1、BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 19018:2004Ships and marine technology Terms, abbreviations,graphical symbols and concepts on navigationICS 01.040.47; 01.080.30; 47.020.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g4
2、4g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS ISO 19018:2004This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 September 2005 BSI 2 September 2005ISBN 0 580 46147 5National forewordThis British Standard reproduces verbatim IS
3、O 19018:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SME/32, Ships and marine technology, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secret
4、ary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of Briti
5、sh Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present
6、to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside fro
7、nt cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 24, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsReference numberISO 19018:2004(E)INTERNATIONALST
8、ANDARDISO19018First edition2004-07-01Ships and marine technology Terms, abbreviations, graphical symbols and concepts on navigation Navires et technologie maritime Termes, abrviations, symboles graphiques et concepts relatifs la navigation BS ISO 19018:2004iiiiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope 12 Nor
9、mative references . 13 Special units in maritime navigation. 24 Reference directions. 24.1 North directions 24.2 Dead ahead direction 35 Course, heading, track, speed. 35.1 Course, heading 35.2 Track. 45.3 Speed 46 Bearings. 57 Corrections 58 Influence of wind and current 68.1 Wind 68.2 Leeway and d
10、rift triangle 79 Geographical coordinates, positions, lines, graphical symbols . 89.1 Geographical coordinates 89.2 Positions and lines . 109.3 Graphical symbols 1110 Waypoint navigation. 1111 Terms of time. 1211.1 Universal terms of time 1211.2 Terms concerning time for navigation use 1312 Astronom
11、ical navigation 1312.1 Celestial coordinates, points, lines and angles on the celestial sphere. 1312.2 Great and small circles. 1412.3 Altitudes and angular distances on the celestial sphere 1512.4 Sight reduction 1612.5 Symbols of celestial bodies and sextant altitudes 1713 Depth of water and tides
12、 1814 Terrestrial magnetism. 2015 Radar navigation. 2116 LORAN-C 2317 Global Positioning System (GPS) . 2317.1 Dilution of precision . 23Bibliography . 24BS ISO 19018:2004BS ISO 19018:2004ivForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standa
13、rds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organ
14、izations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given i
15、n the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 %
16、of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19018 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships an
17、d marine technology, Subcommittee SC 9, General requirements.1Ships and marine technology Terms, abbreviations, graphical symbols and concepts on navigation 1 Scope This International Standard contains terms, abbreviations and graphical symbols, which are to be used in maritime navigation on board s
18、hips. The application of abbreviations is useful, but they should not be used in mathematical formulae. Symbols for use in mathematical formulae are mentioned, if necessary. Navigation is the process of position finding as well as planning, recording and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicl
19、e from one place to another. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applie
20、s. ISO 31-1, Quantities and units Part 1: Space and timeIEC 60872-1, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems Radar plotting aids Part 1: Automatic radar plotting aids (ARPA) Methods of testing and required test resultsIEC 60872-2, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication e
21、quipment and systems Radar plotting aids Part 2: Automatic tracking aids (ATA) Methods of testing and required test resultsIEC 60872-3, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems Radar plotting aids Part 3: Electronic plotting aid (EPA) Performance requirements Methods of testi
22、ng and required test resultsIEC 60936-1, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems Radar Part 1: Shipborne radar Performance requirements Methods of testing and required test resultsIEC 60936-2, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems Radar Part 2: Shi
23、pborne radar for high-speed craft (HSC) Methods of testing and required test resultsBS ISO 19018:200423 Special units in maritime navigation ItemNo.Name of unit Internationalsymbol for unitDefinition, conversion factors and remarks 3.1 Unit of length3.1.1 nautical mile NM in charts: M*1 NM = 1 852 m
24、. The nautical mile is not an SI-unit. This definition was adopted by the First International Hydro-graphic Conference in 1929 (see ISO 31-1). 3.1.2 cable, cable length cbl One-tenth of a nautical mile.3.2 Unit of velocity and speedknot, knots kn NM1 kn = 1 = 0,514 444m/sh(see ISO 31-1 and Chart INT
25、 1) Velocity is a vector quantity, whereas speed is a scalar having magnitude only. 3.3 Unit of angle3.3.1 degree q1= rad180Sq3.3.2 minute 11 =60q(see ISO 31-1) In maritime navigation, angles should be specified in degrees, minutes and decimals of minutes (example: write 17q 40,25 not 17q 40 15“). *
26、 Symbol M is to be used in Charts according to the “Chart Specifications of the IHO” which came into force at theXIIth International Hydrographic Conference 1982 in Monaco. 4 Reference directions 4.1 North directions North directions are horizontal reference directions. Item No. Name of the term Abb
27、re-viation Definition, remarks 4.1.1 true north TN Northerly direction of the meridian (see 9.1.12). 4.1.2 magnetic north MN Northerly direction of the horizontal component of the earths magnetic field (see 14.2). 4.1.3 compass north CN Northerly direction of the needle or zero-index of a magnetic c
28、ompass. 4.1.4 gyro north GyN Northerly direction indicated by the gyro-compass.BS ISO 19018:2004BS ISO 19018:200434.2 Dead ahead direction Dead ahead direction is the direction ahead of the ships fore-and-aft line. 5 Course, heading, track, speed 5.1 Course, heading Course (CSE) and heading (HDG) ar
29、e angles, measured in the horizontal plane from one of the reference directions specified in Clause 4, counted clockwise from 000q through 360q, written as three-digit numbers. In radar navigation, the abbreviations CRS for course and HDG for heading are preferred. Item No. Name of the term Abbre-vi
