1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 22262-2:2014Air quality Bulk materialsPart 2: Quantitative determination ofasbestos by gravimetric and microscopicalmethodsBS ISO 22262-2:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 22262-2:2014.The UK participation in i
2、ts preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correc
3、tapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 76241 3ICS 13.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy C
4、ommittee on 30 September 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 22262-2:2014 ISO 2014Air quality Bulk materials Part 2: Quantitative determination of asbestos by gravimetric and microscopical methodsQualit de lair Matriaux solides Partie 2: Dosage quantitatif de lamiante en
5、 utilisant les mthodes gravimtrique et microscopiqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO22262-2First edition2014-09-01Reference numberISO 22262-2:2014(E)BS ISO 22262-2:2014ISO 22262-2:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no
6、part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member
7、 body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 22262-2:2014ISO 22262-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword vIntroducti
8、on vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Abbreviated terms 65 Determination of analytical requirements . 66 Range 77 Limit of quantification 78 Principle 89 Safety precautions 810 Apparatus . 811 Reagents .1012 Sample size and homogeneity .1012.1 Sample size 1012.2 Repres
9、entative sample 1013 Methods for gravimetric matrix reduction 1113.1 General 1113.2 Data recording 1113.3 Selection and pre-treatment of a representative sub-sample .1313.4 Removal of organic materials by ashing 1413.5 Acid treatment and sedimentation procedures .1514 Procedures for quantification o
10、f asbestos in the final residue from gravimetric matrix reduction 1814.1 General 1814.2 Examination of the residue on the filter and selection of the appropriate procedure 1915 Determination of asbestiform amphibole in vermiculite .2515.1 General 2515.2 Required size of sample for analysis . 2615.3
11、Sample pre-treatment 2615.4 Separation of amphibole and measurement of the amphibole mass fraction.2816 Determination of asbestos in talc 2916.1 General 2916.2 Determination of chrysotile in talc . 2916.3 Determination of amphibole in talc . 2917 Determination of compliance with legislative control
12、limits .3017.1 General 3017.2 Gravimetry alone 3017.3 Gravimetry combined with visual estimation .3017.4 Gravimetry combined with point counting . 3017.5 Quantitative SEM or TEM fibre counting . 3218 Test report 32Annex A (normative) Types of commercial asbestos-containing materials and optimum anal
13、ytical procedures .34Annex B (normative) Required centrifuge times for separation of amphibole in heavy liquid 42BS ISO 22262-2:2014ISO 22262-2:2014(E)iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedAnnex C (normative) Example of test report.44Bibliography .46BS ISO 22262-2:2014ISO 22262-2:2014(E)ForewordISO (the In
14、ternational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee h
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17、cordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Deta
18、ils of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an en
19、dorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee res
20、ponsible for this document is ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Ambient atmospheres.ISO 22262 consists of the following parts, under the general title Air quality Bulk materials: Part 1: Sampling and qualitative determination of asbestos in commercial bulk materials Part 2: Quantitative de
21、termination of asbestos by gravimetric and microscopical methodsThe following part is under preparation: Part 3: Quantitative determination of asbestos by X-ray diffraction method ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 22262-2:2014ISO 22262-2:2014(E)IntroductionIn the past, asbestos was used in a wide
22、 range of products. Materials containing high proportions of asbestos were used in buildings and in industry for fireproofing, thermal insulation and acoustic insulation. Asbestos was also used to reinforce materials, to improve fracture and bending characteristics. A large proportion of the asbesto
23、s produced was used in asbestos-cement products. These include flat sheets, tiles and corrugated sheets for roofing, pipes and open troughs for collection of rainwater, and pressure pipes for supply of potable water. Asbestos was also incorporated into products such as decorative coatings and plaste
24、rs, glues, sealants and resins, floor tiles, gaskets and road paving. In some products asbestos was incorporated to modify rheological properties, for example in the manufacture of ceiling tile panels and oil drilling muds.Three varieties of asbestos found extensive commercial application. Chrysotil
25、e accounted for approximately 95 % of consumption, and therefore this is the variety that is encountered most frequently during analysis of samples. Amosite and crocidolite accounted for almost all of the balance, with a very small contribution from anthophyllite. Amosite was generally used as firep
26、roofing or in thermal insulation products. Crocidolite was also used as fireproofing and thermal insulation products, but because it is highly resistant to acids, it also found application as a reinforcing fibre in acid containers such as those used for lead-acid batteries, and in some gaskets. Mate
27、rials containing commercial anthophyllite are relatively rare, but it also has been used as a filler and reinforcing fibre in composite materials, and as a filtration medium. Tremolite asbestos and actinolite asbestos were not extensively used commercially, but they sometimes occur as contamination
28、of other commercial minerals. Richterite asbestos and winchite asbestos occur at mass fractions between 0,01 % and 6 % in vermiculite formerly mined at Libby, Montana, USA. Vermiculite from this source was widely distributed and is often found as loose fill insulation and as a constituent in a range
