45.3.2 Message structure . 45.3.3 User operational support service 55.4 Operation . 55.4.1 Simultaneous operation 55.4.2 Var
9、ious fields of application . 56 Requirements for positioning augmentation system 56.1 Requirements for augmentation satellites 56.2 Requirements for augmentation satellites control stations 66.3 Requirements for ground reference points 66.4 Requirements for positioning augmentation centres . 86.4.1
10、Requirements for some parameters . 86.4.2 Requirements for augmentation information 86.5 Requirements for user terminals 86.5.1 Requirements for input parameters . 96.5.2 Requirements for the user terminal pre-processing 96.5.3 Requirements for user terminal output 116.6 Requirement for processing .
11、 116.6.1 Requirement for mathematical models 116.6.2 Requirement for physical constants 127 Requirements for verification and evaluation .127.1 Evaluation plan 137.1.1 Evaluation procedure137.1.2 Evaluation items 137.1.3 Data 137.1.4 Evaluation matters 137.1.5 Time of verification 137.2 Verification
12、 conditions 147.2.1 Period . 147.2.2 Place . 147.2.3 Satellites . 147.2.4 Reference points 147.2.5 Augmentation data 157.2.6 Positioning objects 157.3 Evaluation criteria . 157.3.1 Accuracy and convergence of augmentation data157.3.2 Accuracy and convergence of positioning results 157.4 Verification
13、 methods . 157.4.1 Estimation process 157.4.2 Verification method 167.4.3 Research for the cause of malfunction .17 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18197:2015ISO 18197:2015(E)Annex A (informative) Verification calculation of bias .18Annex B (informative) Verification calculation
14、of device specification 19Annex C (informative) Verification calculation of dependence on place or time 20Annex D (informative) Orbit constellation for augmentation satellites .21Annex E (informative) Ground track and antenna coverage of augmentation satellite .23Annex F (informative) Data volume an
15、d transmission rate of augmentation data .27Annex G (informative) Applications required for centimetre accuracy positioning .29Bibliography .31iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18197:2015ISO 18197:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation o
16、f national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. In
17、ternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those i
18、ntended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see
19、www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the documen
20、t will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and exp
21、ressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicle, Subc
22、ommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18197:2015ISO 18197:2015(E)IntroductionNowadays, applications such as civil engineering, automatic farming, traffic control, and disaster monitoring system need centimetre class positioning. This centimetre class posi
23、tioning is deeply concerned with various fields of our daily life.Especially the positioning system of applications for the construction and civil engineering, surveying and mapping, and water level measuring for river or ocean, requires certifying the reliability of positioning system. Also, the ca
24、se of automatic vehicle driving, ship control, and snowplow on the road demands the centimetre class positioning capability which is available in real-time and over wide area.This International Standard intends to standardize the system requirements and verification criteria for centimetre class pos
25、itioning over a wide area by broadcasting augmentation data through satellites, in order that we can enhance the availability of related applications and improve our daily life.The services broadcasting augmentation data through satellite or satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS), such as WAAS,
26、EGNOS, and MSAS, are currently in operation for aviation. This SBAS claims the positioning accuracy of meter level and focuses on high integrity. Also, the SBAS is mainly operated by a state agency for the sake of human life and internationality of aviation.On the other hand, the services in this In
27、ternational Standard such as precise point positioning (PPP) require the positioning accuracy at centimetre level. There are now a number of providers supplying different sets of PPP corrections. At the same time, this PPP covers different markets such as civil engineering, automatic farming, and au
28、tomatic driving. PPP began to outpace SBAS for some applications requiring higher precision. Therefore, it is inevitably essential to ensure and certify the reliability of the PPP system.As stated above, from the viewpoint of benefit, it is clear that PPP services continue to evolve and become more
29、and more sophisticated to match the growing complexity of customer applications.7On the other hand, in view of rationale, there have been some great strides in overcoming the convergence time challenge and there are currently some successful real-time PPP applications both academic and commercial.8T
30、he objective of this International Standard is to establish the space based services by broadcasting the augmentation data for centimetre class positioning over wide area. Also, this International Standard defines the requirements for verification and evaluation of the guarantee of quality of the se
31、rvices, and therefore, this International Standard plays a role of the recognition for the certification of these services as well.vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18197:2015Space systems Space based services requirements for centimetre class positioning1 ScopeThis International Standard define
