1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18461:2016International museum statisticsBS ISO 18461:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18461:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IDT/2/15, Library and publishing s
2、tatistics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by
3、BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 82097 7 ICS 01.140.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since p
4、ublicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 18461:2016 ISO 2016International museum statisticsStatistiques internationales des musesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18461First edition2016-03-01Reference numberISO 18461:2016(E)BS ISO 18461:2016ISO 18461:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTEC
5、TED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
6、written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18461:
7、2016ISO 18461:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 12.1 General . 12.2 Types of museums . 22.3 Governing authority of museums . 42.4 Museum services and use 52.5 Collections and processes relating to collections . 82.6 Access and facilities . 132.7 Income and expendit
8、ure 132.8 Management . 142.9 Museum staff . 163 Structure and tasks of museums .163.1 General 163.2 New technologies and digitizing . 173.3 Renewed interest in the visitor 173.4 Intangible cultural heritage 173.5 Social impact of museums 184 Uses and benefits of museum statistics .184.1 Background .
9、 184.1.1 General. 184.1.2 Objectives 184.1.3 Quality 184.2 Selection of statistics for the museum . 194.3 Use of statistics 194.3.1 General. 194.3.2 External communication 194.4 Presenting statistics to stakeholders 195 Reporting statistical data .205.1 General 205.2 Time period to which data refer
10、 205.3 Data estimated by sample 206 Collecting statistical data .216.1 General 216.2 Museums . 216.2.1 Type of collection .216.2.2 Geographical coverage of the collections.216.2.3 Type of presentation (if applicable) .226.2.4 Governing authority .226.2.5 Ownership of the permanent collection .226.2
11、6 Counting sites of museums 236.3 Museum services and their use . 236.3.1 General. 236.3.2 Opening times .236.3.3 Entrance fees to permanent exhibitions 236.3.4 Visits 246.3.5 Temporary physical exhibitions 246.3.6 Virtual exhibitions .256.3.7 Events . 256.3.8 Virtual events . 256.3.9 Guided tours
12、 25 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18461:2016ISO 18461:2016(E)6.3.10 Programmes 266.3.11 Virtual programmes .266.3.12 Publications . 266.3.13 Museum website .266.3.14 Online services .276.3.15 Collection information available online (at the end of the reporting period) .276.3.1
13、6 Services for mobile devices offered by the museum276.3.17 Social network services 276.3.18 Loans . 276.3.19 Special services 276.4 Collections 286.4.1 Total collection at the end of the reporting period .286.4.2 Accessions. 286.4.3 Deaccessions/withdrawals 286.4.4 Mode of acquisition 286.4.5 Perce
14、ntage of objects in the collection on display .286.4.6 Documentary coverage of the collection 286.5 Income and expenditure 296.5.1 Operating (ordinary) expenditure . 296.5.2 Capital expenditure 306.5.3 Income and funding .306.6 Space . 306.6.1 Gross floor area 306.6.2 Net usable area for museum func
15、tions 306.6.3 Net usable area by function . 316.6.4 Barrier-free access 316.7 Management . 316.7.1 Preservation/conservation 316.7.2 Digitization. 316.8 Museum staff (at the end of the reporting period) .326.8.1 Paid staff . 326.8.2 Volunteers .326.8.3 Internships and trainees 326.8.4 Staff training
16、 . 32Annex A (informative) Subdivision of collection counts .33Bibliography .37iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18461:2016ISO 18461:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pre
17、paring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
18、 liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC
19、 Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility th
20、at some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent d
21、eclarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as informatio
22、n about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 8, Quality Statistics and performance evaluation.
