1、BS ISO 18682:2016Intelligent transport systems External hazard detection andnotification systems BasicrequirementsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 18682:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO
2、18682:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EPL/278, Intelligent transport systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of
3、a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87045 3ICS 03.220.01; 35.240.60Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publishe
4、d under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18682:2016 ISO 2016Intelligent transport systems External hazard detection and notification systems Basic requirementsSystmes intelligents de
5、transport Dtection du danger externe et systmes de notification Exigences de baseINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18682First edition2016-10-15Reference numberISO 18682:2016(E)BS ISO 18682:2016ISO 18682:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll r
6、ights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from
7、 either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18682:2016ISO 18682:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scop
8、e . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 External hazard detection and notification systems. 24.1 General . 24.2 Categories of hazard notification 24.3 Types of external hazard detection and notification system 24.4 Functional configuration 34.4.1 Basis of functional configuration .
9、 34.4.2 Detection functional block. 44.4.3 Assessment functional block . 44.4.4 Human machine interface (HMI) functional block . 44.4.5 Communication functional block . 54.5 Time factors of hazard notification . 54.5.1 General 54.5.2 Detection functional block time factor . 54.5.3 Assessment functio
10、nal block time factor 54.5.4 HMI functional block time factor . 64.5.5 Communication functional block time factor 64.5.6 Time factor after hazard notification . 65 Requirements for external hazard detection and notification systems . 75.1 Principle 75.2 Particulars . 75.2.1 General 75.2.2 Detection
11、information . 75.2.3 Assessment information . 85.2.4 Notification information . 85.2.5 Timing of hazard notification . 95.2.6 Distance of hazard notification. 116 Non-functional requirements 146.1 General 146.2 Consistency . 146.3 Priority 146.4 Security . 156.5 Quality . 156.6 Integration . 15Annex
12、 A (informative) Consideration of timing and distance of hazard notification (case study) 16Bibliography .19 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18682:2016ISO 18682:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
13、 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiza
14、tions, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its furt
15、her maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiv
16、es).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Int
17、roduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to
18、conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.i
19、v ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18682:2016ISO 18682:2016(E)IntroductionExternal hazard detection and notification systems recognize vehicle conditions and their ambient environment using on-board remote sensing or cooperatively through communication between infrastructure and vehicle (I-V), or
20、among vehicles (V-V), and warn or inform the driver about external hazards.This document addresses a number of functions, such as slow vehicle indication, collision hazard warning, lane change assistance, red light warning, and intersection crossing assistance. There are common requirements for seve
21、ral external hazard detection and notification systems. Many other standard development organizations may consider systems that assist driving safety. The scope of ISO/TC 204 is to promote a positive experience of vehicle/roadway warning and control systems for the driver.This document is not intend
22、ed to provide requirements for particular systems defined in each individual standard, but basic requirements based on basic principles for external hazard detection and notification systems. They are common requirements in similar systems, such as safety systems on nomadic devices and systems devel
23、oped in ISO/TC 204, and should become root or primal requirements to define each systems requirements. This document will be referred to when designing various systems in the future. It is expected to ensure uniformity and efficiency and building systems that reduce the likelihood of confusion for t
24、he driver.For a better understanding of basic requirements, examples of typical formulae are shown in this document as informative elements. In addition, calculated examples of some services are given as information in the annex. Fruitful information on particular consideration is listed in the Bibl
25、iography. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18682:2016BS ISO 18682:2016Intelligent transport systems External hazard detection and notification systems Basic requirements1 ScopeThis document specifies basic requirements for systems to execute notifications such as warning and awareness messages t
26、o provide hazard information to a driver.Requirements include principle of notifying, timing of notification, distance of notification, and information elements that should be included in messages.NOTE 1 Methods of implementing functions such as hazardous conditions detection, communication, and pre
27、sentation to drivers are not specified in this document.NOTE 2 The formulae in Clause 5 and calculated concrete time or distance duration in Annex A are not normative elements but informative elements.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor
28、 the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.
