1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18314-1:2015Analytical colorimetryPart 1: Practical colour measurementBS ISO 18314-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18314-1:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ST
2、I/1, Pigments.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published b
3、y BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 86039 3ICS 87.060.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate
4、Text affectedBS ISO 18314-1:2015 ISO 2015Analytical colorimetry Part 1: Practical colour measurementAnalyse colorimtrique Partie 1: Mesurage pratique de la couleurINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18314-1First edition2015-06-01Reference numberISO 18314-1:2015(E)BS ISO 18314-1:2015ISO 18314-1:2015(E)ii ISO 20
5、15 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the i
6、nternet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47co
7、pyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18314-1:2015ISO 18314-1:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Sample preparation . 14 Sample measurement 24.1 General . 24.2 Recommended colourimetric conditions . 25 Calibration 25.1 General . 25.2 Environmental conditions . 25.3 White calibration .
8、25.4 Black calibration 35.5 Control measurement . 35.6 Storage of the calibration standards 36 Apparatus . 36.1 Spectrophotometer . 36.2 Tristimulus colourimeter . 37 Selection of appropriate measurement geometry 3Bibliography 5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18314-1:2015ISO 183
9、14-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject fo
10、r which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
11、all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted.
12、This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any
13、 or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of us
14、ers and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplement
15、ary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 256, Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders ISO 18314 consists of the following parts, under the general title Analytical colorimetry: Part 1: Practical colour measurement Part 2: Saunderson correction, solutions of the Kubelka-Munk equ
16、ation, tinting strength, hiding power Part 3: Special indicesiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18314-1:2015Analytical colorimetry Part 1: Practical colour measurement1 ScopeThis part of ISO 18314 specifies the method for determining the colour coordinates of a paint film. This method is only app
17、licable to paint films that appear to be uniformly of one colour, i.e. monochromatic, when examined with normal vision. Paint films that do not completely hide a non-transparent substrate represent an opaque system and can be measured by using the procedure in this part of ISO 18314.Luminescent pain
18、t films, transparent paint films, and translucent paint films (for example for display or lamp glass), retroreflecting paint films (for example for traffic signs), and metallic paint films are outside the scope of this part of ISO 18314.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in p
19、art, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes Examination and pr
20、eparation of test samplesISO 1514, Paints and varnishes Standard panels for testingISO 2808, Paints and varnishes Determination of film thicknessISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes Sampling3 Sample preparationTake a representative sample of the paint to be tested
21、as described in accordance with ISO 15528.Examine and prepare the sample for testing in accordance with ISO 1513.Prepare the test panels in accordance with ISO 1514. Apply the coating always in the same way (e.g. by spraying, brushing, or with application bars), dry or stove and, if necessary, condi
22、tion the paint film as directed in the manufacturers instructions or as otherwise agreed.If the paint film is of reversible temperature-dependent colour, the temperature of the test sample should be maintained at (23 2) C by appropriate measures (for example by the use of a thermostatically controll
23、ed sample holder). Paint films of irreversible temperature-dependent colour should be postconditioned, until the colour does not change any more. In the case of paint films that do not completely hide the substrate, the colour depends on the colour of the substrate and the film thickness, which shou
24、ld be determined by one of the procedures given in ISO 2808.The paint film sample shall not be scratched and shall be free from dust and grease (e.g. fingerprints).For process control of painted articles take representative test samples. The number of samples shall be agreed upon between the parties
25、.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18314-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18314-1:2015ISO 18314-1:2015(E)4 Sample measurement4.1 GeneralFor highly precise measurement results, the samples shall be plane. Dependent on sample size, multiple readings shall be taken. The individual measurements s
26、hall exclude trends and outlayers. The aperture size of the instrument shall be as large as possible.For measurements taken on curved samples, the geometrical conditions specified for plane samples are no longer applicable. Measurement uncertainty and deviation of results from those of plane surface
27、s will increase as curvature increases. When selecting the measurement area on curved surfaces, the smallest possible curvature (biggest curvature radius) shall be placed on the smallest possible measuring aperture. To increase repeatability, the use of a customized sample holder is recommended.Comp
28、arison of samples with different surface properties (e.g. texture, gloss) may lead to different results depending on the measuring geometry of the instrument (see Clause 7).4.2 Recommended colourimetric conditionsThe measurements shall be performed for the following conditions: Illuminant: D65 (for
29、determination of metamerism additional illuminants are needed); Observer: 10; Colour space: CIELAB or DIN 99 Colour differences: It is important to take into consideration that CIELAB colour space is not visually uniform for small colour differences. Therefore, the use of the colour difference corre
