1、BS ISO18334:2010ICS 55.180.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPallets for materialshandling Qualityof assembly of newwooden palletsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 July 2010 B
2、SI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 64932 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 18334:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18334:2010. Itsupersedes BS ISO 18334:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techn
3、icalCommittee PKW/0/-/11, Packaging - Wood.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a Brit
4、ish Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 18334:2010Reference numberISO 18334:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18334Second edition2010-06-01Pallets for materials handling Quality of assembly of new wooden pallets Palettes pour la manutention et le transport des marchan
5、dises Qualit dassemblage des palettes neuves en bois BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are lice
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9、ying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzer
10、land ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 General requirement .1 5 Manufacture .1 6 Assembly2 Bibliography6 BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2
11、010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
12、 interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotec
13、hnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by
14、the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent righ
15、ts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18334 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18334:2003), which has been technically re
16、vised to include reference to ISPM 15 and other national or international phytosanitation regulations and, in 6.1.1, to make the tolerances less restrictive for manual unit-load materials-handling systems. BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction Efficient intern
17、ational transportation of products depends on both pallet strength and functionality, or fit, to the materials-handling systems. Existing International Standards address issues of strength and some issues regarding functionality of pallets. However, major issues related to minimum material quality a
18、nd manufacturing and repair workmanship are not addressed in current International Standards. These factors can significantly impact the efficiency of international unit-load materials-handling practices. The purpose of this International Standard is to establish internationally recognized minimum a
19、cceptable quality levels for the assembly of new wood pallets. This includes recommended criteria for pallet component placement accuracy, fastening schedules and fastener placement accuracy. There are three other related International Standards: ISO 15629, Pallets for materials handling Quality of
20、fasteners for assembly of new and repair of used, flat, wooden pallets ISO 18333, Pallets for materials handling Quality of new wooden components for flat pallets ISO 18613, Repair of wooden flat pallets BS ISO 18334:2010BS ISO 18334:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18334:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights r
21、eserved 1Pallets for materials handling Quality of assembly of new wooden pallets 1 Scope This International Standard gives guidance on the minimum quality criteria concerning the assembly of new wooden pallets. This includes component placement accuracy, fastening schedules and fastener placement,
22、the clinching of fasteners, and guidelines for the placement of components, the characteristics of which impact pallet performance. NOTE Attention is drawn to the document ISPM 15 and other relevant national and international phytosanitation regulations. This International Standard does not address
23、safety problems, if any, associated with pallet assembly. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inc
24、luding any amendments) applies. ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary ISO 18333, Pallets for materials handling Quality of new wooden components for flat pallets EN 844-3, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber EN 844-9, Round and sawn timber Ter
25、minology Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 844-12, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 12: Additional terms and general index 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 445, ISO 18333, EN 844-3, EN 844-9 and E
26、N 844-12 apply. 4 General requirement The provisions in Clauses 5 and 6 regarding the quality of materials and construction shall be taken into consideration in the design of pallets. 5 Manufacture 5.1 Sound or intergrown knots Fasteners may be driven through sound knots. BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:
27、2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved5.2 Unsound knots and holes Fasteners should be compensated when associated with unsound knots or holes. Unsound knots or holes should neither be present on the outer edge of end boards nor on the exposed ends of stringers or blocks. 5.3 Wane Wane may occur on a
28、ny component within the limits specified in ISO 18333 provided it is not located on the outer edge of lead deckboards or on the exposed sides of stringers or blocks. Wane may appear on the surface or edge of other components. Not more than one-third (33 %) of the components in a pallet should contai
29、n wane. Any fastener associated with maximum wane should be compensated by using an additional fastener driven flush. 5.4 Splits and shakes A fastener should be placed on both sides of splits and shakes that extend the full thickness of top and bottom end deckboards and butted bottom deckboards in p
30、erimeter-based block pallets. This is not applicable to nail splits. 5.5 Resin pockets Resin pockets should not appear on the outside surfaces of pallet decks. 6 Assembly 6.1 Wooden-component placement NOTE All tolerances allowed under 6.1 are subject to the overall pallet-size criteria given in 6.2
31、. 6.1.1 For use in automatic materials-handling systems, all lead deckboards should be within 36+mm of their specified location. For manual unit-load materials-handling systems, lead deckboards should be within 6 mm of their specified location. 6.1.2 Other wooden components should be within 6 mm of
32、their specified location except that bottom boards should not extend into the stringer notch. 6.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, lead deckboards and ends of deckboards should be flush with the stringer. Maximum placement deviation should be limited to one-third of the components in any pallet. All si
33、milar components should be placed parallel unless otherwise specified. 6.2 Pallet-size deviation Pallet-size deviation should be limited as described in ISO 6780. The pallets should be flat on their top and bottom surfaces with a maximum deviation of 6 mm from the corner-to-corner straight line. 6.3
34、 Squareness Squareness should be as described in ISO 6780. BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 36.4 Fastenings (mechanical fasteners) 6.4.1 Fastening schedules 6.4.1.1 Nails and staples For nails and staples, the minimum recommended number of driven fasteners per pallet c
35、omponent is given in Table 1. Table 1 Minimum number of driven fasteners Element Width mm Minimum numberaof fasteners per connection u 130 2 131 to 175 3 Deckboard 176 to 200 4 Corner block 3bInterior block 2 aNo fewer than one nail or staple per 5 000 mm2of block-fastening surface is recommended. b
36、Corner blocks with less than 10 000 mm2of block-fastening surface should be connected with at least two fasteners.6.4.1.2 Bolts, wood screws and lag bolts When bolts, wood screws or lag bolts are used, at least two per corner connections and at least one at all other connections are recommended. It
37、is recommended that bolts be retightened at the time the connected components reach equilibrium moisture content during the use of the pallet. 6.4.2 Fastener placement Fasteners should be placed in such a way as to minimize splitting of the connected components. Fasteners should be no closer than 25
38、 mm from the edge of deckboards and a spacing of 25 mm is recommended. The distance between the nail and the end of the deckboard should not be less than 25 mm; see Figure 1 a). For stringer-type pallets, the distance between the fastener and the periphery of the deckboard should be not less than fi
39、ve times the diameter of the nail shank and the distance between fasteners should be not less than 10 times the diameter of the nail shank; see Figure 1 b). Staple crowns should not be parallel to the grain of the deck components. A combination of the various fastener types in a single connection sh
40、ould be avoided if they do not interact effectively, that is contribute simultaneously to the stiffness and strength, or both, of the connection. For example, bolts in oversized holes and driven fasteners represent a poor combination and cannot be expected to work in unison. They should not be place
41、d in the same connection or different connections of an assembly. 6.4.3 Clinching points of driven fasteners Clinched fasteners should be at least 6 mm longer than the sum of the thicknesses of the components being fastened and driven in such a manner as to prevent buckling of the fastener under the
42、 crown or head. BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved6.4.4 Fastener-caused splits Open splits with visible fastener shanks or legs should be limited. Not more than one open split with a visible fastener shank or leg per connection should occur and not more than one-third
43、of the components per pallet should contain open splits with visible fastener shanks or legs at the completion of manufacture. 6.4.5 Protruding fasteners Nail heads, staple crowns, bolt heads, nuts, and screw heads should be flush or below deck surfaces. Countersinking fastener heads and protruding
44、fastener points should not significantly affect pallet performance. There should be no protruding fastener points on the exposed face of outside stringers or blocks or in lead deckboard areas. Provided they do not significantly affect pallet performance, a maximum of 2 % of protruding fasteners (rou
45、nded to the nearest whole number) may occur on unexposed surfaces. Fastener points should not protrude when using non-clinched fasteners to attach deckboards to stringerboards in block class pallets. BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 5Dimensions in millimetres a) Exampl
46、e of nail spacing for block-type pallets Key 1 deckboard 2 stringer d nail wire diameter aRecommended minimum spacing. b) Example of nail spacing for stringer-type pallets Figure 1 Diagram of fastener placement BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2010(E) 6 ISO 2010 All rights reservedBibliography 1 ISO 6780,
47、 Flat pallets for intercontinental materials handling Principal dimensions and tolerances 2 ISO 15629, Pallets for materials handling Quality of fasteners for assembly of new and repair of used, flat, wooden pallets 3 ISO 18613, Repair of flat wooden pallets 4 EN 12246, Quality classification of tim
48、ber used in pallets and packaging 5 EN 12249, Sawn timber used in pallets Permitted deviation and guidelines for dimensions 6 ASTM D9, Standard Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products 7 ANSI MH1, Pallet, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads 8 ISPM No. 15, Guidelines for regulatin
49、g wood packaging material in international trade BS ISO 18334:2010BS ISO 18334:2010ISO 18334:2010(E) ICS 55.180.20 Price based on 6 pages ISO 2010 All rights reserved BS ISO 18334:2010This page has been intentionally left blank BS ISO18334:2010BSI GroupHeadquarters 389Chiswick High Road,London, W4 4AL, UKTel +44
