1、BS ISO 19594:2017Graphic technology Testmethod for the determinationof the binding strength forperfect-bound products Page-pull test workingupwardsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 19594:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard
2、 is the UK implementation of ISO 19594:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/43, Graphic technology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the n
3、ecessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 91303 7 ICS 37.100.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Stand
4、ard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 19594:2017 ISO 2017Graphic technology Test method for the determination of the binding strength for perfect-bound
5、products Page-pull test working upwardsTechnologie graphique Mthodes dessai pour la dtermination de la force de fixation des produits reliure colle Essai de traction de page vers le hautINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO19594First edition2017-02Reference numberISO 19594:2017(E)BS ISO 19594:2017ISO 19594:2017
6、(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or post
7、ing on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22
8、 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 19594:2017ISO 19594:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 25.1 Material testing system 25.2 Test fixture 35.2.1 Equipment on the upper traverse . 35.2.2 Downholder . 46 Test
9、 preparation . 56.1 General . 56.2 Sampling . 66.3 Conditioning 66.4 Insertion of the specimen 66.5 Application of the preload . 76.6 Fixing the test sheet 86.7 Execution of the pull procedure . 96.8 Calculation of the binding strength 106.9 Calculation of the coefficient of variation . 107 Precisio
10、n 118 Report .11Annex A (informative) Quality levels for the binding strength based on page-pull tests .12Annex B (informative) Quality levels for the consistency of the binding quality 13Bibliography .14 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 19594:2017ISO 19594:2017(E)ForewordISO (the
11、 International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committe
12、e has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechni
13、cal standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in
14、 accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
15、. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constit
16、ute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso
17、/ foreword .html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 19594:2017ISO 19594:2017(E)IntroductionPerfect binding is the most frequently used block-binding technique for brochures and books. The page-pull test, the only establ
18、ished method for the quality assessment of perfect bindings available today, plays an important role in the process control and quality verification.The page-pull test has historically been performed using different procedures and devices. Test results5showed significant variations between devices.
19、This document aims to harmonize the testing procedure, the testing equipment and the evaluation of the test results.Within a research project, the following essential test parameters were identified as influencing the test results of page-pull tests1: test position (front, middle or rear part of the
20、 book block); specimen alignment in relation to the pull force direction; specimen opening and fixing during the page-pull test.There are many products showing homogeneous test results independent of the test position. However, there are also products showing differences within the book block, even
21、including sheet-to-sheet deviations. Therefore, it is recommended that there should be agreement on page-specific test positions and that these should be communicated with the particular results.Book blocks show large differences in their opening behaviour. Products with a significant clamp usually
22、show no differences of the test sheet alignment in different test positions. Products with a good lay-flat behaviour usually show significant bending of the test sheet in the area of the spine if tested in a non-centered test position. To avoid known measurement errors, a straight alignment of the t
23、est sheet is essential. A technical means to ensure this is the possibility to tilt the opened book block depending on the particular test position.Non-specified loads on specimens need to be avoided to ensure the absence of preliminary stress on the binding. Therefore, the opening process of the sp
24、ecimen needs to be controlled. The opening angle of the specimen may be standardized by the shape of a book block opening device. The intensity of the opening is determined by the force applied during the opening process and the shape of the device. These settings influence the degree of freedom of
25、movement of the specimen during the page-pull test procedure and thus the warping of the spine. A too low degree of freedom leads to an unrealistically frequent occurrence of paper ruptures, while the opposite may lead to a lifting of the whole book block. The provisions for the opening and fixing o
26、f the specimen are realized within this document by the definition of the shape and the force of a downholder. These settings have a significant influence on the test results.The page-pull speed within a reasonable range, shows no significant influence on the test results. Therefore, in harmonizatio
27、n with ISO 1924-2, the page-pull speed was chosen to be 20 mm/min. This condition results in a non-linear force development during the test.The test results need to be evaluated in a consistent manner. An evaluation schema that has been proven by long industry practice is given in Annex A.Devices pe
28、rforming the page-pull test by pulling downwards create different measurement values from those pulling upwards. This results from the different block positioning due to gravity and the mass of the book block.The pull test described in this document was developed to ensure a high level of reproducib
