1、BS ISO 18610:2016Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at ambient temperature in air atmospheric pressure Determination of elastic properties by ultrasonic techniqueBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 1
2、5/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 18610:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18610:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee ca
3、n be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 82471 5 ICS 81.060.30 Co
4、mpliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 18610:2016 ISO 2016Fine cer
5、amics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at ambient temperature in air atmospheric pressure Determination of elastic properties by ultrasonic techniqueCramiques techniques (cramiques avances, cramiques techniques avances) Proprits mcaniques d
6、es cramiques composites temprature ambiante sous air pression atmosphrique Dtermination des proprits lastiques par mthode ultrasonoreINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18610First edition2016-09-15Reference numberISO 18610:2016(E)BS ISO 18610:2016ISO 18610:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTEC
7、TED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
8、written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18610:
9、2016ISO 18610:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 55 Significance and use 66 Test equipment. 76.1 Immersion tank with temperature measurement device 76.2 Holder of the probes and test object 76.3 Probes . 76.4 Pulse generator . 76.5 Signal disp
10、lay and recording system 77 Test object 78 Test object preparation . 89 Test procedure 89.1 Choice of frequency . 89.2 Establishment of the test temperature 99.3 Reference test without test object 99.4 Measurement with the test object 99.4.1 Determination of the bulk density and thickness . 99.4.2 M
11、ounting of the test object . 99.4.3 Acquisition of different angles of incidence . 910 Calculation .1010.1 Delay . 1010.2 Calculation of the propagation velocities 1010.3 Calculation of the refracted angle, r. 1010.4 Identification of the elastic constants, Cij. 1010.4.1 Basic considerations 1010.4.
12、2 Calculation of C331210.4.3 Calculation of C22, C23and C441210.4.4 Calculation of C11, C13and C551210.4.5 Calculation of C12and C66. 1210.5 Polar plots of the velocity curves . 1310.6 Calculation of the quadratic deviation and the confidence interval 1410.7 Calculation of the engineering constants
13、1411 Test validity .1511.1 Measurements 1511.2 Criterion of validity for the reliability of the Cijcomponents 1512 Test report 15Annex A (informative) Example of a presentation of the results for a material with orthotropic symmetry .17Bibliography .19 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS
14、 ISO 18610:2016ISO 18610:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intere
15、sted in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
16、Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documen
17、ts should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible
18、for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the
19、 convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
20、 see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18610:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18610:2016(E)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Mechanical properties
21、of ceramic composites at ambient temperature in air atmospheric pressure Determination of elastic properties by ultrasonic technique1 ScopeThis document specifies an ultrasonic method to determine the components of the elasticity tensor of ceramic matrix composite materials at room temperature. Youn
22、gs moduli shear moduli and Poisson coefficients, can be determined from the components of the elasticity tensor.This document applies to ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (D, with 2 3) which have at least orth
23、otropic symmetry, and whose material symmetry axes are known.This method is applicable only when the ultrasonic wavelength used is larger than the thickness of the representative elementary volume, thus imposing an upper limit to the frequency range of the transducers used.NOTE Properties obtained b
24、y this method might not be comparable with moduli obtained by ISO 15733, ISO 20504 and EN 12289.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
25、cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for external measurements Design and metrological characteristicsISO/IEC 17025, Gene
26、ral requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratoriesEN 1389, Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Physical properties Determination of density and apparent porosity3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TR 132
27、33 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18610:2016I
28、SO 18610:2016(E)3.1stress-strain relations for orthotropic materialelastic anisotropic behaviour of a solid homogeneous body described by the elasticity tensor of fourth order Cijkl, represented in the contracted notation by a symmetrical square matrix (6 6)Note 1 to entry: If the material has at le
29、ast orthotropic symmetry, its elastic behaviour is fully characterized by nine independent stiffness components Cij, of the stiffness matrix (Cij), which relates stresses to strains, or equivalently by nine independent compliance components Sijof the compliance matrix (Sij), which relates strains to
30、 stresses. The stiffness and compliance matrices are the inverse of each other.If the reference coordinate system is chosen along the axes of symmetry, the stiffness matrix Cijand the compliance matrix Sijcan be written as follows:12345611 12 1312 22 23000000=CCCCCCC113 23 334455661000000 00000 0000
