1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58towing brackets for coupling ball after fatigue testingICS 43.040.70; 43.100Road vehicles Trailers
2、up to 3,5 t Control of welded BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 18207:2006BS ISO 18207:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49517 5Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. User
3、s are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 18207:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
4、 Committee AUE/8, Undergear for caravans and light trailers.A list of organizations represented on AUE/8 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO18207First edition2006-10-01Reference numberISO
5、18207:2006(E)Road vehicles Trailers up to 3,5 t Control of welded towing brackets for coupling ball after fatigue testingVhicules routiers Remorques jusqu 3,5 t Contrle des supports de boule dattelage mcanosouds aprs essai de fatigueBS ISO 18207:2006iiiiiForewordISO (the International Organization f
6、or Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the r
7、ight to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International
8、Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anIn
9、ternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 18207 w
10、as prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 4, Caravansand light trailers.BS ISO 18207:2006ivIntroductionAlmost all of the towing brackets available on the European market are made of steel parts constructed bymechanical welding using semi-automatic machines. This pr
11、ocess of welding is used for its good adaptation tomass production which generates welding defects that do not necessarily lead to cracking or fatigue rupturesduring the test.The uniqueness of control after fatigue testing thus leads to the detection of indications1)of which the origin,determining t
12、he outcome of the control, cannot be deduced with certainty: Welding defects which have not developed after the imposed cycles, thus deduced withoutseriousness; Fatigue cracks initiated during the test or defects of welding having started a process of cracking,constituting a crippling deterioration.
13、In the absence of data on the initial state of the product before fatigue test, the discrimination of these two typesof indications can require long and expensive work (appropriate cutting up of the coupling for micrographicand/or microfractographic examination under a scanning electron microscope),
14、 which is not possible in asystematic way for economic reasons within the framework of these tests.Hence, the requirement for a method of non-destructive tests acceptable in all cases without having to resort tothese long and expensive examinations.1) As defined in NF A 09-500 for control by penetra
15、nt testing or magnetic images, and in NF A 09-590 for control bymagnetic particle testing. The often employed term “default” is used in the following text to designate these indications.2,106BS ISO 18207:20061Road vehicles Trailers up to 3,5 t Control of welded towing brackets for coupling ball afte
16、r fatigue testing1ScopeThis International Standard defines a simplified and reliable check procedure of the mechanical couplingdevices between light trailers, and towing vehicles, covered by ISO 3853 and European regulation (94/20/CE),which specify a dynamic test of mechanical resistance at the conc
17、lusion of which these devices should presentneither fractures, splits, cracks, nor visible external deteriorations caused by the test.This International Standard is applicable to all the components of the mechanical coupling devices whosefailure can cause the fracture of the attachment, manufactured
18、 out of steel, forged steel or cast steel (i.e.generally in ferromagnetic materials).In the case of use of other materials, the manufacturer will check their compatibility with the methods of non-destructive testing.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the a
19、pplication of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.ISO 3853, Road vehicles Towing vehicle coupling device to tow caravans or light trailers Mechanicalstrength testEN
20、 473, Non destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principlesNF E 83-100, Construction densembles mcanosouds Techniques de soudage94/20/CE, Directive 94/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 1994 relating to themechanical coupling devices o
21、f motor vehicles and their trailers and their attachment to those vehicles3 Aim of controls and principlesThe purpose of fatigue controls is to detect the defects caused by the fatigue resistance test (required byISO 3853), i.e. to distinguish the evolutionary defects among all the possible defects
22、(required by NF E 83-100)which do not necessarily affect the fatigue strength.Controls consist of detecting, measuring, indexing and “charting” if needed, the indications before fatigue testthen carrying out a new control after fatigue tests and comparing the results obtained.4 Applicability of cont
23、rolControl deals with all the components, all the welding, all the machining and all the parts of the coupling devicewhose failure can cause the rupture of the aforementioned.BS ISO 18207:200625 Qualification of personnel5.1 GeneralControls are carried out by qualified personnel, in accordance with
24、EN 473 or having an equivalent certification.5.2 Magnetic particle testingControl shall be carried out by qualified personnel, for example, in France: Level 2 of the “Comit Plurisectorielde certification de la COFREND” (Confdration franaise pour les essais non destructifs Frenchconfederation for non
25、-destructive testing). in magnetic particle testing.5.3 Penetrant testingControl shall be carried out by qualified personnel, for example in France: Level 2 of the “Comit Plurisectorielde certification de la COFREND” in penetrant testing.6 Choice of method6.1 GeneralAmong all the methods, magnetic p
26、article testing and penetrant testing are the most widespread methods usedfor the non-destructive testing of towing accessories.6.2 Magnetic particle inspectionThis method is limited to ferromagnetic material and could be difficult to apply. This method does not need toremove the painting as cracks
27、under the surface are visible and it is possible to perform a check test.6.3 Penetrant testingThis method is simple to carry out without special equipment. The process requires the unit under investigationto be free from paint or other similar surface finishes.7 Inspection of coupling devices7.1 Con
28、trol of the devices by magnetic particle testing7.1.1 Magnetization7.1.1.1 General informationMagnetization shall be adapted to the direction of the searched defects, the defects will be detected much betterwhen their orientation is close to a direction perpendicular to the lines of inductions.7.1.1