23、 ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18461:2016ISO 18461:2016(E)IntroductionThis International Standard provides guidance to the museum community on the collection and reporting of statistics for the purpose of strategic planning and internal management of museums, for reporting to stakeholders suc
24、h as funding institutions, politicians, or the public, to promote the museums role and value for learning and research, education and culture, social and economic life, and for comparing and aggregating results at a regional, national or international level.Clause 2 and Clause 6 form the core of thi
25、s International Standard. Clause 2 provides definitions for most of the elements which constitute a museum or museum service; these are for statistical purposes only. Clause 6 recommends how each of these elements should be counted. Users will need to consult both clauses for the complete informatio
26、n.In order to show the setting in which the defined museum services appear, Clause 3 describes the current structure and tasks of museums. Annex A gives a structure for differentiated collection counts.Describing and publicizing museum activities consistently can only be realized if data collection
27、in museums follows the lines of this International Standard. As far as possible, museums should collect all data named in this International Standard that concern their activities.This International Standard will be maintained by a Working Group that will monitor developments and incorporate additio
28、nal statistical measures as needed.This International Standard has been developed in close cooperation with International Council on Museums (ICOM) and takes advantage of, particularly, the work of European Group on Museum Statistics (EGMUS) and of the Institute of Museum and Library Services (US).v
29、i ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18461:2016International museum statistics1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies rules for the museum community on the collection and reporting of statistics. It provides definitions and counting procedures for all types of resources and services that museum
30、s offer to their users.It is recognized that not all measures specified in this International Standard can be collected by museums of different type and size. The aim is to ensure that, where a particular statistic is collected, the same definitions and methods are used.This International Standard i
31、s not intended to exclude the use of methods not specified in it. There are many different types of museums, with different tasks and audiences, having a range of unique characteristics (structure, funding, governance, etc.), and affected by a number of situational factors. Since there is such a wid
32、e variation around the world, it is important to understand that not all methods described in this International Standard may be required by or useful to all museums.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1 General2.1.1archival recordsre
33、cord (2.8.11) of the same provenance accumulated by an organization or person in the course of the conduct of affairs, and preserved because of their enduring value2.1.2archivesorganization or part of an organization responsible for selection, acquisition (2.5.2), preservation (2.8.9) and availabili
34、ty of one or more sets of archival documentsSOURCE: ISO 5127:, 4.2.3.01 modified2.1.3cultural heritagelegacy of physical objects and intangible attributes of a group or a society that are inherited from past generations, maintained and protected in the present and preserved for future generations2.1
35、4libraryorganization, or part of an organization, the main aim of which is to facilitate the use of such information resources, services and facilities as are required to meet the informational, research, educational, cultural or recreational needs of its usersNote 1 to entry: The supply of the req
36、uired information resources can be accomplished by building and maintaining a collection (2.5.9) and/or by organizing access to information resources.Note 2 to entry: These are the basic requirements for a library and do not exclude any additional resources and services incidental to its main purpos
37、e.SOURCE: ISO 2789:2013, 2.1.6INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18461:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18461:2016ISO 18461:2016(E)2.1.5museumnon-profit, permanent institution in the service of society and its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates a
38、nd exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education, study and enjoymentNote 1 to entry: Natural, archaeological and ethnographic monuments and sites and historical monuments and sites of a museum nature are included, if they maintain a coll
39、ection (2.5.9) similar to museums.Note 2 to entry: Zoos (2.2.17), aquaria (2.2.1), arboreta (2.2.2) and botanic gardens (2.2.5) are included, but should be reported separately.Note 3 to entry: Collections in institutions of higher education that serve only the purposes of teaching and study are excl
40、uded.Note 4 to entry: Conservation institutes and exhibition galleries in libraries and archives centres are included if they conform to the definition of museum.Note 5 to entry: To conform to the definition it is not necessary that an institution be called a museum, but that it has the role and fun
41、ction of a museum.SOURCE: ICOM, Museum definition, 20072.1.6museum sitelocation of a museum (2.1.5)Note 1 to entry: Only sites operated by the museum itself are included.2.2 Types of museums2.2.1aquariumestablishment that maintains a collection (2.5.9) of live aquatic animals and plants for display
42、to the public, study, and conservation2.2.2arboretumbotanic garden (2.2.5) devoted to trees2.2.3archaeology museummuseum (2.1.5) owing all or a part of its collections (2.5.9) to excavationsSOURCE: UNESCO classification2.2.4art museummuseum (2.1.5) concerned with works of visual artNote 1 to entry:
43、Includes museums of sculpture, picture galleries, museums of photography and cinema, and museums of architecture.Note 2 to entry: Commercial art galleries are excluded.2.2.5botanic gardenestablishment where plants are grown for scientific study and display to the publicNote 1 to entry: Arboreta (2.2
44、2), herbaria (2.2.9), etc. are included.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18461:2016ISO 18461:2016(E)2.2.6ecomuseummuseum (2.1.5) which is managed by local communities and aims to showcase and protect important elements of an areas cultural and natural heritage2.2.7ethnography and anthropology m
45、useummuseum (2.1.5) concerned with subjects relating to culture, social structure, beliefs, customs, traditional arts, etc.Note 1 to entry: Adapted from the UNESCO classification.2.2.8general museummuseum (2.1.5) which has mixed collections (2.5.9) and cannot be identified by a predominant fieldNote
46、 1 to entry: “Universal museums” are considered “general museums”.Note 2 to entry: Adapted from the UNESCO classification.2.2.9herbariumestablishment that maintains a collection (2.5.9) of dried plants for display to the public, study and conservation2.2.10history museummuseum (2.1.5) concerned with
47、 the history of a defined geographic area or a cultural group of people over a limited period or over the centuriesNote 1 to entry: Includes museums with collections (2.5.9) of historical objects, commemorative museums, military museums, museums on historical persons, etc.Note 2 to entry: Adapted fr
48、om the UNESCO classification.2.2.11living history museummuseum (2.1.5) which recreates historical settings to simulate past time periods2.2.12natural history museummuseum (2.1.5) concerned with subjects relating to one or several disciplines such as biology, geology, botany, zoology, palaeontology a
49、nd ecologyNote 1 to entry: Adapted from the UNESCO classification.2.2.13open-air museummuseum (2.1.5) that exhibits buildings and objects out-of-doors, often in archaeological sites, past industrial or mining heritage sites and settings of recreated landscapes of the past, and which includes the site around the buildings2.2.14science and technology museummuseum (2.1.5) concerned with exact sciences or technologies such as astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, medical science, computing, engineering, and applied sciencesNote 1 to entry:
