1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18912:2002 Imaging materials Processed vesicular photographic film Specifications for stability ICS 37.040.20 BS ISO 18912:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was publ
2、ished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 November 2002 BSI 4 November 2002 ISBN 0 580 40679 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18912:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO 9718:1995 which is withdra
3、wn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement internation
4、al publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all
5、 the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on
6、 the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pag
7、es 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 18912:2002(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18912 First edition 2002-11-01 Ima
8、ging materials Processed vesicular photographic film Specifications for stability Matriaux pour limage Film photographique vsiculaire trait Spcifications relatives la stabilit BSISO18912:2002 ii BSISO18912:2002 iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms a
9、nd definitions. 2 4 Film base requirements 3 5 Processed film requirements. 3 5.1 Safety film 3 5.2 Tensile properties and loss in tensile properties 3 6 Requirements for the emulsion and backing layers of processed film. 4 6.1 Layer adhesion 4 6.2 Blocking. 4 6.3 Binder stability 4 6.4 Thermal stic
10、king 4 7 Image stability requirements. 4 7.1 Proper development 4 7.2 Residual diazonium-salt test 5 7.3 Light-fading 5 7.4 Dark-ageing of minimum-density area 5 7.5 Dark-ageing of vesicular image . 5 8 Test methods. 5 8.1 Identification of film base. 5 8.2 Accelerated-ageing conditions 6 8.3 Tensil
11、e-property test for processed film 6 8.4 Tape-stripping adhesion test . 7 8.5 Humidity-cycling adhesion test . 8 8.6 Blocking test 8 8.7 Thermal sticking test 9 9 Image test methods. 9 9.1 Densitometry. 9 9.2 Proper development test 9 9.3 Residual diazonium-salt test 9 9.4 Light-fading test 10 9.5 D
12、ark-ageing test for the minimum-density area 10 9.6 Dark-ageing test for the vesicular image 11 10 Classification for reporting 11 Annex A (informative) Numbering system for related International Standards. 12 Annex B (informative) Distinction between film storage (record) copies and work (reference
13、) copies. 14 Annex C (informative) Microfilm image quality 15 Annex D (normative) Effects of heat and pressure. 17 Annex E (informative) Effects of high humidity. 18 Annex F (informative) Light-fading of vesicular images. 19 Annex G (informative) Corrosiveness 20 Bibliography 21 BSISO18912:2002iv Fo
14、reword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tec
15、hnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o
16、f electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
17、to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
18、responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18912 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. ISO 18912 cancels and replaces the second edition of ISO 9718:1995, of which it constitutes a technical revision. This International Standard is one of a series of Interna
19、tional Standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials. To facilitate identification of these International Standards, they are assigned a number within the block from 18900 18999 (see annex A). Annexes A to G of this International Standard are for information only.
20、 BSISO18912:2002 vIntroduction Since 1930, great advances have been made in the use of photographic films for the preservation of records. The preservation of records on film by national, state and municipal governments, by banks, insurance companies, industry and other enterprises has been stimulat
21、ed by recognition of the resultant economies in storage space, organization, accessibility and ease of reproduction. The safe-keeping of pictorial film records having legal, scientific, industrial, medical, historical, military or other values has also become increasingly important. The use of film
22、for records having long-term values necessitated the development of International Standards to specify the characteristics of film suitable for this purpose. ISO 18901 specifies the requirements for silver-gelatin films which are suitable for storage. This International Standard (for vesicular film)
23、 and ISO 18905 (for diazo film) give the requirements for photographic duplicate films suitable for storage. The term “archival film” has been discontinued and the new concept of “life expectancy” is introduced. Film life is classified by the LE or life expectancy rating as defined in this Internati
24、onal Standard. For example, LE-100 represents film with a life expectancy of 100 years when stored at 21 C and 50 % RH. Criteria for properties of LE-10 and LE-100 vesicular films are based upon the dark-ageing stability of D minprocessed areas. Different dark-incubation tests are specified for LE-1
25、0 and LE-100 films. All other properties and processing requirements for medium and long-term vesicular films are identical. In addition to tests to ensure that the density of D minareas does not increase to unacceptable levels during storage, a test is also specified on high-density areas. This is
26、to guard against the possibility of vesicle (or bubble) collapse during storage. This test has to be carried out at temperatures below the softening point of the image binder, as tests above this temperature have no practical meaning (see 1, 2 in the bibliography). However, to give confidence of acc
27、eptable image stability, the permissible density change was set as low as possible, in line with the measurement error of the densitometer. Both LE-10 and LE-100 vesicular films shall meet the same requirement. It is recognized that vesicular images may show density changes after exposure to light.