29、1hazard notificationinformation that is provided to a driver to notify of external hazards3.2warningtype of hazard notification (3.1) that requests action be taken immediately to avoid an external hazard3.3awareness messagetype of hazard notification (3.1) that informs the driver about an external p
30、otential hazard within a short time in the future3.4hazardous conditionexternal conditions that have intrinsic risks of causing accidents or collisions3.5safe statevehicle state that is achieved after avoiding a hazardous condition (3.4)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18682:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights re
31、served 1BS ISO 18682:2016ISO 18682:2016(E)4 External hazard detection and notification systems4.1 GeneralExternal hazard detection and notification systems distinguish hazardous conditions that occur currently, imminently, or potentially and notify the driver with a warning and/or awareness message
32、to adjust steering and speed quickly enough to avoid such situations.4.2 Categories of hazard notificationHazard notifications given to a driver are classified into two categories according to response of the driver expected by the system as follows.a) Warnings. Systems detect immediate hazardous co
33、nditions, assess need to perform an avoidance manoeuvre by the driver in a short time, and notify the driver with a warning. The driver is expected to respond accordingly with a corrective manoeuvre in a short time;b) Awareness messages. Systems detect potentially hazardous conditions and assess tha
34、t a probability of a hazard is high if the condition remains and the driver needs to perform avoidance action. The system then notifies the driver with an awareness message. The driver is expected to prepare to avoid a potential hazard within a short time in the future.4.3 Types of external hazard d
35、etection and notification systemExternal hazard detection and notification systems collect information on a detected hazardous condition from various sources and assess its hazardous nature, then inform drivers via a hazard notification.External hazard detection and notification systems are classifi
36、ed into two types according to how the information is acquired.a) Autonomous external hazard detection and notification systems (autonomous type). Autonomous external hazard detection and notification systems assess the situation using information obtained solely on-board the subject vehicle and not
37、ify the driver of hazards;b) Cooperative external hazard detection and notification systems (cooperative type). Cooperative external hazard detection and notification systems assess the situation using information obtained from external systems such as infrastructure or other vehicles via wireless c
38、ommunication and notify the driver of hazards.NOTE 1 Cooperative external hazard detection and notification systems may also use information from the subject vehicle, such as velocity of vehicle and location of vehicle.Cooperative type includes two types of systems.1) Infrastructure-vehicle cooperat
39、ive external hazard detection and notification systems (I-V cooperative type). Infrastructure-vehicle cooperative external hazard detection and notification systems assess a situation using information from the subject vehicle and infrastructure and notify the driver of hazards;2) Vehicle-vehicle co
40、operative external hazard detection and notification systems (V-V cooperative type). Vehicle-vehicle cooperative external hazard detection and notification systems assess a situation using information from the subject vehicle and other vehicles and notify the driver of hazards.NOTE 2 There may be sy
41、stems that use information from both infrastructure and other vehicles.Types of external hazard detection and notification system are shown in Table 1.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18682:2016ISO 18682:2016(E)Table 1 Types of external hazard detection and notification system that function as s
42、ources of informationDirect source of informationaTypeOwn vehicle InfrastructurebExternal vehicleba) Autonomous type Xb) Cooperative type 1) I-V cooperative type X X2) V-V cooperative type X XaInformation on subject vehicle such as speed, acceleration/deceleration, and location may be used regardles
43、s of system type.bThere may be cooperative systems that use information from both infrastructure and other vehicles.4.4 Functional configuration4.4.1 Basis of functional configurationSystems described in the present standard include necessary functional blocks, which encompasses the following:a) det
44、ection functional block;b) assessment functional block;c) human machine interface (HMI) functional block.NOTE 1 Where each function is allocated depends on system design. For example, the HMI notifies a driver of the same notification that may be assessed by devices in infrastructures or assessed in
45、 own vehicle. There are systems in which assessments or decisions are performed by infrastructure systems and an example of a system is described in A.2.When hazardous conditions are detected by systems outside the vehicle and transmitted to the vehicle via wireless communication, communication func
46、tional blocks is added.NOTE 2 Transmitting information between devices at the same location (e.g. between vehicle devices or between devices in the infrastructure) is not included in this functional block, but in other detection, assessment, or HMI functional block.Abstract functional block configur
47、ation is shown in Figure 1.NOTE Where to allocate the function of the communication functional block depends on system design.Figure 1 Abstract functional block configurationExamples of function allocation are shown in Table 2. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18682:2016ISO 18682:2016(E)Table 2
48、Example of function allocationInfrastructureaOther vehicleaSubject vehicleaAutonomous type a) detection functional block b) assessment functional block c) HMI functional blockI-V cooperative type a) detection functional block d) communication functional block (I-V)d) communication functional block (
49、I-V) b) assessment functional block c) HMI functional blockV-V cooperative typea) detection functional block d) communication functional block (V-V)bd) communication functional block (V-V) b) assessment functional block c) HMI functional blockaThis function allocation is just an example. Each function may be allocated at other locations.bRelaying communication via infrastructure (V-I to I-V) may be included.4.4.2 Detection functional blockThe detection functional block detects hazardous conditions using sensors
