1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Photographic activity test for enclosure materialsICS 37.040.99Imaging materials Processed imaging
2、materials BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 18916:2007BS ISO 18916:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 55976 1Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsCompliance with a British Standard
3、 cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18916:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on r
4、equest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Reference numberISO 18916:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18916First edition2007-06-15Imaging materials Processed imaging materials Phot
5、ographic activity test for enclosure materials Matriaux pour limage Matriaux pour limage traits Essai dactivit photographique pour les matriaux de fermeture BS ISO 18916:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Test condit
6、ions . 2 4.1 Principle. 2 4.2 Apparatus and materials 2 4.3 Incubation 3 4.4 Measurement. 3 5 Image interaction test. 3 5.1 Procedure 3 5.2 Calculation. 5 5.3 Requirements 5 6 Stain test 5 6.1 Procedure 5 6.2 Calculation. 6 6.3 Requirements 6 7 Mottle test 6 7.1 Procedure 6 7.2 Requirements 6 8 Spec
7、ific procedures 6 8.1 General. 6 8.2 Adhesives, inks, and paints. 6 8.3 Labels and tape. 7 8.4 Dye coupler reactivity test . 9 8.4.1 Detectors . 9 8.4.2 Incubation 9 8.4.3 Measurement. 10 8.4.4 Requirements 10 8.5 Diazo images . 10 8.5.1 Detectors . 10 8.5.2 Incubation 10 8.5.3 Measurement. 10 8.5.4
8、 Requirements 10 9 Test report . 10 Annex A (informative) Colloidal silver image interaction detector . 12 Annex B (informative) Description of mottling 13 Bibliography . 14 BS ISO 18916:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national st
9、andards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International o
10、rganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules giv
11、en in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least
12、75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18916 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Ph
13、otography. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 14523:1999, which has been technically revised. BS ISO 18916:2007vIntroduction The use of photographic materials for the storage of records having a long-term value has necessitated the development of International Standards to specify important
14、 considerations in this field. The important elements affecting the useful life of imaging materials are as follows: a) humidity and temperature of the storage environment; b) hazards of fire, water, and light exposure; c) fungal growth; d) contact with certain chemicals in solid, liquid or gaseous
15、form; e) physical damage; f) proper processing; g) enclosures and containers in contact with the imaging material. International Standards have been published which specify the material requirements for silver-gelatin type film (ISO 18901), diazo film (ISO 18905), and vesicular film (ISO 18912). Spe
16、cifications for proper processing are also included in these documents. ISO 18918, ISO 18911, and ISO 18920 specify the storage conditions for photographic plates, films, and paper prints, respectively. In addition to the storage conditions, the filing materials used are extremely important. Process
17、ed photographic materials in archival collections require a high degree of individual packaging to protect them from atmospheric influences, dust, and handling damage, and also to keep them from contaminating each other. For this purpose, a wide variety of paper and plastic materials is commercially
18、 available, fabricated into albums, boxes, sleeves, envelopes, folders, mat boards, and interleaving tissues. However, it is absolutely essential that these storage enclosures not cause harm to the photographic image. For optimum stability, it is necessary that storage enclosures and their component
19、s meet the requirements in ISO 18902, which includes passing the criteria of the photographic activity test. The photographic activity test described in this International Standard is a predictive test of interactions between the storage enclosure and the photographic image. It can also be used to e
20、valuate possible photographic activity caused by components of enclosures such as adhesives, inks, paints, labels, and tape. BS ISO 18916:2007blank1Imaging materials Processed imaging materials Photographic activity test for enclosure materials 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the proce
21、dure for the photographic activity and dye coupler reactivity tests. This International Standard is applicable to general photographic enclosure materials such as paper, tissue, cardboard, mat board and plastics. It is also applicable to components of photographic enclosure materials such as adhesiv
22、es, inks, paints, labels, and tape. This International Standard evaluates possible chemical interactions between enclosures with processed silver-gelatin, colour (dye-gelatin), inkjet prints made with dye-based and pigment-based inks, thermal dye diffusion transfer (“dye sub”) prints, digitally prin
23、ted dye-diffusion-transfer prints, liquid- and dry-toner xerographic prints, liquid-toner electrostatic prints, and diazo images after long-term storage. It does not pertain to harmful physical interactions such as blocking (sticking together), dye bleed, adhesive migration, or plasticizer exudation
24、. It does not pertain to important criteria of enclosures such as their inherent chemical stability, physical integrity, and workmanship. Passing the photographic activity test (PAT) does not indicate that a material is archival. This term has no clear definition and is not used in this standard. Ph
25、oto-safe, storage enclosures and their components are covered in ISO 18902, which includes passing the criteria of the photographic activity test. If a particular brand of commercially made enclosure materials is found to be safe for long-term storage purposes, there is no assurance that subsequent
26、batches will contain the same ingredients of the same purity, chemical inertness, concentrations, or sound and sturdy construction. For this reason, materials are tested annually or upon each formulation or supplier change. For materials which are manufactured in a variety of colours, such as papers
27、 and inks, each colour is evaluated and reported separately. For enclosures intended for use with any of the above imaging processes, only the black-and-white PAT described in Clauses 4 to 7 are applicable. The dye coupler reactivity test is optional as the results are valid only for the specific co