32、s the requirements for the wide area centimetre class positioning system by broadcasting augmentation data through satellites as follows. Centimetre class positioningAccording to the progress of requirements for positioning services such as automatic farming, mapping and others, centimetre class pos
33、itioning is very useful. Wide area positioningIt is quite effective to broadcast augmentation data through satellites for users over wide area such as a square, more than 1,000 km each side, anytime and anywhere. Even if this area is short of data network, additional ground network facilities are no
34、t needed. In addition, as ranging signal and augmentation data can be received from satellite broadcasting at the same time, it is unnecessary for user terminals to receive the signal such as transmitted by ground network. Real-time propertyThe user terminals need to resolve the ambiguity in real-ti
35、me, using augmentation data broadcast from satellites or other means, for the realization of centimetre class positioning. On the other hand, the provider sides have to broadcast augmentation data such that the terminal sides are able to resolve the ambiguity in real-time.2 Normative referencesNo no
36、rmative references cited in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1fixingdetermining the integer number of carrier phase waves when calculating the position by use of carrier phase measurementNote 1 to entry: This should b
37、e distinguished from the case of determining the desired value by convergence of continuous quantities when calculating the position by use of pseudorange measurement.3.2sustainabilitymeasurement anomaly at some reference point should make no influence on the augmentation data generationINTERNATIONA
38、L STANDARD ISO 18197:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18197:2015ISO 18197:2015(E)4 Abbreviated termsBDS BeiDou Navigation Satellite SystemCEP Circular Error ProbableDOP Dilution of PrecisionECEF Earth-Centred Earth-FixedECI Earth-Centred InertialGEO Geostationary Earth OrbitGLONASS Globa
39、l Navigation Satellite SystemGNSS Global Navigation Satellite SystemGPS Global Positioning SystemIGSO Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite OrbitIOD Issue Of DataIRNSS Indian Regional Navigational Satellite SystemITRF International Terrestrial Reference FrameITS Intelligent Transportation SystemLEO Low
40、Earth OrbitMEO Medium Earth OrbitNED North East DownNRTK Network Real-Time KinematicsRTK Real-Time KinematicsQZS Quasi-Zenith SatelliteQZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System5 Positioning augmentation system overview5.1 System configurationFigure 1 shows the typical view of positioning augmentation syste
41、m of centimetre class. Here, this International Standard does not deal with the ranging signal broadcast from GNSS.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18197:2015ISO 18197:2015(E)GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS, QZSS, IRNSS)Augmentation SatellitesH GEO, IGSO, MEO/LEO HPositioningAugmentation Center
42、sUser TerminalsGroundReferencePointsAugmentation Data ( Satellite clockerror, Satellite orbit error, Ionospheric delay, Others )Calculation of PositionRanging Signal BroadcastingAugmentation Data BroadcastingAugmentationData UplinkRangingSignalReceivingAugmentation Data GenerationRanging Signal,Navi
43、gation DataObservablesAugmentation DataAugmentationSatellitesControl StationsNOTE Bold: facilities, italic: primary functions, normal: signal/data.Figure 1 Typical augmentation satellite system for centimetre class positioningThis typical system is configured mainly by the following components:a) GN
44、SS;b) augmentation satellites;c) augmentation satellites control stations;d) ground reference points;e) positioning augmentation centres;f) user terminals.Each component is explained below.5.2 Classification of augmentation satellitesAn augmentation satellite broadcasts augmentation data, uplinked f
45、rom the positioning augmentation centres for users over wide area. Augmentation satellites are classified into the following:a) geostationary earth orbit satellite (GEO);b) inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit (IGSO);c) medium or low earth orbit satellite (MEO/LEO).The overview and features of va
46、rious augmentation satellites is shown in Table 1. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18197:2015ISO 18197:2015(E)Table 1 Overview and features of various augmentation satellitesNo.Satellites classOrbit height (km)Observed time per satellite (hr)Available regionFeatures1 GEO 36 000 24Restricted to
47、low latitudeOperational with one satel-lite2 IGSO around 36 000 8Available for low, middle, and high latitudeSeveral satellites are needed to hand over several times a day for users to receive the signal continuously3 MEO/LEO 36 000 8Available for low, middle, and high latitudeA lot of satellites ar
48、e needed to hand over more frequently for users to receive the sig-nal continuously than IGSO5.3 Positioning augmentation centresThe augmentation centres make augmentation data using the observation data at the ground reference points. The system sustainability is taken into account when making augm
49、entation data. Some remarks are described below about the functions and conditions, message structure, and user operational support service.5.3.1 Functions and conditions of the positioning augmentation centresThe functions and conditions of the positioning augmentation centres are as follows.a) Augmentation data generationThe augmentation centres make augmentation data using the observation data at the ground reference points.b) Monitoring of operation and measuresThe augmentation centres monitor the system operational conditions