28、However, this International Standard covers only films used as storage copies, not as work copies (as defined in annex B). The light-fading requirements specified in this International Standard ensure satisfactory behaviour for storage copies that are not intended to be subjected to frequent light e
29、xposure. In addition to the characterization of films with respect to their expected storage life, vesicular films are also separated into two classes (A and B) which are dependent upon their intended use. Class A films are those which retain density in both the visual and actinic region (printing)
30、after storage. Such films can be viewed directly or reprinted onto ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive materials. However, some vesicular films are not intended to be reprinted onto UV-sensitive materials and require only visual capabilities after storage. Such films are designated as Class B films. Obviousl
31、y, both Class A and Class B films can faIl into the LE-10 and LE-100 categories. The requirements for Class A and Class B films are identical, with the exception of image-stability tests after dark-ageing and after light-fading. Everyone concerned with the preservation of records on photographic fil
32、m should realize that specifying the chemical and physical characteristics of the material does not, by itself, assure satisfactory behaviour. It is also essential to provide the correct storage temperature and humidity, as well as protection from the hazards of fire, water, light and certain atmosp
33、heric pollutants. Conditions for the storage of record films are specified in ISO 18902 and ISO 18911. BSISO18912:2002INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:21981 O2002(E)1Imaging materials Processed vesicular photographic film Specifications for stability 1 Scope This International Standard establishes specific
34、ations for the stability of polyester-base safety film which has a heat-processed vesicular photographic image formed by nitrogen bubbles. It is applicable only to vesicular photographic film intended and used as LE-10 and LE-100 storage copies, which shall be stored in accordance with ISO 18902 and
35、 ISO 18911. This document characterizes only the inherent keeping behaviour of the film. However, the suitability of a film record after extended storage depends on both the inherent ageing characteristics of the film and the original image quality. The latter is discussed in annex C. This Internati
36、onal Standard is applicable to photographic film in which the image layer is a discrete layer attached to a transparent support, and it applies to roll film and sheet film. This International Standard is not applicable to vesicular film records intended and used as “work” or “use” copies as discusse
37、d in annex B. The effects of heat and pressure are discussed in annex D and those of high humidity in annex E. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references
38、, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated referenc
39、es, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5-2:2001, Photography Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density ISO 5-3:1995, Photography Density measureme
40、nts Part 3: Spectral conditions ISO 527-3:1995, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets ISO 18902:2001, Imaging materials Processed photographic films, plates and papers Filing enclosures and storage containers ISO 18906:2000, Imaging materials Photo
41、graphic films Specifications for safety film ISO 18907:2000, Imaging materials Photographic films and papers Wedge test for brittleness ISO 18911:2000, Imaging materials Processed safety photographic films Storage practices BSISO18912:20022 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Internatio
42、nal Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 archival medium recording material that can be expected to retain information forever so such information can be retrieved without significant loss when properly stored NOTE There is, however, no such material and it is not a term to be us
43、ed in International Standards or system specifications. 3.2 blocking sticking together of similar or dissimilar materials in physical contact 3.3 Class A films films which are usable both visually and for printing onto ultraviolet-sensitive materials 3.4 Class B films films which are usable visually
44、, but do not have any density requirements for printing onto ultraviolet-sensitive materials 3.5 density optical degree of light absorption, reflection or scattering characteristics of a photographic image, expressed as the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of incident radiant flux to the transm
45、itted, reflected or scattered flux NOTE See ISO 5-3. 3.5.1 printing density optical density in which the incident radiant flux has the same spectral energy distribution as the printer light source and the transmitted density is evaluated by a receiver having the same spectral response as the print m
46、aterial 3.5.2 projection density optical density of a processed photographic image in which the angular distributions of the incident and transmitted radiant flux are equal and specified NOTE For microfilm applications, the angular distribution is a nominal half-angle of 6,4, which corresponds to an
47、 f-number of f /4,5 and simulates a microfilm reader. 3.5.3 visual density optical density of a processed photographic image in which the incident radiant flux has a spectral energy distribution as defined in ISO 5-3, and the transmitted or reflected flux is evaluated by the human eye or by a receiv
48、er having the same spectral receiver as the human eye 3.6 emulsion layer(s) image or image-forming layers(s) of photographic films, papers and plates 3.7 extended-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information having permanent value BSISO18912:2002 3
49、3.8 film base plastic support for the emulsion and backing layers 3.9 LE designation rating for the “life expectancy” of recording materials and associated retrieval systems NOTE The number following the LE symbol is a prediction of the minimum life expectancy in years for which information can be retrieved without significant loss when stored at 21 C and 50 % RH, e.g. LE-100 indicates that information can be retrieved after at least 100 yea