28、lour print product being investigated. Different colour print products can have different staining sensitivities. For enclosures intended for use with diazo images, only the diazo PAT described in 8.5 is applicable. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
29、application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5-2:2001, Photography Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density ISO 5-3:1
30、995, Photography Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions ISO 5-4:1995, Photography Density measurements Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density BS ISO 18916:20072 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 image inte
31、raction measurable density change in the image interaction 3.2 mottle localized non-uniform visual density variation in the image interaction detector 3.3 stain measurable density increase in the stain detector 3.4 blocking sticking together of similar or dissimilar materials in physical contact 4 T
32、est conditions 4.1 Principle The photographic activity test applies to processed silver-gelatin, colour (dye-gelatin), inkjet prints made with dye-based and pigment-based inks, thermal dye diffusion transfer (“dye sub”) prints, digitally printed dye-diffusion-transfer prints, liquid- and dry-toner x
33、erographic prints, liquid-toner electrostatic prints, and diazo images. The test consists of incubating the enclosure material or its component against the surfaces of two sensitive detectors1. The photographic density of these detectors is measured both before and after incubation and the density c
34、hanges compared with those obtained when the detectors are incubated against a filter paper control. Three criteria are used to evaluate an enclosure, i.e. its tendencies to cause image interaction, stain, and mottle on the detectors. Specific details for each property are given in Clauses 5 to 7. T
35、he test conditions described in Clauses 4 to 7 pertain to paper and plastic enclosures. Modifications of the photographic activity test for enclosure components or interactions with diazo images or the residual dye couplers in colour photographic prints are given in Clause 8. 4.2 Apparatus and mater
36、ials 4.2.1 Image interaction detector, consisting of unprocessed colloidal silver (i.e. Carey Lea silver) in gelatin on a polyester base 1). 4.2.2 Stain detector, consisting of a conventional non-resin-coated black-and-white photographic paper processed to minimum density (Dmin) according to the man
37、ufacturers instructions. 4.2.3 Non-resin-coated paper, consisting of premium-grade print material having a relatively thick emulsion layer. (A warm-tone paper base shall not be used.) The paper shall be processed without development, using a fix, wash, hypo-clearing agent and wash stages. 1) The sen
38、sitivity of the colloidal silver detector is dependent upon the silver grain size and the degree of hardness. To ensure test sensitivity and reliability, the colloidal silver detector can be obtained from the Image Permanence Institute, Rochester Institute of Technology, 70 Lomb Memorial Dr., Roches
39、ter, NY 14623-5604, USA, or equivalent. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. BS ISO 18916:200734.2.4
40、Fix solution, consisting of 240 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and 15 g of anhydrous sodium sulfite added to 1 l of water at 50 C. 4.2.5 Hypo-clearing agent, consisting of 5 g of anhydrous sodium sulfite and 26 g of sodium hydrogen sulfite per litre of water. It is recommended that the final w
41、ashing be for 0,5 h with good agitation. This will avoid uneven leaching of brightener. NOTE Longer wash times can cause physical distortion. The uniformity of the fluorescent brightener can be checked by examination using a UV lamp. 4.3 Incubation Subject sandwiches of the detectors and enclosure m
42、aterial to an accelerated ageing test of 70 C 1 C and 86 % RH 3 % RH for 15 days. Exposure to these temperature and humidity conditions may be provided by means of a conditioned air cabinet that provides 70 C 1 C and 86 % RH 3 % RH relative humidity. To minimize moisture condensation when placing th
43、e sandwiches in the oven, put the sandwiches in the oven when it is at 70 C 1 C and 40 % RH 3 % RH. After the samples have equilibrated to test temperature (approximately one hour) the humidity can then be brought to 86 % RH 3 % RH. Pull the sandwiches apart immediately after they are removed from t
44、he humidity chamber. Failure to do so may result in the adhering of adjacent layers and detectors. 4.4 Measurement Measure the Status A blue diffuse density of the detector strips both before and after incubation at four locations for each strip. Make the after-incubation measurements at approximate
45、ly the same locations as the before-incubation measurements. Measurements shall not be made at the edges of the strip. After incubation of highly mottled or unevenly stained samples, it may be necessary to take density readings at different locations on the same detector than the readings taken befo
46、re incubation to ensure the reacted areas on the detector are measured. Use a densitometer having spectral conformance to ISO 5-3, and geometric conformance to ISO 5-2 and ISO 5-4 for the measurements. Determine the transmission density on the colloidal silver detector and reflection density on the
47、photographic paper stain detector. 5 Image interaction test 5.1 Procedure Make a stack of two image interaction test sandwiches of the enclosure material and the colloidal silver image interaction detector. Construct a sandwich so that the emulsion side of each image interaction detector strip faces
48、 a filter paper separator as shown in Figure 1. These two sandwiches shall consist of two strips of the image interaction detector, two strips of the enclosure material, two strips of a filter paper separator(see Note), and two pieces of glass. The glass shall be clean and shall be discarded if ther
49、e are any signs of corrosion. Apply a pressure of 500 Pa to the enclosure materials and detectors in the sandwich (including the mass of glass), which can be obtained by adding weight pieces to the sandwich surface. Cut the enclosure material, filter paper separators, detectors and glass into strips having the same dimension, being at least 30 mm 20 mm. Sandwich construction is facilitated by using a specimen jig (see Figure 2) to hold the materials in place. NOTE The filter paper separator is
