1、BS ISO1920-9:2009ICS 91.100.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDTesting of concretePart 9: Determination of creep ofconcrete cylinders in compressionThis British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee
2、on 30November 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 59475 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 1920-9:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 1920-9:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/517/1, Concre
3、te production and testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cann
4、ot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 1920-9:2009Reference numberISO 1920-9:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO1920-9First edition2009-04-01Testing of concrete Part 9: Determination of creep of concrete cylinders in compression Essais du bton Partie 9: Dtermination du fluage de cylin
5、dres de bton en compressionBS ISO 1920-9:2009ISO 1920-9:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on
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9、out permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rig
10、hts reservedBS ISO 1920-9:2009ISO 1920-9:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
11、 ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborate
12、s closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards
13、. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
14、 document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1920-9 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 1, Test methods for concrete. ISO 1920 co
15、nsists of the following parts, under the general title Testing of concrete: Part 1: Sampling of fresh concrete Part 2: Properties of fresh concrete Part 3: Making and curing test specimens Part 4: Strength of hardened concrete Part 5: Properties of hardened concrete other than strength Part 6: Sampl
16、ing, preparing and testing of concrete cores Part 7: Non-destructive tests on hardened concrete Part 8: Determination of drying shrinkage of concrete for samples prepared in the field or in the laboratory Part 9: Determination of creep of concrete cylinders in compression The following part is under
17、 preparation: Part 10: Determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression BS ISO 1920-9:2009BS ISO 1920-9:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1920-9:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Testing of concrete Part 9: Determination of creep of concrete cylinders in compression 1 Scope This part of
18、 ISO 1920 specifies a method for determining the creep of standard concrete test cylinders subjected to a sustained longitudinal compressive load. NOTE The conditions for curing and storage (see 6.1) can be varied to suit different requirements, e.g. early pre-stress. The time of loading (see 6.2) c
19、an also be varied to give an indication of other properties. These variations, however, will not conform to the requirements for a creep test as specified in this part of ISO 1920 and it is necessary that any deviation from the standard procedure be recorded in the test report. 2 Normative reference
20、s The following referenced documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1920-3:2004, Testing of concrete Part 3: Making
21、 and curing test specimens ISO 1920-4:2005, Testing of concrete Part 4: Strength of hardened concrete ISO 1920-8:2009, Testing of concrete Part 8: Determination of drying shrinkage of concrete for samples prepared in the field or in the laboratory 3 Principle The creep of the concrete is obtained by
22、 determining the total combined creep and drying shrinkage of the loaded specimens and subtracting from this value the drying shrinkage of the unloaded specimens, all specimens being stored in the same environmental conditions. This part of ISO 1920 details the fixed environmental conditions for car
23、rying out the test, which allows comparison with previously tested specimens and specimens tested in other laboratories. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Loading frame, capable of applying and maintaining the required load on the specimen or group of specimens for the duration of the test. The means of maintaining t
24、he load may be either a spring or system of springs; alternatively, a hydraulic ram or capsule may be used. A schematic diagram of a loading frame operated by a hydraulic arrangement is given in Figure 1. A similar arrangement can also be used for a spring-loaded system in which the system of loadin
25、g only will be different. NOTE The arrangement shown in Figure 1 employs the vertical loading of specimens. Horizontal loading of specimens is also frequently employed. BS ISO 1920-9:2009ISO 1920-9:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reservedKey 1 test cylinders 2 end plates 3 gauge reference points 4 loa
26、d cell 5 hemispherical seat 6 load sustaining cell 7 pressure gauge aTo pump. Figure 1 Schematic arrangement for testing creep of concrete Where the load-maintaining system comprises a spring or a system of springs, initial compression shall be applied by means of a portable jack or testing machine.