30、ction formula CIEDE2000 or the new colour space DIN 99 are recommended.NOTE Standard illuminant D65 is defined in ISO 11664-2. Standard colourimetric observer for 10 is defined in ISO 11664-1. CIELAB is defined in ISO 11664-4. The DIN 99 formula is defined in DIN 6176. The CIEDE2000 formula is defin
31、ed in ISO 11664-6.5 Calibration5.1 GeneralThe correct calibration of colour measuring instruments is one of the main requirements for achieving reproducible results. An incorrect or insufficient calibration can have a major impact, and may lead to wrong results.In order to achieve the highest accura
32、cy, both the basic conditions of calibration (temperature, positioning of the calibration standard) and the instructions of the manufacturer regarding the calibration have to be strictly followed.5.2 Environmental conditionsThe calibration shall be carried out under the same environmental conditions
33、 as the sample measurement taken thereafter.5.3 White calibrationThe white standard is made of a durable material, like ceramic, glass, or enamel. The calibration standard that is used for the day-to-day calibration process shall be the one provided by the instrument manufacturer. It has reflectance
34、 values that are traceable to a national standard. The white calibration shall be done according to the instrument vendors recommendations, usually when beginning to work 2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18314-1:2015ISO 18314-1:2015(E)with the instrument and after breaks. When performing extende
35、d measurement series and/or under strongly varying environmental conditions (for example temperature) the white calibration shall be repeated in regular intervals.Proper identification shall be used to match the standard with the instrument to make certain that only the correct standard is used for
36、calibration.5.4 Black calibrationA black calibration standard is a standard which has low to no reflectance (for example a black light trap). Black calibration is used to establish a known zero point for the instrument. The black or zero reflectance calibration shall be performed with the black stan
37、dard supplied by the instrument manufacturer. A black calibration is always done together with a white calibration. Some instruments perform the black calibration internally, thus eliminating the need for separate black calibration.5.5 Control measurementAfter certain time intervals it is recommende
38、d to verify the accuracy of the measurements through the use of coloured control standards. The instructions of the manufacturer shall be followed.The white calibration standard may not be used for control measurements.5.6 Storage of the calibration standardsAll the calibration standards shall be pr
39、otected from light, mechanical damage, or dirt. Calibration standards that are scratched or damaged in any way shall be replaced immediately. Dirty standards are to be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Under common usage a calibration standard can typically be used for one y
40、ear. Then it is recommended to have the manufacturer of the instrument verify that the values are still within the specifications.6 Apparatus6.1 SpectrophotometerMeasurements shall preferably be done with spectrophotometers. The spectral measuring range shall be at least 400 nm to 700 nm. The spectr
41、al step width and optical bandwidth shall be 20 nm (preferable 5 nm to 10 nm).6.2 Tristimulus colourimeterTristimulus colourimeters can be used for applications that do not require control of metamerism.7 Selection of appropriate measurement geometryThe perceived colour of an object is a combination
42、 of first surface reflection (Fresnel) and typically diffuse reflection from the volume. The first surface reflection (approximately 4 % of the incident light) is only dependent on the refractive ratio not on the colorants. Surface texture determines the angular scattering of the first surface refle
43、ction.The di:8 geometry measures the total first surface reflection independent of the surface texture.The 45:0 geometry only measures the scattered part of the first surface reflection in the direction of 0.Table 1 gives the recommended measurement geometries for paint with different properties dep
44、ending on the objective to be achieved. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18314-1:2015ISO 18314-1:2015(E)Table 1 Recommended measurement geometriesSample properties Recommended measurement geometriesMaterial Surface Final inspection Colorants controlGoal: correlation to visual perceptionGoal: ind
45、ependence of surface differencesPaint: opaque and translucent Mat 45:0 di:8Silk mat 45:0 di:8High gloss 45:0, de:8 di:8, (45:0, de:8)Tex t ured 45:0 di:8Bronzing 45:0Orange peel 45:0 di:8Paint: transparent on high gloss metalHigh gloss di:8 di:8Paint: transparent on mat sub-strateHigh gloss 45:0 di:
46、8Paste: measurement through high gloss glassGlass high gloss 45:0, de:8 45:0, de:8d = diffuse; i = specular included; e = specular excluded4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 18314-1:2015ISO 18314-1:2015(E)Bibliography1 ISO 11664-1, Colorimetry Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers2 ISO 11664
47、-2, Colorimetry Part 2: CIE standard illuminants3 ISO 11664-4, Colorimetry Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space4 ISO 11664-6, Colorimetry Part 6: CIEDE2000 Colour-difference formula5 ISO 18314-2, Analytical colourimetry Part 2: Saunderson correction, solutions of the Kubelka-Munk equation, tinting s
48、trength, hiding power6 ISO 18314-3, Analytical colorimetry Part 3: Special indices7 CIE 15:20041), Colorimetry, 3rd edition, ISBN 3 901 906 33 98 DIN 6176, Colorimetric evaluation of colour differences of surface colours according to DIN99 formula1) Available from CIE (International commission on il
49、lumination): CIE Central Bureau, Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; www.cie.co.at ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 18314-1:2015ISO 18314-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reservedICS 87.060.10Price based on 5 pagesThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services.BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization
