1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18436-8:2013Condition monitoring anddiagnostics of machines Requirements for qualificationand assessment of personnelPart 8: UltrasoundBS ISO 18436-8:2013 BRITISH STANDARD
2、National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18436-8:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/7, Mechanical vibration, shock and conditionmonitoring - Condition monitoring.A list of organizations represented on this committee c
3、an beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 80054 2ICS 03.100.30; 17.16
4、0Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18436-8:2013 ISO 2013Condition monitorin
5、g and diagnostics of machines Requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel Part 8: UltrasoundSurveillance et diagnostic dtat des machines Exigences relatives la qualification et lvaluation du personnel Partie 8: UltrasonsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18436-8First edition2013-03-01Reference
6、numberISO 18436-8:2013(E)BS ISO 18436-8:2013ISO 18436-8:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica
7、l, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax
8、+ 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 18436-8:2013ISO 18436-8:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standa
9、rds is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also tak
10、e part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In par
11、ticular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, www.iso.org/directives.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
12、document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received, www.iso.or
13、g/patents.Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 5, Condition monitoring and diagnos
14、tics of machine systems.ISO 18436 consists of the following parts, under the general title Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel : Part 1: Requirements for assessment bodies and the assessment process Part 2: Vibration condition m
15、onitoring and diagnostics Part 3: Requirements for training bodies and the training process Part 4: Field lubricant analysis Part 5: Lubricant laboratory technician/analyst Part 6: Acoustic emission Part 7: Thermography Part 8: Ultrasound ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 18436-8:2013ISO 18436-
16、8:2013(E)IntroductionThe use of ultrasound technology in condition monitoring is one of the key activities in predictive maintenance programmes for most industries. Other non-intrusive technologies including acoustic emission, infrared thermography, vibration analysis, lubricant analysis, wear debri
17、s analysis, and motor current analysis are used as complementary condition analysis tools. Those in the manufacturing industry who have diligently and consistently applied these technologies have experienced a return on investment far exceeding their expectations. However, the effectiveness of these
18、 programmes depends on the capabilities of individuals who perform the measurements and analyse the data. This part of ISO 18436 defines the requirements for personnel to become qualified to apply the non-intrusive machine condition monitoring and diagnostics technology of ultrasound.A programme, ad
19、ministered by an assessment body, has been developed to train and assess the competence of personnel whose duties require the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge of machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics.This part of ISO 18436 defines the requirements against which personnel in t
20、he non-intrusive machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics technologies associated with ultrasound for machinery condition monitoring are qualified and the methods of assessing such personnel.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 18436-8:2013Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Requ
21、irements for qualification and assessment of personnel Part 8: Ultrasound1 ScopeThis part of ISO 18436 specifies the requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel who perform machinery condition monitoring and diagnostics using ultrasound.A certificate or declaration of conformity to th
22、is part of ISO 18436 provides recognition of the qualifications and competence of individuals to perform ultrasound measurements and analysis for machinery condition monitoring using ultrasound equipment. It is possible that this procedure is not applicable to specialized equipment or other specific
23、 situations.This part of ISO 18436 specifies a three-category classification programme that is based on the technical areas delineated herein, consistent with ISO 18436-1 and ISO 18436-3.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document a
24、nd are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 13372, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines VocabularyISO/IEC 17000, Conformity ass
25、essment Vocabulary and general principlesISO 18436-1:2012, Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Requirements for qualification and assessment of personnel Part 1: Requirements for assessment bodies and the assessment process3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the te
26、rms and definitions given in ISO 13372 and ISO/IEC 17000 apply.4 Classification of personnel Ultrasound4.1 GeneralIndividuals assessed as conforming to the requirements of this part of ISO 18436 shall be classified in one of three categories, depending upon their qualifications. They shall have demo
27、nstrated the necessary skills in ultrasound condition monitoring for their category as indicated in Annex A.Personnel classified as category II are required to have all the knowledge and skills expected of personnel classified as category I, while personnel classified as category III are required to
28、 have all the knowledge and skills expected of personnel classified as category II.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18436-8:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18436-8:2013ISO 18436-8:2013(E)4.2 Category IIndividuals classified as category I are qualified to perform ultrasound measurements accord
29、ing to established and recognized procedures. Personnel classified as category I shall be able to:a) apply a specified ultrasound measurement technique; however, persons classified as category I shall not be regarded as competent to choose the test method or technique used;b) set up and operate the