29、.2 MethodMagnetization shall be performed using the passage of magnetic flux in the part along two perpendiculardirections, the indicator used being a magnetic liquor coloured for examination in white light.BS ISO 18207:200637.1.1.3 Value of magnetizationMagnetization shall be checked using a tangen
30、tial field measuring device to Hall effect and shall be betweenand .During control, the level of magnetization is checked using a standard test specimen.7.1.2 Indicating products or contrasting agentsThe detection of the defects shall be performed using black magnetic liquor made of magnetic particl
31、essuspended in a carrying liquid (non-aggressive to paint). The carrying liquid shall have a weak surface tension(good wetability) and shall not attack the surface to be examined. If the magnetic liquor is contained in a formother than aerosol, it shall be homogenized regularly and its concentration
32、 shall be checked at regular intervals.7.1.3 LightingThe luminous intensity on the surface of the examined part shall be higher than, or equal to .7.1.4 Procedure7.1.4.1 Preparation of surfacesThe surface of the product shall be free from any trace of grease, dust, etc. Paint may remain in place.7.1
33、.4.2 Visual examinationVisual examination shall be carried out on the whole of the assembly with the naked eye or with a magnifyingglass of maximum enlargement 6 when possible, under a luminous intensity at least equal to .7.1.4.3 Method of application of liquorsA fine coat of contrasting paint shal
34、l be applied to the control areas before magnetizing the part.Simultaneously, a magnetic liquor shall be applied during magnetization, when the part is subjected to theaction of the magnetic field for approximately .7.1.4.4 Control of the operating conditionsThe control of the operating conditions s
35、hall be made: either using magnetic particle testing samples; or using reference parts of the same type and having known surface defects.7.1.4.5 ExaminationExamined surface shall be covered uniformly with magnetic liquor and the magnetic images that it comprisesshall not be modified before being exa
36、mined.In case of doubt, a complementary examination shall be carried out to ensure the nature of the images.7.1.4.6 DemagnetizationThe demagnetization of the controlled towing device is not necessary.2 000 A/m 4 000 A/m500 lx500 lx5sBS ISO 18207:200647.2 Control of the devices by penetrant testing7.
37、2.1 Products usedProducts used include: solvent, grease-remover; coloured and pre-emulsified penetrating liquid, water-soluble; and revealing liquid containing solvent.7.2.2 Preparation of surfacesExamined surfaces shall be free from slag, paint, grease, etc.Chemical, mechanical or chemical and mech
38、anical cleaning may be necessary, in order to allow penetratingliquid to enter any discontinuity.At the final stage of preliminary cleaning, careful drying shall be carried out, so that no cleaning product remainsin discontinuities.7.2.3 Application of the penetrating liquidIt may be applied using a
39、 brush or by spraying.Subject to the manufacturers instructions, impregnation shall be between and . The examinationshall be carried out at a temperature ranging between and .7.2.4 Elimination of the excess of penetrating liquidExcess penetrating liquid is eliminated through:a) Rinsing with water. B
40、y spraying or with a wet rag, the water pressure shall be less than and thetemperature less than .b) Rinsing with solvent. The excess of penetrating liquid shall first be removed using a clean and fluff free rag.It shall be supplemented by cleaning with the aid of a rag slightly moistened with solve
41、nt. Any direct sprayon the sections to be examined shall be prevented.7.2.5 DryingThe surface to be examined shall be dried as soon as possible after removal of the excess penetrating liquidusing one of the following methods: drying using a clean, dry and fluff free rag; evaporation with high temper
42、ature (using a hair dryer, providing an air flow at less than ), such that thetemperature of the part to be examined shall remain less than ; or with oil-free compressed air (pressure less than ).7.2.6 Application of the revealing agentApplied as soon as possible after the drying process, the reveal
43、ing agent shall be deposited uniformly byspraying. This spraying shall be done such that the revealing agent is applied slightly wet on the surface to givea fine and uniform layer.5 min 60 min10C 50C0,2 MPa50C80C50C0,2 MPaBS ISO 18207:200657.2.7 Duration of revelation ExaminationThe duration of reve
44、lation shall be between and . However, to facilitate the characterization of theindications, a first examination shall be carried out immediately after the drying of the revealing liquid.The final examination shall be carried out after the end of the duration of revelation.7.2.8 Lighting Conditions
45、of observationAt the surface of the part to be controlled, the intensity of illumination shall be at least equal to .8 Evaluation of the indications or criteria of acceptanceAll indications (linear or round) of which the dimensions are higher or equal to shall be taken into account.They can have two
46、 origins: crack having originated during the fatigue test; or crack having propagated during the fatigue test or having started from a pre-existing initiation.In both cases, the defects are not acceptable.9 Inspection reportThe inspection report shall contain the following information: identificatio
47、n of the sample; reference to this International Standard (ISO 18207:2006); stage of examination in the range of control (inspection process); date of the examinations; type of surface preparation; control method, nature of the indicating products used; description and location of the significant fa
48、ults (with diagram possibly); inspectors name, level and stamp.All or part of the inspection report is included with the fatigue test report.10 min 30 min500 lx2mmBS ISO 18207:20066Bibliography1 EN 571-1, Non destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles2 EN 970, Non-destructive e
49、xamination of fusion weld Visual examination3 EN 1369, Founding Magnetic particle inspection4 NF A 09-590, Non destructive testing Magnetic particle testing General principles5 NF A 09-570, Non destructive testing Magnetic particle testing Characterisation of products6 NF A 09-500, Non destructive testing Penetrant testing VocabularyBS ISO 18207:2006blankBS ISO BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4AL18207:2006BSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is
