1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18919:1999 Photography Thermally processed silver microfilm Specifications for stability ICS 37.040.20BSISO18919:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Consumer Products and Sector Committee,was published underthe authority of the Standards
2、 Committee and comesinto effect on 15November1999 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 32714 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO18919:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography,
3、which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UKinterests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate t
4、hem in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section e
5、ntitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Comp
6、liance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and abackcover. This standard has been updat
7、ed (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO18919:1999 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of I
8、SO 18919 1ii blankBSISO18919:1999 ii BSI 03-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Safety and hazards 3 5 Requirements for the film base 3 6 Requirements for the thermally processed silver microfilm 3 7 Requirements for the emuls
9、ion and backing layers of thermally processed silver microfilm 4 8 Requirements for image stability 4 9 Test methods 5 10 Storage of films 9 Annex A (normative) Preparation of standard solution of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 10 Annex B (informative) Numbering system for related International Standa
10、rds 10 Annex C (informative) Effect of residual compounds on the thermally processed silver image 12 Annex D (informative) Accelerated image stability test for thermally processed silver microfilms 12 Annex E (informative) Bibliography Inside back cover Figure D.1 Time vs.temperature for thermally p
11、rocessed silver microfilms (after four post-UV exposures) 14 Table 1 Limits for tensile properties and loss in tensile properties on accelerated ageing of polyester-base film 4 Table 2 Limits for changes in image density and contrast retention for the microfilm reader test 4 Table 3 Conditions for i
12、mage stability test 9 Table B.1 New ISO numbers 11BSISO18919:1999 BSI 03-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throug
13、h ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborat
14、es closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at l
15、east75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO18919 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC42, Photography. This International Standard is one of a series of standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials. To facilitate identification of
16、 these International Standards, they are assigned a number within the block from18900 to18999 (seeAnnex B). Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard.Annex B, Annex C,Annex D andAnnex E are for information only.iv blankBSISO18919:1999 BSI 03-2000 1 Introduction Thermally processe
17、d silver (TPS) films are used widely for computer-output microfilming (COM) and for document recording. This International Standard is intended to provide the desired information on the stability of IPS images as well as other relevant properties of TPS microfilms. The basic elements of the TPS imag
18、ing process are also reviewed. The first commercial TPS imaging product for the micrographic market was a photothermographic paper, called dry silver paper. It was introduced in1964. This paper was designed for exposure by projection and for processing with a heated drum in a combination reader-prin
19、ter processor. A TPS film based on this technology, but adopted for COM recording, followed in1968. Since then, several other TPS-type films for computer-output and source-document microfilming have been introduced by several manufacturers. Special TPS products for other imaging applications have al
20、so been developed, including films for graphic arts and for duplication of aerial photographs, radiographic applications, as well as for line recording and remote sensing systems using laser beam and cathode-ray tube (CRT) imaging devices. However, these special products are not covered by this Inte
21、rnational Standard. It covers only the currently available TPS microfilms based on the present state of photothermographic technology. The unique feature of TPS microfilm and its major advantage over conventional silver-gelatin products is its one-step, dry processing method. Another notable differe
22、nce is that the image-forming components and, therefore, also the final silver image are dispersed in a non-gelatin binder, primarily poly(vinylbutyral). This renders them inert to moisture and its deleterious effects. The support of TPS films is normal, photographic grade PET poly(ethylene terephth
23、alate) safety film (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). In most contemporary TPS films, the metallic silver that forms the image is contributed by light-insensitive silver behenate salts that react with an incorporated reducing agent during heat development. This reaction is catalyzed by latent image silver formed d
24、uring light exposure of silver halide crystals that are also incorporated in the imaging layer. Accordingly, the reaction occurs, at a much higher rate in exposed than in unexposed areas, akin to the different rate of reduction of exposed and unexposed silver halide crystals by a chemical developer
25、in a conventional photographic system. Two important advantages offered by the TPS process include rapid, relatively simple and convenient dry processing and inertness to oxidation of silver images. These images are relatively stable, based on behaviour under normal user and storage conditions as we
26、ll as on accelerated ageing studies. (7, 8, 9). Since TPS films are heat-processed by raising the temperature to between119 C and125 C, which is well above any expected use and recommended storage temperatures, no chemical fixation is required. Hence, TPS films do not fall within the provisions ofIS
27、O10602 that apply to chemical fixation. These attractive features should be weighed against the disadvantage that, in the TPS process, the residual image-forming components are not removed during processing. Therefore, the potential for formation of excessive fog exists throughout the life of the re