30、ultrasound equipment for safe ultrasound data collection;c) verify the integrity of collected data and prevent or control poor data and error sources;d) perform basic fault detection, severity assessment, and diagnosis in accordance with established instructions;e) record and categorize the results
31、in terms of written criteria;f) maintain a database of results and trends;g) verify sensitivity of ultrasound measurement instruments and systems;h) evaluate and report test results in accordance with instructions highlighting areas of concern;i) recognize and prevent or control factors that result
32、in the acquisition of poor quality data.4.3 Category IIIndividuals classified as category II are qualified to perform and/or direct ultrasound analysis according to established and recognized procedures, and are aware of the limitations of the ultrasound method. Personnel classified as category II s
33、hall be able to:a) select the appropriate ultrasound measurement technique and understand its limitations;b) specify the appropriate hardware and software;c) set up and verify equipment settings;d) apply ultrasound theory and techniques where no procedures exist;e) measure and perform diagnosis of u
34、ltrasound signals inclusive of amplitude, frequency, and time domain analysis;f) classify and evaluate the test results (including acceptance tests) in accordance with applicable codes, standards, specifications, and procedures;g) prepare reports on equipment condition fault diagnoses, recommend app
35、ropriate corrective actions, and comment on effectiveness of repairs;h) provide technical direction to ultrasound monitoring personnel at category I;i) be aware of the use of alternative or supplementary condition monitoring (CM) technologies.4.4 Category IIIPersonnel classified as category III are
36、qualified to perform and/or direct all types of ultrasound measurements and analysis and shall be able to:a) apply ultrasound theory and techniques, including measurement and interpretation of survey results such as amplitude, frequency, and time domain processing;b) understand and perform data anal
37、ysis, including limitations;c) determine the ultrasound data acquisition systems and component assemblies required;2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 18436-8:2013ISO 18436-8:2013(E)d) use non-standard techniques for ultrasound monitoring and fault diagnosis;e) interpret and evaluate standards, cod
38、es, specifications, and procedures;f) develop and establish ultrasound programmes, procedures, and instructions including determination of the requirement for periodic/continuous monitoring, frequency of testing, etc.;g) determine severity assessment acceptance criteria for new, in-service, and faul
39、ty equipment;h) measure and perform more advanced diagnosis and prognosis of ultrasound signal analysis with amplitude, frequency, and time domain;i) recommend the use of alternative or supplementary condition monitoring (CM) technologies;j) provide guidance to supervise and instruct category I and
40、II personnel.NOTE It is the employers responsibility to ensure that category III personnel have the necessary competency in the required management skills, for example creating budgets, preparing cost justifications, and managing personnel development.5 Eligibility5.1 GeneralCandidates should have a
41、 combination of education, training, and experience to ensure that they understand the principles and procedures applicable to ultrasound measurement and analysis.It is advised that all candidates utilizing instrumentation with headphones should be given hearing examinations to ensure natural or cor
42、rected hearing acuity exists in at least one ear. A record of the results should be retained and presented to the assessment body upon request. The individual should be capable of hearing a standard pure tone audiometry with results of an average of 25 dB hearing level or lower. This examination sho
43、uld be administered upon initial certification and upon recertification. The examinations shall be administered by a licensed professional and a record of the test made available to the assessment body upon request.5.2 EducationIt is not necessary that candidates seeking classification provide evide
44、nce of formal education to establish eligibility. However, it is recommended that category I and II candidates have at least a secondary school graduate qualification or its equivalent. Candidates seeking classification to category II and III shall be able to manipulate simple algebraic equations, u
45、se a basic scientific calculator (including trigonometric and logarithmic functions), and be familiar with the operation of personal computers. Successful completion of 2 or more years of an engineering skills or technology programme at an accredited college, university, or technical school is highl
46、y recommended for candidates seeking classification to category III.5.3 Training5.3.1 IntroductionTo be eligible to apply for assessment based on this part of ISO 18436, the candidates shall provide evidence of successful completion of training based on the requirements of Table A.2. The training sy
47、llabus in Table A.2 includes the requirement for practical knowledge and practical skills training, within the relevant topics. The minimum duration of cumulative training is shown in Table 1. Training should be in the form of lectures, demonstrations, practical exercises, or formal training courses
48、.Qualification requirements shall be in accordance with this part of ISO 18436. Training time devoted to each topic shall be in accordance with Tables 1 and A.2. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18436-8:2013ISO 18436-8:2013(E)Table 1 Minimum duration of cumulative trainingDurations in hoursCateg
49、ory I Category II Category III32 64 96Training may be modularized into two or more subject areas covering general scientific principles and application-specific knowledge in order to allow mutual recognition between non-destructive testing (NDT) and condition monitoring assessment bodies.5.3.2 Additional training on machine knowledgeIn addition to the training hours shown in Table 1 and detailed in Table A.2, candidates should attend formal or on-the-job machinery and component training of at least a similar duration as show