31、0 00CCCCC2345612345611 12 1312 22 23000000=SSSSSSS113 23 334455661000000 00000 00000 00SSSSS23456Note 2 to entry: For symmetries of higher level than the orthotropic symmetry, the Cijand Sijmatrices have the same form as here above. Only the number of independent components reduces.3.2engineering co
32、nstantscompliance matrix components of an orthotropic material which are in terms of engineering constants:SEEEEEij= 12122221311113133121132330001000 2322100000010000001000000133231312EEGGGwhereE11, E22and E33are the elastic moduli in directions 1, 2 and 3, respectively;G12, G13and G23are the shear
33、moduli in the corresponding planes;12, 13, 23are the respective Poisson coefficients.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18610:2016ISO 18610:2016(E)3.3angle of incidenceiangle between the direction 3 normal to the test specimen front face and the direction niof the incident waveNote 1 to entry: See
34、 Figures 1 and 2.3.4refracted anglerangle between the direction 3 normal to the test specimen front face and the direction n of propagation of the wave inside the test specimenNote 1 to entry: See Figures 1 and 2.3.5azimuthal angleangle between the plane of incidence (3, ni) and plane (2, 3) where n
35、icorresponds to the vector oriented along the incident plane wave and direction 2 corresponds to one of the axes of symmetry of the materialNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1.hnrFigure 1 Definition of angles ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18610:2016ISO 18610:2016(E)nniiirFigure 2 Propagation in the
36、 plane of incidence3.6first critical anglecangle of incidence ithat provides an angle of refraction of 90 degrees of the quasi longitudinal wave angle3.7unit vectornvector of length 1 oriented along the propagation direction of the incident plane wave inside the specimen, with its components nk(k =
37、1, 2, 3):n1=sinsinrn2=sincosrn3=cosrNote 1 to entry: See Figures 1 and 2.3.8propagation velocityV(n)phase velocity of a plane wave inside the specimen in dependence on unit vector n (i.e. in dependence on and r)Note 1 to entry: Vois the propagation velocity in the coupling fluid.3.9delayt(n)differen
38、ce between the time-of-flight of the wave when the test specimen is in place and the time-of-flight of the wave in the coupling fluid with the test specimen removed under the same configuration of the probes in dependence on unit vector n3.10bulk densityratio of the mass of the material without poro
39、sity to its total volume including porosity4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18610:2016ISO 18610:2016(E)4 PrincipleThe determination of the elastic properties consists of calculating the coefficients of the propagation equation of an elastic plane wave, from a set of properly chosen velocity meas
40、urements along known directions.A thin specimen with plane parallel faces is immersed in an acoustically coupling fluid (e.g. water), see Figure 3. The specimen is placed between a transmitter (T) and a receiver (R), which are rigidly connected to each other and have two rotational degrees of freedo
41、m. Using appropriate signal processing, the propagation velocities of each wave in the specimen are calculated.iKey1 rotation drive2 test object3 pulse generator4 digital oscilloscope5 micro-computerFigure 3 Ultrasonic test assemblyDepending on the angle of incidence, the wave created by the pulse s
42、ent by the transmitter T is refracted within the material in one (a quasi longitudinal wave QL, or a quasi transverse wave QT), two (QL+ QT or two quasi transverse waves QT1, QT2) or three bulk waves (QL+ QT1+QT2) that propagate in the solid at different velocities and in different directions.The re
43、ceiver R collects one, two or three pulses, corresponding to each of these waves.The difference between the time-of-flight of each of the waves and the time-of-flight of the transmitted pulse in the coupling fluid without the test object is measured. The evaluation procedure is based on the measurem
44、ent of the time-of-flight of the quasi-longitudinal and one or both quasi-transverse waves, and is only valid when the QL and the QT waves are appropriately separated (see Figure 4). ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 18610:2016ISO 18610:2016(E)0510 15 20 25Key KeyY amplitude Y amplitudeX angle of
45、 incidence X timeNOTE Both QL and QT waves are present and can be distinguished in the positive domain but are slightly overlapping in the negative domain.a) Amplitude of the QL and QT waves as a function of the angle of incidence with overlapping in the region of cb) Temporal waveform of the QL and
46、 QT waves at an angle of incidence, i, close to the critical angle, cFigure 4 Example of partial overlapping of QL and QT waves at an angle of incidence iFrom the propagation velocities, the components of the elasticity tensor are obtained through a least square regression analysis which minimizes t
47、he residuals of the wave propagation equations.Youngs moduli, shear moduli and Poisson coefficients are determined from these components.5 Significance and useOnly two constants (Lams coefficients, Youngs modulus and Poisson coefficient, Youngs and shear moduli, longitudinal and transverse wave velo
48、cities) are sufficient in order to fully describe the elastic behaviour of an isotropic solid body. When anisotropy, which is a specific feature of composite materials, shall be taken into account, the use of an elasticity tensor with a larger number of independent coefficients is needed. While conventional mechanical methods allow only a partial identification of the elasticity of anisotropic bodies, ultrasonic techniques allow a more exhaustive evaluation of the elastic properties of these materials, particularly transverse elastic moduli and shear moduli for thin s
