1、BS ISO21072-1:2009ICS 13.020.99; 47.020.99NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDShips and marinetechnology Marine environmentprotection:performance testing ofoil skimmers Part 1: Moving water conditionsThis British Standard was published under the auth
2、ority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 55499 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 21072-1:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 21072:2009.The UK participation in its preparation
3、 was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SME/32/-/2, Ships and marine technology - Maritimeenvironment protection.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users
4、 are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 21072-1:2009Reference numberISO 21072-1:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO21072-1First edition2009-02-15Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection
5、: performance testing of oil skimmers Part 1: Moving water conditions Navires et technologie marine Protection de lenvironnement marin: essai de performance des cumeurs de ptrole Partie 1: Conditions en eau agite BS ISO 21072-1:2009ISO 21072-1:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedde
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9、ved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the request
10、er. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 21072-1:2009ISO 21072-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Int
11、roduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Test facility requirements 2 5 Clearance requirements. 4 6 Test parameters 4 6.1 General. 4 6.2 Test oil properties. 4 6.3 Oil slick thickness. 5 6.4 Skimmer operating parameters. 5 6.5 Debris interference . 5 7 Test pro
12、cedure 6 7.1 Preparations prior to testing . 6 7.2 Actions during test period . 6 7.3 Actions after testing . 7 8 Performance parameters . 8 9 Measurements and reporting 9 9.1 General. 9 9.2 Oil properties. 9 9.3 Environmental parameters 10 9.4 Skimmer operating parameters. 10 9.5 Other test paramet
13、ers. 10 9.6 Recovery parameters . 10 9.7 Performance parameters (calculated parameters) 10 9.8 Equipment specification and test documentation 11 10 Quality control. 11 10.1 Test duration and fluid volume . 11 10.2 Repetition 11 Annex A (informative) Guidelines for controlling the thickness of a cont
14、ained oil slick under the influence of water current 12 Bibliography . 15 BS ISO 21072-1:2009ISO 21072-1:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pr
15、eparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, i
16、n liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main tas
17、k of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attentio
18、n is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21072-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 2, Mar
19、ine environment protection. ISO 21072 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers: Part 1: Moving water conditions Part 2: Static water conditions Part 3: High viscosity oil BS ISO 21072-1:200
20、9ISO 21072-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO 21072 standardizes the performance of oil skimmers used in marine pollution control. Some oil skimmers have previously been performance-tested under non-standard conditions and procedures, with declared performance parameters being
21、of limited value to the end user, especially under field conditions. ISO 21072 provides for carrying out and recording the results of full-scale tests for a skimmer under a variety of test conditions. BS ISO 21072-1:2009BS ISO 21072-1:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21072-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All right
22、s reserved 1Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers Part 1: Moving water conditions 1 Scope This part of ISO 21072 provides a methodology for establishing quantitative performance data for oil skimmers under moving water conditions, so that the
23、end user can objectively judge, compare and evaluate the design and performance of different skimmer units. The methodology applies to testing in a basin and requires control of oil properties and oil slick characteristics. The method is applicable to all types of skimmers, provided that the equipme
24、nt dimensions are within the physical limitations of the test basin. The test procedure provides full-scale test results for the unit tested, under controlled conditions, and for one or more classes of oil. NOTE Care will need to be taken when applying the test results to the prediction of skimmer p
25、erformance under field conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
26、applies. ISO 16165, Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Terminology relating to oil spill response 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16165 and the following apply. 3.1 data collection period period of time within t
27、he steady-state period when recovered fluid is collected for establishing performance data 3.2 debris solid or semi-solid substance that could interfere with the operation of a spill control system BS ISO 21072-1:2009ISO 21072-1:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.3 emulsification factor EF amou
28、nt of water emulsified into the oil as a result of the skimming/pumping process, not including water originally in the test fluid NOTE It is expressed as a decimal fraction between 0 and 1. 3.4 fluid recovery rate FRR total volume of fluid recovered per unit time NOTE It is expressed in cubic metres
29、 per hour (m3/h). 3.5 recovery efficiency RE ratio of test fluid (oil or emulsion) recovered to the total volume of fluid recovered NOTE It is expressed as a percentage. 3.6 oil recovery rate ORR volume of test fluid (oil or emulsion) recovered per unit time NOTE It is expressed in cubic metres per
30、hour (m3/h). 3.7 oily phase oil that is water-free or incorporates emulsified or encapsulated water that does not readily separate out 3.8 oil skimmer skimmer mechanical device used to remove oil from the water surface 3.9 slick length average distance from the boom apex to the leading edge of the s
31、lick 3.10 slick leading edge upstream end of the slick; location where inflowing oil encounters the accumulated slick 3.11 steady-state period period of time during which the test conditions and operating parameters are constant or within acceptable variability ranges 4 Test facility requirements Th
32、is part of ISO 21072 is applicable to any test arrangement that allows for the control and monitoring of the test conditions. BS ISO 21072-1:2009ISO 21072-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3Possible arrangements may include, but are not limited to, one or another of the following: a vertical fl
33、ume tank; a horizontal flume tank or tow tank; any other such test facility that allows for the control and monitoring of the test conditions. Examples are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 1 Vertical flume Figure 2 Horizontal flume Key 1 towing bridge Figure 3 Tow tank The test facility shall be
34、designed and equipped to control the following parameters. Oil properties. The facility shall be able to maintain the oil properties for the duration of the test. Oil analytical equipment shall be available for measuring oil properties (see 9.2). Air and water temperature. Testing may be carried out
35、 at any water temperature, provided that requirements with respect to oil properties are met. The test temperature shall always be well above the pour point of the oil, unless the purpose is to assess the collection of non-flowing/semi-solid oil. The facility shall be able to maintain the water temp
36、erature in the test basin at a selected test temperature with maximum variation of 2,0 C. BS ISO 21072-1:2009ISO 21072-1:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved Oil distribution. The facility shall incorporate the means of providing and maintaining an oil slick of the thickness required for the test.