30、ation Definition, remarks 5.1.1 true course, course to steer TC T CRS CTS The direction, in which the ship is intended to be steered, defined by the angle between themeridian through its position and the fore-and-aft line of the ship, expressed in angular units from true north (000q).5.1.2 true head
31、ing TH T HDG Actual direction in which the longitudinal axis of the ship is pointed, defined by the angle between the meridian through its position and the fore-and-aft line of the ship, expressed in angular units from true north (000q).5.1.3 magnetic course MCM CRS The direction, in which the ship
32、is intended to be steered, defined by the angle between themagnetic meridian (see 14.4) through its position and the fore-and-aft line of the ship, expressed in angular units from magnetic north (000q).5.1.4 magnetic heading MHM HDG Actual direction in which the longitudinal axis of the ship is poin
33、ted, defined by the angle between the magnetic meridian through its position and the fore-and-aft line of the ship, expressed in angular units from magnetic north (000q).5.1.5 compass course CCC CRS The direction, in which the ship is intended to be steered, defined by the angle between compass nort
34、h (see 4.1.3) and the fore-and-aft line of the ship, expressed in angular units from compass north (000q).5.1.6 compass heading CHC HDG Actual direction in which the longitudinal axis of the ship is pointed, defined by the angle between compass north and the fore-and-aft line of the ship, expressed
35、in angular units from compass north (000q).5.1.7 gyro course GyC Gy CRS The direction, in which the ship is intended to be steered, defined by the angle between gyro north (see 4.1.4) and the fore-and-aft line of the ship, expressed in angular units from gyro north (000q).5.1.8 gyro heading GyH GY H
36、DG Actual direction in which the longitudinal axis of the ship is pointed, defined by the angle between gyro north and the fore-and-aft line of the ship, expressed in angular units from gyro north (000q).5.1.9 course through water CTW Direction of the ships movement through the water, defined by the
37、 angle between the meridian through its position and the direction of the ships movement through the water, expressed inangular units from true north. 4Item No. Name of the term Abbre-viation Definition, remarks 5.1.10 course of advance, course to make good COA Direction from the ships last fix (see
38、 9.2.5) to the next estimated position (see 9.2.3), expressed in angular units from true north. 5.1.11 course over ground COG Direction of the ships movement relative to the earth, measured on board the ship, expressed in angular units from true north. 5.1.12 course made good CMG Rhumb-line directio
39、n (see 9.2.11) between two fixes (see 9.2.5). 5.2 Track The term “track” is used a) as the path of voyage over the ground (ground track) or through the water (water track) as plotted in the chart, expressed in angular units from true north (000) clockwise through 360; must distinguish rhumb-line tra
40、ck (see 9.2.11) and great-circle track (see 9.2.9), b) as the path of radar-targets on a plan position indicator (see 15.4). Item No. Name of the term Abbre-viation Definition, remarks 5.2.1 intended water track WT Intended path of the ships movement through the water.5.2.2 water track WAT TRK Actua
41、l path of the ships movement through the water.5.2.3 intended ground track GT Intended path of the ships movement over the ground. 5.2.4 ground track GND TRK Actual path of the ships movement relative to the earth.5.2.5 track made good TMG Track between two fixes (see 9.2.5). 5.3 Speed Item No. Name
42、 of the term Abbre-viation Definition, remarks 5.3.1 speed SPD Own ships speed in dead ahead direction (see 4.2) produced by machine or sail. 5.3.2 speed through the water STW Speed of the ship relative to the water surface. 5.3.3 speed of advance, speed to make good SOA Estimated speed of the ship
43、relative to the earth. 5.3.4 speed over the ground SOG Speed of the ship relative to the earth, measured on board the ship. 5.3.5 speed made good SMG Speed of the ship between two fixes. BS ISO 19018:200456 Bearings Bearing (BRG) is an angle measured in the horizontal plane from one of the reference
44、 directions specified in Clause 4, measured clockwise from 000 through 360 written as three-digit numbers. In radar navigation, the abbreviation BRG for bearing is preferred. Item No. Name of the term Abbre-viation Definition, remarks 6.1 true bearing TB T BRG Angular distance from true north (000q)
45、 to the object, the direction of the electronic bearing line (see 15.2.4) on a plan postition indicator (PPI). 6.2 magnetic bearing MB Angular distance from magnetic north (000q) to the object. 6.3 compass bearing CB Angular distance from compass north (000q) to the object. 6.4 gyro bearing GyB Gy B
46、RG Angular distance from gyro north (000q) to the object, the direction of the electronic bearing line (see 15.2.4) on a plan postition indicator (PPI). 6.5 relative bearing RB R BRG Angular distance from the ships dead ahead direction (see 4.2) to the object, on a plan position indicator from the h
47、eading line (see 15.2.3) to the electronic bearing line (see 15.2.4). With the addition “right” (starboard) or “left” (port), semicircle counting from 000q through 180q is allowed. 7 Corrections The numerical value of a correction is the best estimate which can be made of the difference between the
48、true and the measured value of a parameter. The sign is such that a correction which is to be added to an observed reading is taken as positive. Item No. Name of the term Abbre-viation Definition, remarks 7.1 magnetic variation MAG VAR Angle between the geographic and the magnetic meridians (see 9.1
49、.12 and 14.4) at any place of the earth, also called magnetic declination, from true north to magnetic north eastwards named E (sign plus), westwards named W (sign minus). 7.2 deviation DEV Angle between the magnetic meridian (see 14.4) and the axis of a compass card, expressed in degrees east or west to indicate the direction in which the northern end of the compass card is offset from magnetic north when it is disturbed by local attraction, from magnetic north to compass north eastwards named E (