27、 Where a system of springs is used for load maintenance, care should be taken in the selection of springs, which should be long and suitably matched for the purpose. BS ISO 1920-9:2009ISO 1920-9:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3Means shall be provided for measuring the load to the nearest 2 % o
28、f the total applied load. Suitable means of measuring the load are by a) a permanently installed hydraulic load cell with calibrated pressure gauge, b) a calibrated hydraulic jack with pressure gauge, or c) a calibrated load cell inserted in the frame at the time of loading or when the load is adjus
29、ted. All end plates of the loading frame shall be sufficiently rigid to ensure uniform loading of the cylinders. At one end of the specimen or group of specimens a suitable spherical seating device shall be provided between the specimens and the end plates. Bearing surfaces of any plates in contact
30、with the loaded specimens shall not depart from a plane by more than 0,05 mm. In any loading frame, a group of specimens may be stacked for simultaneous loading. 4.2 Strain-measuring device, which meets the following requirements. a) A suitable apparatus shall be provided for the measurement of long
31、itudinal strain in each specimen to the nearest 10 microstrain. The apparatus may be attached or portable. In all cases, reference gauge points shall be positively attached to the specimen. Gauges relying on friction contact shall not be used. b) Deformations shall be measured on gauge lines spaced
32、uniformly around the periphery of the specimen. The gauge reference points shall be evenly spaced at about the mid-height of the specimen. The number of gauge lines shall be not less than two for control specimens and not less than three for loaded specimens. c) The effective gauge length shall be n
33、ot less than three times the maximum aggregate size and not greater than 1) 260 mm for large specimens without end plates, and 160 mm for small specimens without end plates, and 2) 150 mm for large specimens having attached end plates, and 100 mm for small specimens having attached end plates. NOTE
34、1 A “small specimen” made of concrete is one having the maximum nominal size of the aggregate not greater than 25 mm, while a “large specimen” made of concrete is one having the maximum nominal size of the aggregate greater than 25 mm. d) The strain-measuring device shall be capable of measuring the
35、 range of strains over one year without change in calibration. NOTE 2 Systems in which the varying strains are compared with a constant-length standard bar are considered the most reliable. 5 Test specimens 5.1 General Cylinders of 100 mm diameter may be used for creep determinations, but the specim
36、en size shall be selected so that requirements in respect to maximum aggregate size given in ISO 1920-3:2005, 4.1, are satisfied. Test specimens shall be moulded cylinders prepared in accordance with ISO 1920-3, and the cylinders shall conform to ISO 1920-4:2005, 3.1. BS ISO 1920-9:2009ISO 1920-9:20
37、09(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved5.2 Number of specimens For each test condition, not less than nine cylinders of the same size shall be made from a given batch of concrete. Of these cylinders, a minimum of a) three shall be tested for compressive strength, b) three shall be loaded and observed f
38、or deformation, and c) three shall remain unloaded for use as controls for deformations from causes other than loads. 5.3 End preparation Specimens that are perpendicular to the axis within 0,5 may be capped or used against end plates. Specimens beyond this tolerance shall be sawn and re-checked for
39、 conformity prior to capping or use with end plates. The ends of specimens shall meet the plainness requirements of ISO 1920-4. IMPORTANT The alignment of the axes of the individual specimens is critical and the end preparation necessary to achieve this alignment is likewise critical. Great care mus
40、t be exercised in achieving the plainness and perpendicularity within the tolerances specified. The requirements for plainness and perpendicularity may be met by capping with Portland cement mortar or sulfur, by lapping, or at the time of casting by fitting the ends with steel bearing plates normal
41、to the axis of the specimen. The necessary axiality may also be achieved by bonding the specimens together with a thin layer of epoxy resin using a suitable jig. 5.4 Fixing gauge points Gauge points shall be cast-in or fixed to the creep and control specimens prior to testing. Where gauge points are
42、 to be attached to the surface of specimens, this should be done in sufficient time to allow checking of their stability prior to the time of loading. 6 Procedure 6.1 Curing and storage 6.1.1 General The duration of curing and storage of all specimens (creep, control and compression test specimens)
43、prior to loading shall be 28 days. This shall consist of a) initial curing conditions for 24 h 4 h (see 6.1.2), b) standard moist curing conditions to age 7 days (see 6.1.3), and c) standard drying conditions to age 28 days (see 6.1.4). The storage of loaded and control specimens shall be carried ou
44、t under standard drying conditions. 6.1.2 Initial curing conditions Specimens shall be stored undisturbed in their moulds on a rigid horizontal surface in the relevant conditions required in ISO 1920-3:2004, Clause 7. The storage period shall be not less than 20 h or more than 28 h under these condi
45、tions. BS ISO 1920-9:2009ISO 1920-9:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 56.1.3 Standard moist curing conditions Standard moist curing conditions shall be in accordance with the requirements for standard moist curing specified in ISO 1920-3. 6.1.4 Standard drying conditions Standard drying condition
46、s shall be in accordance with ISO 1920-8:2009, 5.1. 6.2 Measurement The procedure for the measurement of strain is as follows. a) On the same day that the creep specimens are loaded, determine the compressive strength of the concrete on at least three companion specimens, in accordance with ISO 1920
47、-4. b) Determine the stress to be applied to the test specimens. The stress shall not exceed one-third of the average compressive strength as determined in a) above. Lower levels of stress are permitted when specified. Where the stress is not one-third of the average compressive strength, this fact
48、and the actual load shall be recorded in the test report. c) Prior to the creep specimens being placed in the loading frame, seal each end of the control specimens to prevent loss of moisture from these surfaces. NOTE Loss of moisture from the end surfaces of control specimens can be prevented by co
49、vering the ends with a coating of epoxy resin or other sealant that will remain effective for the duration of the test. d) Place the creep test specimens with gauge points attached in the loading frame and align the specimens so as to even the load as much as possible. In placing creep specimens in the frame, care should be taken in aligning the specimens to avoid eccentric loading. When cylinders are stacked and external gauges are used, it may be helpful to apply a small preload such that the resultant stress