29、 of construction materials and fireproofing.While the asbestos mass fraction in some products can be very high and in some cases approach 100 %, in other products the mass fractions of asbestos used were significantly lower and often between 1 % and 15 %. In some ceiling tile panels, the mass fracti
30、on of asbestos used was close to 1 %. There are only a few known materials in which the asbestos mass fraction used was less than 1 %. Some adhesives, sealing compounds and fillers were manufactured in which asbestos mass fractions were lower than 1 %. There are no known commercially manufactured ma
31、terials in which any one of the common asbestos varieties (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite or anthophyllite) was intentionally added at mass fractions lower than 0,1 %.ISO 22262-1 specifies procedures for collection of samples and qualitative analysis of commercial bulk materials for the presence o
32、f asbestos. A visual estimate of the asbestos mass fraction may also be made. While it is recognized that the accuracy and reproducibility of such estimates is very limited, for many of the types of materials being analysed these estimates are sufficient to establish that the mass fraction of asbest
33、os in a manufactured product is, without doubt, well above any of the regulatory limits.Because of the wide range of matrix materials into which asbestos was incorporated, microscopy alone cannot provide reliable analyses of all types of asbestos-containing materials in untreated samples. This part
34、of ISO 22262 extends the applicability and limit of detection of microscopical analysis by the use of simple procedures such as ashing, acid treatment, sedimentation and heavy liquid density separation prior to microscopical examination.A prerequisite for use of this part of ISO 22262 and subsequent
35、 parts of ISO 22262 is that the sample shall have been examined ISO 22262-1. ISO 22262 is for application by knowledgeable analysts who are familiar with the analytical procedures specified.78910vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 22262-2:2014Air quality Bulk materials Part 2: Quantitative determi
36、nation of asbestos by gravimetric and microscopical methods1 ScopeThis part of ISO 22262 specifies procedures for quantification of asbestos mass fractions below approximately 5 %, and quantitative determination of asbestos in vermiculite, other industrial minerals and commercial products that incor
37、porate these minerals.This part of ISO 22262 is applicable to the quantitative analysis of:a) any material for which the estimate of asbestos mass fraction obtained using ISO 22262-1 is deemed to be of insufficient precision to reliably classify the regulatory status of the material, or for which it
38、 is considered necessary to obtain further evidence to demonstrate the absence of asbestos;b) resilient floor tiles, asphaltic materials, roofing felts and any other materials in which asbestos is embedded in an organic matrix;c) wall and ceiling plasters, with or without aggregate;d) mineral produc
39、ts such as wollastonite, dolomite, calcite, talc or vermiculite, and commercial products containing these minerals.This part of ISO 22262 is primarily intended for application to samples in which asbestos has been identified at estimated mass fractions lower than approximately 5 % by weight. It is a
40、lso applicable to samples that may contain asbestos at low mass fractions incorporated into matrix material such that microscopical examination of the untreated sample is either not possible or unreliable. An annex gives recommendations for the analysis of each type of material that may contain asbe
41、stos.It is not the intent of ISO 22262 to provide instruction in the fundamental microscopical and analytical techniques.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, on
42、ly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 22262-1:2012, Air quality Bulk materials Part 1: Sampling and qualitative determination of asbestos in commercial bulk materialsISO 13794:1999, Ambient air Deter
43、mination of asbestos fibres Indirect-transfer transmission electron microscopy method3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22262-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 22262-2:2014ISO 22262-2:2014(E)3.1a
44、cicularshape shown by an extremely slender crystal with cross-sectional dimensions which are small relative to its length, i.e. needle-likeSOURCE: ISO 13794:1999, definition 2.13.2amphibolegroup of rock-forming ferromagnesium silicate minerals, closely related in crystal form and composition, and ha
45、ving the nominal formula: A0-1B2C5T8O22(OH,F,Cl)2, whereA = K, Na;B = Fe2+, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na;C = Al, Cr, Ti, Fe3+, Mg, Fe2+;T = Si, Al, Cr, Fe3+, TiSOURCE: ISO 13794:1999, definition 2.2Note 1 to entry: In some varieties of amphibole, these elements can be partially substituted by Li, Pb, or Zn. Amphi
46、bole is characterized by a cross-linked double chain of Si-O tetrahedra with a silicon:oxygen ratio of 4:11, by columnar or fibrous prismatic crystals and by good prismatic cleavage in two directions parallel to the crystal faces and intersecting at angles of about 56 and 124.3.3amphibole asbestosam
47、phibole in an asbestiform habitSOURCE: ISO 13794:1999, definition 2.33.4anisotropystate or quality of having different properties along different axesEXAMPLE An anisotropic transparent particle can show different refractive indices with the vibration direction of incident light.3.5asbestiformspecifi
48、c type of mineral fibrosity in which the fibres and fibrils possess high tensile strength and flexibilitySOURCE: ISO 13794:1999, definition 2.63.6asbestosgroup of silicate minerals belonging to the serpentine and amphibole groups which have crystallized in the asbestiform habit, causing them to be e
49、asily separated into long, thin, flexible, strong fibres when crushed or processedSOURCE: ISO 13794:1999, definition 2.7Note 1 to entry: The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers of the most common asbestos varieties are: chrysotile (12001295), crocidolite (12001284), grunerite asbestos (amosite) (12172735), anthophyllite asbestos (77536675), tremolite asbestos (77536686) and actinolite asbestos (77536664). Other varieties of asbestiform amphibole, such as richterite asbestos and winchite asbestos
