1、BS ISO 21018-4:2016Hydraulic fluid power Monitoring the level of particulate contamination in the fluidPart 4: Use of the light extinction techniqueBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 21018-4:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Stand
2、ard is the UK implementation of ISO 21018-4:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MCE/18/-/6, Contamination control.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to inclu
3、de all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 81078 7 ICS 23.100.60 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This B
4、ritish Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 21018-4:2016 ISO 2016Hydraulic fluid power Monitoring the level of particulate contamination in the fl
5、uid Part 4: Use of the light extinction techniqueTransmissions hydrauliques Surveillance du niveau de pollution particulaire des fluides Partie 4: Technique dabsorption de lumireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO21018-4First edition2016-11-01Reference numberISO 21018-4:2016(E)BS ISO 21018-4:2016ISO 21018-4:2
6、016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or p
7、osting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41
8、 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 21018-4:2016ISO 21018-4:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Health and safety 25 Equipment . 25.1 General . 25.2 Equipment for online and off-line calibration and verification 26 Operating proc
9、edures . 36.1 General . 36.2 Operating from a pressurized line for the field contamination monitor 46.2.1 General 46.2.2 Procedure . 46.3 Operating from a system reservoir for the field contamination monitor 46.3.1 General 46.3.2 Procedure . 56.4 Operating from a bulk container for the field contami
10、nation monitor 56.4.1 General 56.4.2 Procedure . 66.5 Operating from a sample bottle for the field contamination monitor 66.5.1 General 66.5.2 Procedure . 77 Calibration and verification procedure 77.1 General principles 77.2 Required equipment 77.3 Determination of particle concentration limits 77.
11、4 Calibration 88 Reporting of results of calibration and verification procedure 99 Test report 1010 Identification statement 10Bibliography .11 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 21018-4:2016ISO 21018-4:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wor
12、ldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
13、 that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this d
14、ocument and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Direc
15、tives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the develop
16、ment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO spe
17、cific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/
18、TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 6, Contamination control.ISO 21018 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hydraulic fluid power Monitoring the level of particulate contamination of the fluid: Part 1: General principles Part 3: Use of the filter blockage technique Part
19、4: Use of the light extinction techniqueiv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 21018-4:2016ISO 21018-4:2016(E)IntroductionIn hydraulic fluid power systems, power is transmitted through a liquid under pressure within a closed circuit. The liquid is both a lubricant and a power-transmitting medium. The
20、 presence of solid contaminant particles in the liquid interferes with the ability of the hydraulic liquid to lubricate and causes wear. The extent of contamination in the liquid has a direct bearing on the performance and reliability of the system and should be controlled to an appropriate level.Qu
21、antitative determination of particulate contamination requires precision both in obtaining a representative sample of the liquid and the measurement of the contamination. The awareness of the benefits of cleanliness monitoring has led to the development of instruments that operate online (i.e. direc
22、tly connected to a system) in an attempt to reduce measurement errors that are inherent with bottle samples. Automatic particle counters (APC) and monitors have been developed and are extensively used.Instruments using this technique have become widely used in the industry and an International Stand
23、ard is required in order to standardize operating procedures. This part of ISO 21018 defines procedures for the use of light extinction instruments in evaluating the cleanliness level of a hydraulic liquid. It also includes procedures for calibrating and verifying that the instruments are operating
24、correctly to ensure consistent results. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 21018-4:2016BS ISO 21018-4:2016Hydraulic fluid power Monitoring the level of particulate contamination in the fluid Part 4: Use of the light extinction technique1 ScopeThis part of ISO 21018 specifies a method for the deter
25、mination of the particulate contamination level using the light extinction technique (also known as light blockage or light obscuration) either online or off-line in containers. It also defines procedures for calibrating the instruments and verifying their correct operation both in the laboratory an
26、d in service.In general, the techniques described in this part of ISO 21018 are suitable for monitoring the general cleanliness level in hydraulic systems, the progress in flushing operations, and support equipment and test rigs.The use of this method is applicable to single-phase liquid systems onl
27、y.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amen
28、dments) applies.ISO 3722, Hydraulic fluid power Fluid sample containers Qualifying and controlling cleaning methodsISO 4021, Hydraulic fluid power Particulate contamination analysis Extraction of fluid samples from lines of an operating systemISO 5598, Fluid power systems and components VocabularyIS
29、O 11171:2010, Hydraulic fluid power Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquidsISO 16889, Hydraulic fluid power Filters Multi-pass method for evaluating filtration performance of a filter elementISO 119431), Hydraulic fluid power On-line automatic particle-counting systems for liquids Met
