1、BS ISO 20332:2016Cranes Proof of competenceof steel structuresBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 20332:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 20332:2016.The UK participation in its preparation w
2、as entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The
3、 British Standards Institution 2016 .Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 81402 0ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 J
4、une 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 20332:2016 ISO 2016Cranes Proof of competence of steel structuresAppareils de levage charge suspendue Vrification daptitude des charpentes en acierINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO20332Second edition2016-06-01Reference
5、 numberISO 20332:2016(E)BS ISO 20332:2016ISO 20332:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, el
6、ectronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vern
7、ier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 20332:2016ISO 20332:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents Foreword . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 2 4 General 8 4.1 General princi
8、ples . 8 4.2 Documentation . 8 4.3 Alternative methods . 8 4.4 Materials of structural members . 8 4.5 Bolted connections . 11 4.5.1 Bolt materials . 11 4.5.2 General . 11 4.5.3 Shear and bearing connections . 11 4.5.4 Friction grip type (slip resistant) connections 12 4.5.5 Connections loaded in te
9、nsion . 12 4.6 Pinned connections 12 4.7 Welded connections 12 4.8 Proof-of-competence for structural members and connections . 13 5 Proof of static strength . 13 5.1 General . 13 5.2 Limit design stresses and forces . 14 5.2.1 General . 14 5.2.2 Limit design stress in structural members . 14 5.2.3
10、Limit design forces in bolted connections . 15 5.2.4 Limit design forces in pinned connections 23 5.2.5 Limit design stresses in welded connections . 27 5.3 Execution of the proof . 29 5.3.1 Proof for structural members 29 5.3.2 Proof for bolted connections 29 5.3.3 Proof for pinned connections . 29
11、 5.3.4 Proof for welded connections 30 6 Proof of fatigue strength 31 6.1 General . 31 6.2 Limit design stresses . 32 6.2.1 Characteristic fatigue strength 32 6.2.2 Weld quality 33 6.2.3 Requirements for fatigue testing 34 6.3 Stress histories 35 6.3.1 Determination of stress histories . 35 6.3.2 Fr
12、equency of occurrence of stress cycles . 35 6.3.3 Stress history parameter . 36 6.3.4 Determination of stress history class, S . 39 6.4 Execution of the proof . 40 6.5 Determination of the limit design stress range . 40 6.5.1 Applicable methods . 40 6.5.2 Direct use of stress history parameter . 40
13、BS ISO 20332:2016ISO 20332:2016(E) iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved6.5.3 Use of S classes 41 6.5.4 Independent concurrent normal and/or shear stresses . 42 7 Proof of elastic stability . 43 7.1 General . 43 7.2 Lateral buckling of members loaded in compression . 43 7.2.1 Critical buckling load 43 7.2
14、.2 Limit compressive design force 44 7.3 Buckling of plate fields subjected to compressive and shear stresses . 46 7.3.1 General . 46 7.3.2 Limit design stress with respect to longitudinal stress x48 7.3.3 Limit design stress with respect to transverse stress y. 50 7.3.4 Limit design stress with res
15、pect to shear stress . 51 7.4 Execution of the proof 52 7.4.1 Members loaded in compression . 52 7.4.2 Plate fields 52 Annex A (informative) Limit design shear force, Fv,Rd, in shank per bolt and per shear plane for multiple shear plane connections . 54 Annex B (informative) Preloaded bolts 55 Annex
16、 C (normative) Design weld stresses, w,Sdand w,Sd. 57 Annex D (normative) Values of slope constant, m, and characteristic fatigue strength, c, c61 Annex E (normative) Calculated values of limit design stress range, Rdand Rd,185 Annex F (informative) Evaluation of stress cycles Example . 87 Annex G (
17、informative) Calculation of stiffnesses for connections loaded in tension . 89 Bibliography . 92 BS ISO 20332:2016ISO 20332:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodie
18、s). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and n
19、ongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are descr
20、ibed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn t
21、o the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the
22、ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
23、 as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 10, Design principles and requ
24、irements. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20332:2008), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 20332:2016BS ISO 20332:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20332:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1Cranes Proof of competence of steel structures 1 Scope This Internationa
25、l Standard sets forth general conditions, requirements, methods, and parameter values for performing proofofcompetence determinations of the steel structures of cranes based upon the limit state method. It is intended to be used together with the loads and load combinations of the applicable parts o
26、f ISO 8686. This International Standard is general and covers cranes of all types. Other International Standards can give specific proofofcompetence requirements for particular crane types. Proofofcompetence determinations, by theoretical calculations and/or testing, are intended to prevent hazards
27、related to the performance of the structure by establishing the limits of strength, e.g. yield, ultimate, fatigue, and brittle fracture. According to ISO 86861 there are two general approaches to proofofcompetence calculations: the limit state method, employing partial safety factors, and the allowa
28、ble stress method, employing a global safety factor. Though it does not preclude the validity of allowable stress methodology, ISO 20332 deals tonly with the limit sta e method. Proofofcompetence calculations for components of accessories (e.g. handrails, stairs, walkways, cabins) are not covered by
29、 this International Standard. However, the influence of such attachments on the main structure needs to be considered. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onl