37、 Oil slick thickness. The test facility shall incorporate means of regularly measuring oil slick thickness throughout the test period, with a proven accuracy of at least 20 %. Measuring tanks. In order to provide for sufficient replicates during the test process, the test facility shall incorporate
38、a sufficient number of calibrated tanks for accurately measuring fluid recovery rate, oil recovery rate and water uptake. The tank volumes shall correspond to the expected recovery rate of the unit to be tested so as to provide data collection periods of sufficient duration and with sufficient measu
39、ring accuracy (see 10.1). 5 Clearance requirements Throughout testing, there shall be sufficient clearance between the skimmer and the tank walls and any containment device, so as not to restrict oil flow to the skimmer or otherwise impede normal operation of the unit. Since the necessary clearance
40、varies with oil viscosity and unit recovery rate, adequate oil flow shall be demonstrated in each specific case through oil flow observations or slick thickness measurements. The total width of the skimmer (including floats) shall not exceed 50 % of the tank width if oil flow is required to the down
41、stream side of the skimmer. Clearance between the unit and the tank floor shall be sufficient to not interfere with normal operations of the skimmer. 6 Test parameters 6.1 General Testing shall establish quantitative performance data for the unit as a function of the following parameters: the test o
42、il properties; the oil slick thickness; debris interference; the skimmer operating parameters. 6.2 Test oil properties Testing shall be carried out with oils meeting the specifications given in Table 1. To minimize problems associated with flow characteristics of waxy oils, testing shall be carried
43、out at water temperatures at least 3 C above the pour point of the test oil. Oil and emulsion viscosity shall be reported at shear rates of 1 s1, 10 s1and 100 s1. At least two of these shall be based on measurements, while the third may be determined by extrapolation. In this part of ISO 21072, oil
44、is categorized as non-emulsified (fresh) even if it contains up to 20 % water. Such oil may be used for testing as “water-free” oil, provided that the viscosity is within the ranges specified in Table 1. BS ISO 21072-1:2009ISO 21072-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5All oils and emulsions may
45、be reused, provided that the properties of the test fluids remain within the ranges defined in Table 1. Table 1 Ranges for oil properties and related slick parameters Target viscosity Viscosity range Density Slick thickness b, cOil Class cP cP kg/l mm Example 1 10 520 0,85-0,9 10 Fresh crude, very l
46、ight bunker30 Light bunker 2 200 170230 0,9-0,93 50 Light bunker 3 2 000 1 8002 200 0,92-0,95 50 Medium bunker 4 20 000 19 00021 000 0,95-0,98 50 Heavy bunker 5 20 000 19 00021 000 a0,95-0,98 50 Emulsion of medium bunker 6 b100 000 90 000110 000 a0,96-0,99 100 Emulsion of heavy bunker aAt a shear ra
47、te of 10 s1. bAcceptable variation 10 %. cSee Appendix A for guidelines on methods for controlling the oil slick thickness (6.3). 6.3 Oil slick thickness For each specific test oil, the slick thickness shall be maintained within the ranges defined in Table 1. Thickness shall be measured at a locatio
48、n 1,5 m from the skimmer entrance. NOTE Annex A provides guidance for combining oil volumes and current speed in order to achieve the desired slick thickness when conducting tests in tow or flume tanks. The oil slick thickness shall be monitored regularly throughout the test period and any deviation
49、s from the desired slick thickness shall be documented. Tests shall be rejected if the time-averaged slick thickness deviates more than 10 % from the specification given in Table 1. 6.4 Skimmer operating parameters There are a number of operating parameters that can affect the skimmer performance, including adhesion surface speed, inclination angles, pump flow rates, skimmer draft and weir depth. The main operating parameter shall be identified from the operating paramet
