1、BS ISO18549-2:2009ICS 77.160NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDMetallic powders Determination ofapparent density andflow rate at elevatedtemperaturesPart 2: Determination of flow rate atelevated temperaturesThis British Standard was published under
2、the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 61114 8Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 18549-2:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18549-2:2009. The UK participation in it
3、s preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/65, Sintered metal components.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its c
4、orrect application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 18549-2:2009Reference numberISO 18549-2:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18549-2First edition2009-04-15Metallic powders Determination of apparent density and flow rate at elevated tempe
5、ratures Part 2: Determination of flow rate at elevated temperatures Poudres mtalliques Dtermination de la masse volumique apparente et de la vitesse dcoulement tempratures leves Partie 2: Dtermination de la vitesse dcoulement tempratures leves BS ISO 18549-2:2009ISO 18549-2:2009(E) PDF disclaimer Th
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9、UMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bod
10、y in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 18549-2:2009ISO 18549-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved i
11、iiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Calibration of the funnel. 3 4.1 Method A 3 4.2 Method B 4 5 Test sample . 4 6 Procedure (Methods A and B) . 4 7 Result . 4 7.1 Method A 4 7.2 Method B 5 8 Test report . 5 BS ISO 18549-2:2009ISO 18549-2:2009(E) iv ISO
12、 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested i
13、n a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commis
14、sion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical
15、 committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall
16、 not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18549-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee SC 2, Sampling and testing methods for powders (including powders for hardmetals). ISO 18549 consists of the following parts, under the
17、general title Metallic powders Determination of apparent density and flow rate at elevated temperatures: Part 1: Determination of apparent density at elevated temperatures Part 2: Determination of flow rate at elevated temperatures BS ISO 18549-2:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18549-2:2009(E) ISO 20
18、09 All rights reserved 1Metallic powders Determination of apparent density and flow rate at elevated temperatures Part 2: Determination of flow rate at elevated temperatures 1 Scope This part of ISO 18549 describes two methods for the determination of the time (flow rate) it takes for a given quanti
19、ty of a heated powder mix, based on iron or steel powders and to be used for warm compaction, to pass through a funnel with a given orifice diameter. Method A uses a funnel with an orifice of 2,5 mm and a test portion of 50 g and is, to a large extent, based on the method standardized in ISO 4490. T
20、he method can only be used for powder mixes that flow freely through the 2,5 mm orifice in the heated condition. Method B uses a funnel with an orifice of 5 mm and a test portion with a size of 150 g. Both methods cover a testing temperature range of 60 C to 180 C and either of them can be selected
21、after agreement between the parties involved. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any a
22、mendments) applies. ISO 4490:2008, Metallic powders Determination of flow rate by means of a calibrated funnel (Hall flowmeter) 3 Apparatus 3.1 Thermally insulated enclosure, where the actual measurement shall take place. 3.2 Funnel with an orifice diameter of 2,5 mm (Method A) or, alternatively, a
23、funnel with an orifice of 5 mm (Method B), see Figure 1 or 2, respectively. The funnel should be made of a non-magnetic, corrosion-resistant metallic material with sufficient wall thickness and hardness to avoid distortion and excessive wear. The inner surface of the funnel should be polished. 3.3 S
24、tand and horizontal vibration-free base to support the funnel rigidly, e.g. as shown in Figure 3 (Methods A and B). BS ISO 18549-2:2009ISO 18549-2:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres Dimensions in millimetresKey 1 polished to Ra u 0,4 m athis value is mandatory bD = 0,202
25、,5+Key 1 polished to Ra u 0,4 m athis value is mandatory bD = 0,205+Figure 1 Funnel with orifice diameter of 2,5 mm (Method A) Figure 2 Funnel with orifice diameter of 5 mm (Method B) Key 1 heating device, e.g. band heater Figure 3 Arrangement of the stand with funnel, including heating device, and