29、ility and comparability between laboratories. For internal quality assurance during production, devices with a lesser degree of comparability may be used. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 19594:2017BS ISO 19594:2017Graphic technology Test method for the determination of the binding strength for
30、perfect-bound products Page-pull test working upwards1 ScopeThis document specifies a test method for the determination of the binding strength of perfect-bound products by pulling out single sheets from the book block in an upward direction.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred
31、 to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling
32、to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limi
33、t (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/
34、ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1binding strengthquality measure of the binding quality of a perfect-bound productNote 1 to entry: Ratio between the pull-out force of a single sheet and the spine length.3.2book blockpart of a case-bound book or brochure, con
35、sisting of a trimmed or untrimmed bound block of sheets, prior to the application of the book case or cover3.3glue penetrationuncontrolled and inhomogeneous penetration (several millimetres) of glue between the sheets of a book block (3.2)3.4special sheetsheet of the book block with potentially diff
36、erent properties from those of the majority of the sheets of that book block (3.2)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19594:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 19594:2017ISO 19594:2017(E)3.5specimensingle test object, consisting either of a perfect-bound book (soft cover), a case-bound book (hard co
37、ver) or a perfect-bound book block (3.2) (intermediate product)3.6spine lengthlength of the spine of a book block (3.2), equal to the height of the book block3.7test fixtureapparatus to fix the specimen (3.5) on the test device during testing3.8test positionposition of the test sheet (3.9) given as
38、a percentage of the total number of pages3.9test sheetsheet of the book block (3.2) chosen to be tested according to this document4 PrincipleThe binding strength is evaluated by pulling out a single sheet from the book block using a material testing system and a specified test fixture. The test is p
39、erformed in such a way that the test sheet is clamped on the complete fore edge while the opened book block is fixed at the specimen holder with a specified preload. The test sheet is pulled out upwards by a force acting perpendicular to the binding edge. The maximum force resulting from the pull-ou
40、t procedure is measured. The binding strength of the specimen is calculated by dividing the maximum force by the spine length of the book block.5 Apparatus5.1 Material testing systemThe material testing system shall be constructed as a twin-column device that shall be able to perform tensile testing
41、 and to apply a preload. It contains an upper moveable traverse, where the force transducer is located. The horizontal working space of the material testing system is determined by the maximum spine length of the products tested. A scheme of the material testing system, including the test fixture (s
42、ee 5.2), is shown in Figure 1.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 19594:2017ISO 19594:2017(E)12345678 891011121Key1 load frame 7 downholder2 upper traverse 8 downholder locking mechanism (e.g. pneumatic)3 force transducer 9 test sheet4 vertical guide 10 specimen (bound product)5 sheet clamping unit
43、 11 specimen holder6 sheet clamping mechanism (e.g. pneumatic) 12 counterweight of the downholderFigure 1 Scheme of the page pull-test device5.2 Test fixture5.2.1 Equipment on the upper traverse5.2.1.1 Vertical guideThe vertical guide is positioned between the force transducer and the sheet clamping
44、 unit. The vertical guide consists of two parts. The connection between the two parts consists of a centered compensator and means of alignment on both sides. During the application of the preload, both parts lock positively and they are therefore rigid. During tensile testing, both parts are unlock
45、ed and flexible to allow tilting.5.2.1.2 Sheet clamping unitThe sheet clamping unit is positioned between the vertical guide and the downholder. The sheet clamping unit consists of two bars designed to clamp the test sheet. During testing, the two bars are closed with a gap remaining. For clamping t
46、he test sheet, this gap will be closed. The clamping position of the test sheet shall not change during the test (no slippage). ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 19594:2017ISO 19594:2017(E)The clamping procedure may be performed either manually or automatically.5.2.2 DownholderThe downholder is a
47、 separate bar that is used to fix the opened book block on the specimen holder. It shall contain a gap to allow for the feeding through of the test sheet.The downholder may be constructed as two separate bars with a hinge to make it easier to feed through the test sheet.The essential part of the dow
48、nholder is shown in Figure 2.rxayxFigure 2 Dimensions of the downholderKeyy 297 mmx 10 mm 0,5 mma 2 mm 0,3 mmr 2 mm 0,3 mm 30 1The downholder shall be adjustable in vertical direction and shall be fixed horizontally, parallel to the specimen holder. The vertical position of the downholder during tes
49、ting shall be fixable. The clamping position of the downholder shall not change during the test.The clamping procedure may be performed either manually or automatically (e.g. pneumatically).NOTE For material testing systems with two moveable traverses, the downholder can be vertically non-adjustable.To prevent adverse influences on the measurement results, uncontrolled resting of the downholder on the book block shall be avoided.4 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 19594:2017ISO 19594:2017(E)This may b