28、cord; such fog may render the image unusable. This may occur during dark storage at elevated temperatures, or on prolonged exposure to ambient illumination, or especially on excessive exposure to light and heat in a reader-printer or to heat generated by a nearby fire. In the case of fire, the tempe
29、rature inside a “fireproof” vault or safe can also rise to cause image degradation. Concerns with these possible causes of degradation have led to the adoption of considerably lower life expectancy ratings of TPS films in these specifications than indicated by accelerated ageing studies. This Intern
30、ational Standard includes all the requirements for the stability of wet-processed silver-gelatin films on safety bases, set forth in ISO10602. They also include special thermal requirements applicable to TPS films and the requirement of at least ten duplications with a high-intensity mercury vapour
31、lamp, stipulated for diazo and vesicular films. A few other relevant requirements for thermally processed vesicular films (ISO9718) and ammonia processed diazo films (ISO8225) are also included. 1 Scope This International Standard establishes specifications for the stability of photographic films in
32、tended for storage of records; specifically, microfilms with a base of safety polyester poly(ethylene terephthalate) having predominantly silver behenate salts dispersed in nongelatinous emulsions, and thermally processed to produce a black-and-white silver image. This International Standard applies
33、 to thermally processed silver (TPS) microfilms having ultrasonic or dielectric (induction-heated) splices. It does not cover films with splices made by means of adhesive tape.BSISO18919:1999 2 BSI 03-2000 This International Standard does not cover other types of black-and-white TPS films, black-and
34、-white paper, colour images and colour prints that are produced with thermally processed silver behenate systems. It does not apply to films to which lacquers have been applied. It also does not apply to conventional black-and-white silver images that are produced by wet processing of silver-gelatin
35、 films (seeISO10602). 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to ag
36、reements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5-2:1991, PhotographyDensity measurementsPart 2
37、: Geometric conditions for transmission density. ISO 5-3:1995, PhotographyDensity measurementsPart 3: Spectral conditions. ISO 527-3:1995, PlasticsDetermination of tensile propertiesPart 3: Test conditions for films and sheets. ISO 543:1990, PhotographyPhotographic filmsSpecifications for safety fil
38、m. ISO 6077:1993, PhotographyPhotographic films and papersWedge test for brittleness. ISO 7565:1993, MicrographicsReaders for transparent microformsMeasurement of characteristics. ISO 8225:1995, Photography Ammonia-processed diazo photographic film Specifications for stability. ISO 9718:1995, Photog
39、raphyProcessed vesicular photographic filmSpecifications for stability. ISO 10602:1995, PhotographyProcessed silver-gelatin type black-and-white film Specifications for stability. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 archival m
40、edium recording material that can be expected to retain information for ever so that it can be retrieved without significant loss when properly stored NOTEThere is, however, no such material and it is not a term to be used in International Standards or system specifications. 3.2 life expectancy LE l
41、ength of time that information is predicted to be retrievable in a system under extended-term storage conditions NOTEHowever, the actual useful life of film is very dependent upon the existing storage conditions (for example, see ISO546619 and ISO10214)21. 3.3 LE designation rating for the “life exp
42、ectancy” of recording materials and associated retrieval systems; the number following the LE symbol is a prediction of the minimum life expectancy, in years, for which information can, be retrieved without significant loss when stored under extended-term storage conditions NOTEFor example, LE-100 i
43、ndicates that information can be retrieved for at least 100 years storage. 3.4 extended-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information having a permanent value 3.5 medium-term storage conditions storage conditions suitable for the preservation of rec
44、orded information for a minimum of ten years 3.6 film base plastic support for the emulsion and backing layers 3.7 emulsion layer(s) image or image-forming layer(s) of photographic films, papers and plates 3.8 non-curl backing layer layer, usually made of gelatin, applied to the side of the film bas
45、e opposite to that of the emulsion layer, for the purpose of preventing curl NOTE 1It is comparable to the emulsion layer in thickness and is not removed in processing. NOTE 2Antihalation or other layers removed are excluded from this definition.BSISO18919:1999 BSI 03-2000 3 3.9 safety photographic
46、film photographic film which passes the ignition time test and burning time test as specified in ISO 543 3.10 safety poly(ethylene terephthalate) base polyester film base composed mainly of a polymer of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid 4 Safety and hazards 4.1 Hazard warnings Some of the chemic
47、als specified in the test procedures are caustic, toxic or otherwise hazardous. Safe laboratory practice for the handlingof chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles, rubber gloves and other protective apparel such as face-masks or aprons where appropriate. Specific danger notices are
48、given in the text for particularly dangerous materials, but normal precautions are required during the performance of any chemical procedures at all times. The first time that a hazardous material is noted in the test procedure section, the hazard is indicated by the word “DANGER” followed by a symb
49、ol consisting of angle brackets “g” containing a letter which designates the specific hazard. Adouble bracket “h” is used for particularly perilous situations. In subsequent statements involving handling of these hazardous materials, only the hazard symbol consisting of the brackets and letter(s) is displayed. Furthermore, for a given material, the hazard symbol is used only once in a single paragraph. Detailed warnings for handling chemicals and their diluted solutions are beyond the scope of this Internationa
