1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18886:2016Refractory test-piecepreparation Gunningrefractory panels by wetgunning techniquesBS ISO 18886:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18886:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tec
2、hnicalCommittee RPI/1, Refractory products and materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The Brit
3、ish Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 83297 0ICS 81.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016
4、.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18886:2016 ISO 2016Refractory test-piece preparation Gunning refractory panels by wet gunning techniquesPrparation dprouvettes rfractaires Panneaux rfractaires pour gunitage par techniques de gunitage humideINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18886Fi
5、rst edition2016-04-15Reference numberISO 18886:2016(E)BS ISO 18886:2016ISO 18886:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise i
6、n any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de B
7、landonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18886:2016ISO 18886:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Apparatus . 25 Sampling 26 Preparation of test pieces . 36.1 Principl
8、e 36.2 Equipment . 37 Procedure. 38 Calculation 59 Test report . 5Bibliography 7 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18886:2016ISO 18886:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).
9、 The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
10、governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are describe
11、d in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to th
12、e possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO
13、list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as we
14、ll as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 33, Refractories.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18886:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDA
15、RD ISO 18886:2016(E)Refractory test-piece preparation Gunning refractory panels by wet gunning techniques1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the procedures for the preparation of test pieces from refractory materials by wet gunning at ambient temperatures. The test pieces are for the determ
16、ination of properties on wet-gunned products prepared under either “standard conditions” (as required for quality assurance or product development) or “site conditions”. In the case of “site conditions”, the purpose of the testing is to establish the properties pertaining to a given installation or
17、a given set of installation conditions. In this case, the gunned panel is obtained during the on-site installation. Such parameters as activator addition (type, amount, method of addition), conveying pressure and curing conditions (temperature, orientation of the panel) applying during the preparati
18、on of the panel are as near as possible to the same parameters pertaining to the site installation.This procedure applies to refractory materials that can be transported through a gunning hose after having been mixed with the total water requirement for material placement. The consistency of these m
19、aterials (see 7.5) is typically such that they would be suitable for placement by casting were they not to be transported through the gunning hose and applied by spraying.Refractory materials that are pneumatically conveyed in the “dry” state through a gunning hose, even after mixing with a portion
20、of the total water requirement (the bulk of the water being added at the nozzle) are dealt with in ISO 20182.This International Standard does not apply to the gunning of plastic refractory materials (refer to ISO 1927-1).2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normati
21、vely referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 836, Terminology for refractoriesISO 1927-4, Monolithic (unsh
22、aped) refractory products Part 4: Determination of consistency of castables3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 836 and the following apply.3.1activatorchemical solution added to the refractory at, or prior to, the gunning nozzle which caus
23、es the refractory to set, stiffen or coagulateNote 1 to entry: This International Standard may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations and equipment. It does not attempt to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this International Stan
24、dard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18886:2016ISO 18886:2016(E)4 Apparatus4.1 Gunned-material mould. The preferred mould for preparing samples of wet-gunned material
25、is enclosed on five sides as shown in Figure 1 a). An alternative mould is shown in Figure 1 b). In either case, the surface being sprayed onto shall be square in shape and the mould shall have minimum dimensions of (300 300 100) mm. The mould may be made from metal or timber, or a combination of bo
26、th. It should be of sufficient rigidity that it will not flex when material is sprayed onto it.Interested parties shall agree on the size and type of mould to be used and these shall be stated in the test report, along with the dimensions of the test panel produced.A stainless steel expanded metal c
27、ase, having the same mould dimensions as above, may be used by agreement between interested parties. This type of mould is particularly useful during site installation because it can be fitted to the anchoring, enabling the mould to be filled without undue disruption to the gunning process.4.2 Air p
28、ressure gauge, capable of measuring pressures up to 690 kPa 5 % at all pressures.4.3 Weighing scale, capable of weighing masses of the order of 500 g to 0,1 g.4.4 Drying oven, having fan-forced ventilation and capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 C 5 C.4.5 Miscellaneous tools, e.g. trowel, sh
29、ovel.4.6 Thermometer, capable of measuring temperature within a suitable range (typically from 10 C to 90 C) with a readability of 1 C and an accuracy of 1 C.Dimensions in millimetresa) Preferred mould (enclosed on five sides) b) Alternative mouldFigure 1 Examples of moulds used in wet gunning5 Samp