30、hods of calibration and validation3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5598 and the following apply.1) To be published. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21018-4:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 21018-4:2016ISO 21018-4:2016(E)3.1light
31、extinctionreduction in intensity of a light beam passing through the sensing volume caused by the interaction of the light with single particlesSOURCE: ISO 11500:2008, 3.33.2extraneous contaminationcontamination that is not an integral part of the fluid from which a sample was taken, but was introdu
32、ced into the sample from another sourceNote 1 to entry: Extraneous contamination increases the measured level of contamination such that the sample appears to be more contaminated than it really is.4 Health and safetyOperate the instrument in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Follow lo
33、cal health and safety procedures at all times.WARNING The use of this International Standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of
34、this International Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.5 Equipment5.1 GeneralIf the analysis is performed using sample bottles or containers (see 6.5), sampling apparatus (see 5.2.1) could be required. S
35、uch apparatus shall avoid introducing contamination when the inlet hose is inserted. For the process of calibration and verification of correct operation, use the equipment detailed in 5.2.5.2 Equipment for online and off-line calibration and verification5.2.1 Bottle sampling apparatus, for transfer
36、ring the calibration or verification sample to the instrument. If a pressure chamber is used to force the liquid through the device at constant pressure, a suitable source of filtered, dried and regulated air is required.5.2.2 Calibration and verification dust, test dust, designated RM8631, used for
37、 calibration or verification or both, shall have a size distribution measured using an automatic particle counter (APC) calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171 or ISO 11943. RM8631 is available from NIST and consists of 20 g of dry dust taken from the same lot as the dust in SRM 2806 and is provided
38、 with reference values from 1 micron to 50 microns.5.2.3 Flushing fluid, separate fluid compatible with the verification fluid for flushing the instrument prior to verification. The fluid shall be pre-cleaned to fewer than 15 particles sized 4 m(c)/mL or no more than 0,5 % of the expected population
39、 of the smallest measured particle size.NOTE The unit m(c) refers to particle sizes determined using an APC calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171 or ISO 11943.5.2.4 Oven, non-circulating, capable of providing a temperature, controlled to 5 C, between 100 C and 150 C for drying the test dust. For d
40、rying the calibration and verification dust (refer to 5.2.2).2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 21018-4:2016ISO 21018-4:2016(E)5.2.5 Reference particle counter, an APC calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171 or ISO 11943.5.2.6 Sample agitating device, suitable for re-dispersing the contaminant wit
41、hin the contents of the sample bottle, such as an ultrasonic bath rated at 3 000 W/m2to 10 000 W/m2of base area, or a three-axis shaker. The agitating device shall not alter the basic size distribution of the test dust or the contaminants in samples being analysed.5.2.7 Sample bottles, cleaned and v
42、alidated in accordance with ISO 3722. Use the following Required Cleanliness Levels (RCLs):a) for sample bottles used for mixing the test dust: 50 mm2/sat the test temperature, a longer agitation time can be necessary.NOTE 2 The viscosity can be reduced by the addition of clean solvent (5.2.8) befor
43、e shaking.6.5.2.4 Flush the external surfaces of the sampling tube with filtered solvent, then immerse the tube in the sample bottle to approximately 5 mm above the base. Do not allow the end of the pipe to touch the bottom of the bottle.6.5.2.5 Operate the instrument (and the bottle sampling appara
44、tus if used) in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Initially flush the instrument with the sample liquid or perform a first analysis and discard the results. Make at least two further analyses and compare the results.6.5.2.6 If the difference between successive analyses is greater than
45、one contamination code or the difference in particle counts is greater than 10 % at the smallest particle size being monitored, this indicates that the contents of the container might not be sufficiently homogeneously distributed. Repeat 6.5.2.2 to 6.5.2.5 as appropriate.6.5.2.7 Record the results.7
46、 Calibration and verification procedure7.1 General principlesParticle size calibration or verification of light extinction instruments shall be carried out using RM8631 test dust and performed using a test rig that conforms to ISO 11943. A calibration shall be conducted on new instruments or after m
47、ajor service, and at periodic intervals not to exceed one year. Verification of correct operation shall be carried out either using ISO 11943 or by using prepared suspensions of RM8631 test dust in the test liquid whose particle size distribution has been certified using a reference particle counter
48、 (5.2.5) whose calibration is traceable to ISO 11171 or ISO 11943.7.2 Required equipmentSome or all of the equipment listed in 5.2 are required.7.3 Determination of particle concentration limitsUse the procedures of ISO 11171:2010, Annex B to determine maximum particle concentration limits of each i
49、nstrument, or use the manufacturers recommended maximum levels obtained in a similar manner. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 21018-4:2016ISO 21018-4:2016(E)7.4 Calibration7.4.1 Perform a particle size calibration in accordance with ISO 11943, then verify the calibration in all other modes of instrument operation as applicable.NOTE Some instruments operate in multiple modes, such as pressure and suction. In such instances, the calibration (that is, adjusting of threshold values) can be performed in one
