1、Paints and varnishes WettabilityPart 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tensionBS ISO 194034:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Paints and varnishes Wettability Part 4
2、: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tensionPeintures et vernis Mouillabilit Partie 4: Dtermination des fractions polaires et disperses de la tension de surface des liquides partir de la tension interfaciableINTERNATIONAL STANDAR
3、DISO19403-4First edition2017-06Reference numberISO 19403-4:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 194034:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/10, Test methods for paints.A list of organizations represented on thi
4、s committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 87397 3ICS
5、01.040.87; 87.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS
6、ISO 194034:2017 ISO 2017Paints and varnishes Wettability Part 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tensionPeintures et vernis Mouillabilit Partie 4: Dtermination des fractions polaires et disperses de la tension de surface des l
7、iquides partir de la tension interfaciableINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19403-4First edition2017-06Reference numberISO 19403-4:2017(E)BS ISO 194034:2017ISO 19403-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise sp
8、ecified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or
9、 ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 194034:2017ISO 19403-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO
10、 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permissi
11、on. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 19403-4:2017(E)Foreword i
12、v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus and materials 26 Sampling 47 Procedure. 47.1 General . 47.1.1 Setting up the drop contour analysis device 47.1.2 Test conditions. 47.1.3 Cleaning and conditioning of the reference liquid 47.2 Determination of the
13、 interfacial tension of the liquid 57.2.1 Preparations 57.2.2 Procedure . 57.3 Determination of the surface tension of liquids . 68 Evaluation 68.1 General . 68.2 Calculation of the dispersive fraction of the surface tension in accordance with Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble . 68.3 Calculation of the disp
14、ersive fraction of the surface tension in accordance with Wu . 68.4 Calculation of the polar fraction of the surface tension of the liquid . 79 Precision . 710 Test report . 7Bibliography 8 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 194034:2017ISO 19403-4:2017(E)ForewordISO (the Internation
15、al Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been e
16、stablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standard
17、ization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
18、with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
19、 any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endor
20、sement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
21、URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.A list of all parts in the ISO 19403 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS IS
22、O 194034:2017ISO 19403-4:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intere
23、sted in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
24、Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documen
25、ts should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsib
26、le for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given f
27、or the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles
28、 in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.A list of all parts in the ISO 19403 series can be f
29、ound on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19403-4:2017(E)Paints and varnishes Wettability Part 4: Determination of the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension1 ScopeThis document specifies a test method to
30、determine the polar and dispersive fraction of the surface tension of liquids with optical methods. The method can be applied for the characterization of liquid coating materials, especially when drying effects occur during measurement. The applicability can be restricted for liquids with non-Newton
31、ian rheology1).This document assumes that the information of surface tension of the liquid to be tested, as well as at least one suitable reference liquid, is known.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes r
32、equirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1409, Plastics/rubber Polymer dispersions and rubber latices (natural and synthetic) Determination of surfa
33、ce tension by the ring methodISO 4618, Paints and varnishes Terms and definitionsISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes SamplingISO 19403-1, Paints and varnishes Wettability Part 1: Terminology and general principlesISO 19403-3, Paints and varnishes Wettability Part
34、3: Determination of the surface tension of liquids using the pendant drop methodEN 14370, Surface active agents Determination of surface tension3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and ISO 19403-1 apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminologi
35、cal databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp4 PrincipleOne drop of the respective liquid to be tested is reproduced within an optical cel
36、l, which is completely filled with a reference liquid, hanging from or ascending from a needle. The reproduced drop shall deviate significantly from the spherical shape due to its mass difference from the reference liquid. 1) This term is defined in DIN 1342-1. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 1
37、94034:2017ISO 19403-4:2017(E)The interfacial tension is calculated from the shape of the reproduced pendant or ascending drop in accordance with the Young-Laplace equation. The polar and dispersive fraction of the surface tension of the liquid to be tested can be determined from the obtained interfa
38、cial tension and the known surface tensions of the liquid to be tested and the reference liquid.5 Apparatus and materialsOrdinary laboratory apparatus, together with the following.5.1 Drop contour analysis system, for measurement of the surface tension of pendant drops.Any state-of-the-art drop cont
39、our analysis system with digital image capture and analysis. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show a schematic example of a drop contour analysis system.Key1 light source2 dosing unit with graduated microsyringe3 optical cell4 image taking and analysing unit5 screenFigure 1 Drop contour analysis system with pe
40、ndant drop2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 194034:2017ISO 19403-4:2017(E)The interfacial tension is calculated from the shape of the reproduced pendant or ascending drop in accordance with the Young-Laplace equation. The polar and dispersive fraction of the surface tension of the liquid to be te
41、sted can be determined from the obtained interfacial tension and the known surface tensions of the liquid to be tested and the reference liquid.5 Apparatus and materialsOrdinary laboratory apparatus, together with the following.5.1 Drop contour analysis system, for measurement of the surface tension
42、 of pendant drops.Any state-of-the-art drop contour analysis system with digital image capture and analysis. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show a schematic example of a drop contour analysis system.Key1 light source2 dosing unit with graduated microsyringe3 optical cell4 image taking and analysing unit5 scr
43、eenFigure 1 Drop contour analysis system with pendant drop2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 19403-4:2017(E)Key1 light source2 dosing unit with graduated microsyringe3 optical cell4 image taking and analysing unit5 screenFigure 2 Drop contour analysis system with ascending dropThe image taking syste
44、m should be oriented in a way that the optimal image resolution ratio (ratio of width and height) can be used.NOTE The device used can differ from the schematic diagram in regard to light path and the set-up of the components.5.2 Dosing unit.The dosing unit makes it possible to dose a pendant liquid
45、 drop, which deviates significantly from the spherical shape due to its own mass, on a circular-cylindrical needle with constant wall thickness within the detection area of the camera.The needle used can be straight or bent in a J-shape.J-shaped needles, whose free end points upwards are necessary w
46、hen the density of the liquid to be tested, is lower than the density of the reference liquid.For the measurement of the surface tension on the pendant or ascending drop, usually a larger outside diameter of the needle is needed than for the measurement of the contact angle on the horizontal drop. T
47、he outside diameters of the needles used shall be in the range between 0,5 mm and 2,5 mm. The ideal outside diameter of the needle depends on the relationship between the interfacial tension, LR, and the density difference, LR= L R, of the liquid to be tested, L, and the reference liquid, R. The hig
48、her the quotient, LR/LR, the larger should be the outside diameter of the needle.5.3 Optical cell.The optical cell used shall have plane and side walls running parallel to each other. Through these sides made of optically impeccable clear-transparent materials (e.g. made of glass or insoluble, optic
49、ally useable plastic), the observation of the formed drop is carried out in a way so that a representation ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 194034:2017ISO 19403-4:2017(E)without optical errors is possible. In addition, the inner and outer walls of the optical cell shall be free of contaminations (e.g. finger prints, adhering particles and surfactants).5.4 Reference liquids.The reference liquid to be used and the liquid to be tested shall not be miscible and shall be