30、lingThe sample for preparation of a test panel should be prepared in accordance with established sampling principles, such as those given in ISO 1927-2.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 18886:2016ISO 18886:2016(E)6 Preparation of test pieces6.1 PrincipleRefractory material is mixed with the total
31、 water requirement and transported to a nozzle by suitable means where air may be incorporated to convey the mix to the mould. Activator may also be added at or prior to the nozzle to allow the mix to adhere to the target surface without slumping. Figure 2 shows one example of an equipment set up fo
32、r wet gunning.6.2 Equipment6.2.1 Conveying equipment, for conveying the material through the gunning hose to the gun nozzle. Examples include double piston pumps, gunning machines that use pneumatic conveying, centrifugal pumps and auger screws. The conveying equipment needs to have sufficient power
33、 to propel high-density pre-mixed monolithic (unshaped) refractory materials through pipes and/or conveying hoses of suitable diameter, over the required distance from the mixer to the surface being gunned. Extremely high pressures (e.g. 20 MPa piston pressure in a double piston pump) may be develop
34、ed and the conveying hoses will need to have been designed to withstand these high pressures for long periods of time. If necessary, seek guidance from a reputable equipment supplier.6.2.2 Activator pump, for conveying activator to the pre-mixed (wet) refractory material at a measured rate.6.2.3 Air
35、 compressor, for supplying compressed air at sufficient constant pressure to ensure that the gunning operation can proceed continuously. The role of the compressed air is to disperse the homogeneous mixture in the conveying hose, irrespective of the location at which activator solution enters the sy
36、stem.6.2.4 Mixer, capable of producing a homogenous mixture.6.2.5 Gunning hose/nozzle assembly, reinforced hydraulic hose (and/or pipe) of the shortest practical length and a nozzle assembly suitable for the material to be gunned.7 Procedure7.1 Set up the equipment as shown in the example in Figure
37、2. Ensure that all the equipment is clean and free of blockages. Place the panel mould against a rigid surface, typically at an angle of 60 to 80 to the horizontal. The set-up should be such as to facilitate ease of gunning at right angles to the surface being gunned (see 7.8). Where the gunned pane
38、l is being prepared under controlled laboratory conditions, this range for the angle of inclination of the mould shall be mandatory. In such cases, the angle of inclination shall be measured, recorded and included in the test report.Unless otherwise explicitly agreed between the interested parties,
39、where the gunned panel is being prepared outside, exposure of the material and/or the mould to direct sunlight during gunning shall be prevented.7.2 Mix the material with the amount of water as recommended by the manufacturer or as agreed between the interested parties, in the mixer for the recommen
40、ded time. Where possible (and especially if the panel is being prepared under controlled laboratory conditions), potable water shall be used. Record the mixing time and the water addition (Wa) in litres per tonne of dry material.7.3 Discharge the mixed material into the hopper above the conveying ap
41、paratus. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18886:2016ISO 18886:2016(E)7.4 Record the ambient temperature and the temperature of the mix in the hopper to the nearest 1 C.At high ambient temperatures, especially at temperatures above 32 C, measures to safeguard against undesirably rapid setting may
42、 be adopted by agreement between interested parties. Such measures include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the following: storing materials in an air-conditioned container and only taking them out as required, reducing the temperature of the water supply, e.g. by using ice, and sampling
43、and installing only at night time. For samples prepared in the field, any and all such measures that have been agreed for the actual installation should, by agreement between interested parties, be adopted for the gunned sample preparation. If there is doubt either about the temperature above which
44、suitable measures should be taken for any given material or about the most suitable measures to be taken in any given instance, the product manufacturer may be consulted.7.5 Take a sample from the hopper and determine the consistency by one of the methods given in ISO 1927-4. Use either the method f
45、or determination of consistency recommended by the manufacturer or any other method as agreed between the interested parties.7.6 Start conveying the material until it exits the nozzle. Check for blockages and material consistency by directing the nozzle into a waste container adjacent to the mould.
46、Once satisfactory consistency is obtained, operate the conveying apparatus continuously.7.7 Turn on the air supply to the nozzle and, if required, introduce activator solution. Adjust the flow rate of activator according to the manufacturers guidelines or as agreed between the interested parties. If
47、 deviating from manufacturers guidelines, reasons shall be noted and reported, including the extent of any deviation.For samples prepared in the field, it may be necessary to deviate from the manufacturers guidelines in order to obtain properties that are representative of specific on-site installat
48、ion conditions. For example, when spraying overhead and/or in very cold weather, it may be necessary to exceed the recommended activator addition and in such a case, it would be desirable to obtain properties pertaining to the use of such excess activator. Such variants should be taken into account
49、when comparing properties so obtained with published data obtained under standard conditions.This does not apply to samples prepared in the laboratory, unless explicitly agreed between the parties.7.8 Holding the nozzle at right angles to the surface being gunned, and typically 0,4 m to 0,8 m from it, spray in a circular motion over the full area of the mould, starting at the bottom of the mould and working upward. Continue gunning until the panel is at least 100 mm thick. The final thickness will depend on the type of test s