26、receptacle BS ISO 18549-2:2009ISO 18549-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 33.4 Device for heating the funnel, e.g. an electrical band heater, to the selected and agreed testing temperature for the powder mix within the range 60 C to 180 C, with a maximum allowed variation of 2,5 C (Methods A an
27、d B). 3.5 Laboratory furnace, for heating the powder sample to the selected and agreed temperature within the range 60 C to 180 C, with a maximum variation of 2,5 C (Methods A and B). 3.6 Thermocouples, sufficient to adjust and control the temperatures of the powder mix and the funnel within 2,5 C f
28、rom the selected temperature (Methods A and B). 3.7 Balance, with a capacity of at least 200 g, capable of weighing the test portion to an accuracy of 0,05 g (Methods A and B). 3.8 Stopwatch, capable of measuring elapsed time to the nearest 0,1 s (Methods A and B). NOTE An example of the insulated e
29、nclosure containing the funnel, stand and a receptacle is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 Example of the insulated enclosure containing the funnel, stand and receptacle 4 Calibration of the funnel 4.1 Method A The funnel with 2,5 mm orifice shall be calibrated as described in ISO 4490:2008, 4.1 and 4.2,
30、 with the calibration carried out at room temperature. Any correction factor found after calibration in accordance with ISO 4490:2008, 4.2 should also be used at elevated temperatures in the range 60 C to 180 C covered in this part of ISO 18549. BS ISO 18549-2:2009ISO 18549-2:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All
31、rights reserved4.2 Method B For the funnel with an orifice of 5 mm there is no calibration method available. Any differences judged to be too big between the parties involved shall be solved by comparative measurements on the same sample(s). 5 Test sample 5.1 The mass of the sample shall be sufficie
32、nt for two or three determinations (Method A or Method B). 5.2 Immediately before the test, weigh out a test portion of 50 0,1 g (Method A) or a test portion of 150 0,1 g (Method B) in a clean weighing dish or scoop. The dish/scoop should be able to withstand the test temperature. 5.3 Heat the dish/
33、scoop with the weighed test portion in the laboratory furnace set at the appropriate temperature for the mix in question. Keep the temperature of the powder mix within 2,5 C of the required temperature. 6 Procedure (Methods A and B) 6.1 Place an empty receptacle under the orifice of the heated flowm
34、eter funnel, which itself is kept inside a thermally insulated enclosure. 6.2 Pour the heated test portion quickly but carefully into the centre of the flowmeter funnel while keeping the orifice open. 6.3 Start the stopwatch when the powder first exits the orifice. 6.4 Stop the stopwatch when the la
35、st of the powder leaves the orifice and record the elapsed time to the nearest 0,1 s. 6.5 An alternative procedure (for a funnel with a bottom valve) is described in 6.5.1 and 6.5.2. 6.5.1 Pour the heated test portion quickly but carefully into the centre of the flowmeter funnel with the bottom valv
36、e closed. 6.5.2 Open the bottom valve so that the powder can flow into the receptacle. If the powder does not start to flow, tap the funnel gently to urge the flow. 6.5.3 Start and stop the stopwatch as above. It is very important to minimize heat losses. Therefore, the heated test portions must be
37、transferred quickly to the thermally insulated enclosure. WARNING Both the powder and the equipment are warm. The operation must therefore be carried out with care. 7 Result 7.1 Method A The average of the two or three determinations is calculated and multiplied with the correction factor associated
38、 with the particular funnel used in the test. The flow rate (at x C) is reported in seconds per 50 g and rounded to the nearest second. BS ISO 18549-2:2009ISO 18549-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 57.2 Method B The average of the two or three determinations is calculated and the flow rate (at
39、 x C) is reported in seconds per 150 g and rounded to the nearest second. 8 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this part of ISO 18549; b) all details for the identification of the test sample; c) the nominal diameter of the orifice (Method A or B);
40、 d) the testing temperature used for the powder sample and funnel; e) the result obtained, and how many determinations it is based on; f) all operations not specified in this part of ISO 18549 or regarded as optional; g) details of any occurrence which may have affected the result. BS ISO 18549-2:20
41、09ISO 18549-2:2009(E) ICS 77.160 Price based on 5 pages ISO 2009 All rights reserved BS ISO 18549-2:2009This page has been intentionally left blankBS ISO18549-2:2009BSI GroupHeadquarters 389Chiswick High Road,London, W4 4AL, UKTel +44 (0)20 8996 9001Fax +44 (0)20 8996 - British Standards Institutio
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