30、y the edition cited applies. For undated test edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. references, the la, Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact art 1: Test method ISO 1481:2009 test Psteners Clearance holes for bolts and screws ISO 273:1979, FaISO 2862:2010, Geomet
31、rical product specifications (GPS) ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts. Corrected by /Cor 1:2013. ISO 2862:2010el and steel products General technical delivery requirements ISO 404:1992, SteISO 8981:201
32、3, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Part 1: Bolts, with specified property classes C arse thread and fine pitch thread screws and studs osteners Electroplated coatings ISO 4042:1999, FaISO 43011:2016, Cranes and lifting appliances Classification Part 1: General
33、 BS ISO 20332:2016ISO 20332:2016(E) 2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedISO 43061:2007ISO 5817:2014, Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding lity levels for imperfections , Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General excluded) QuaHot-rolled steel plates Tolerances on d
34、imensions and shape ISO 7452:2013, el Surface finish of hot-rolled plates and wide flats Delivery requirements ISO 7788:1985, Ste012, Cranes Design principles for loads and load combinations Part 1: GeneralISO 86861:2 Cranes Design principles for loads and load combinations Part 2: Mobile crane ISO
35、86862, sCranes Design principles for loads and load combinations Part 3: Tower cranes ISO 86863, Cranes Design principles for loads and load combinations Part 4: Jib cranes ISO 86864, ISO 86865, Cranes Design principles for loads and load combinations Part 5: Overhead travelling e cranes and portal
36、bridgISO 9013:2002, Thermal cutting Classification of thermal cuts Geometrical product specification and s quality toleranceISO 9587:2007, Metallic and other inorganic coatings Pretreatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk embrittlement of hydrogenISO 12100, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, g
37、eneral principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction ISO 15330:1999, Fasteners Preloading test for the detection of hydrogen embrittlement Parallel ethod bearing surface mISO 17659:2002, Welding Multilingual terms for welded joints with illustrations 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbr
38、eviated terms For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100, ISO 17659, ISO 43061:2007, Clause 6, and the following terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms (see Table 1) apply. 3.1 grade of steel marking that defines the strength of steel, usually defining
39、 yield stress, fy, sometimes also ultimate strength, fu3.2 quality of steel marking that defines the impact toughness and test temperature of steel BS ISO 20332:2016ISO 20332:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3Table 1 Main symbols and abbreviations used in this International Standard Symbol Descr
40、iption A Crosssection AeqEquivalent area for calculation AnNet crosssectional area at bolt or pin holes ArMinor area of the bolt A SStress area of the bolt a Geometric dimension ahiGeometric dimension for weld penetration arEffective weld thickness b Geometric dimension c Geometric dimension DADiame
41、ter of available cylinder of clamped material DiInner diameter of hollow pin DoOuter diameter of hollow pin d Diameter (shank of bolt, pin) dhDiametr ofthe oledwDiameter of the contact area of the bolt head d0iametroheoleE Modulus of elasticity e1, e2Edge distances F Force FbTensile force in bolt F
42、b,RdLimit design bearing force Fb,SF,Sdd, biDesign bearing force FbAdditional force FcrReduction in the compression force due to external tension Fcs,RdLimit design tensile force FdLimit force Fe,tExternal force (onbolted connection) FkCharacteristic value (force) FpPreloading force in bolt BS ISO 2
43、0332:2016ISO 20332:2016(E) 4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedTable 1 (continued) Symbols Description Fp,dDesign preloading force FRdLimit design force F SdDesign force of the element Fds,RLimit design slip force per bolt and friction interface Ft1,Rd, F2,RdtLimit design tensile forces per bolt Ft,SdExte
44、rnal tensile force per bolt Fv,RdLimit design shear force per bolt/pin and shear plane Fv,SdDesign shear force per bolt/pin and shear plane F,Acting normal/shear force f Outofplane imperfection of plate field f b,Rd,xLimit design compressive longitudinal stress fb,Rd,yLimit design compressive transv
45、erse stress fb,Rd,Limit design buckling shear stress fdLimit stress f kCharacteristic value (stress) fRdLimit design stress fuUltimate strength of material fubUltimate strength of bolts fuwUltimate strength of the weld fw, RdLimit design weld stress fyYield stress of material or 0,2 % offset yield s
46、trength fybYield stress of bolts fykYield stress (minimum value) of base material or member fypYield stress of pins h Thickness of workpiece hdDistance between weld and contact area of acting load I Moment of inertia KbStiffness (slope) of bolt KcStiffness (slope) of flanges kmStress spectrum factor
47、 based on m of the detail under consideration BS ISO 20332:2016ISO 20332:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 5Table 1 (continued) Symbols Description k* Specific spectrum ratio factor kx, kBuckling factors for plate fields L Length of compressed member l kEffective clamped length lmGauge length for
48、 imperfection of plate field l rEffective weld length lwWeld length l1Effective length for tension without threat l2Effective length for tension with threat MRdLimit design bending moment MSdDesign bending moment m (Negative inverse) slope constant of log /log N curve N Number of stress cycles to fa
49、ilure by fatigue N cCompressive force NkCritical buckling load of compressed member N RdLimit design compressive force NSdDesign compressive force NrefNumber of cycles at the reference point NtTotal number of occurrences NC Notch class NDT Nondestructive testing niNumber of stress cycles with stress amplitude of range i n Number of equally loaded bolts P sProbability of survival p1, p2Distances between bolt centres
