1、BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 24254:2007Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) Family E (internal combustion engine oils) Specifications for oils for use in four-stroke cycle motorcycle gasoline engines and associated drivetrains (categories EMA and EMB)ICS 75.100g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44
2、g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS ISO 24254:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on
3、31 December 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 54911 3National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 24254:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/7, Lubricants and process fluids.A list of organizations represented on this committee can
4、 be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd.
5、 No. Date CommentsReference numberISO 24254:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO24254First edition2007-10-15Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) Family E (internal combustion engine oils) Specificationsfor oils for use in four-stroke cycle motorcycle gasoline engines and associate
6、d drivetrains (categories EMA and EMB) Lubrifiants, huiles industrielles et produits connexes (classe L) Famille E (huiles pour moteurs combustion interne) Spcifications pour les huiles pour moteurs quatre-temps essence et transmissions associes, pour motocyclettes (catgories EMA et EMB) BS ISO 2425
7、4:2007ii iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject f
8、or which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
9、 all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees a
10、re circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
11、responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 24254 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants, Subcommittee SC 4, Classifications and specifications. BS ISO 24254:2007iv Introduction This International Standard aims to specify the minimum perfo
12、rmance requirements for four-stroke engine oils and to classify their performance according to their frictional properties. Unique lubricant performance standards have not been in existence for four-stroke engine oils used in motorcycles, motor scooters, all-terrain vehicules (ATVs) and related equi
13、pment. As a consequence, manufacturers of these kind of equipment have experienced field-related problems where four-stroke engine oils not meeting the unique frictional requirements of some of these engines have been used. The intent of this International Standard is to enable engine manufacturers
14、to better communicate the lubricant needs of their engines to consumers and, thus, assist the consumer in selecting the proper lubricant from the many available in the marketplace. BS ISO 24254:20071Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) Family E (internal combustion engine oils)
15、 Specifications for oils for use in four-stroke cycle motorcycle gasoline engines and associated drivetrains (categories EMA and EMB) WARNING Handling and use of products as specified in this International Standard may be hazardous if suitable precautions are not observed. This International Standar
16、d does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1 Scope This International Standard sp
17、ecifies the requirements of lubricating engine oils (hereinafter referred to as “four-stroke engine oils”) to be used in four-stroke cycle spark ignition gasoline engines employing a common sump containing the lubricating oil for both the engine and associated drivetrain (transmission, clutch, start
18、er) of motorcycles, motor scooters, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and related equipment. Classification of four-stroke engine oils is defined in ISO 6743-15 1. Among all of the categories covered by ISO 6743-15, this International Standard includes categories EMA and EMB. This International Standard s
19、pecifies the performance classification of four-stroke cycle gasoline engine oils based on physical and chemical properties, and three friction performance indices, which are derived from the frictional properties of the lubricant, according to the JASO T904 test procedure1). NOTE For the purposes o
20、f this International Standard, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent the mass fraction. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
21、 of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3987, Petroleum products Lubricating oils and additives Determination of sulfated ash ISO 6247, Petroleum products Determination of foaming characteristics of lubricating oils ISO 20844, Petroleum and related products Determination
22、of the shear stability of polymer-containing oils using a diesel injector nozzle ASTM D4683, Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator 1) JASO T904:2006 is based upon the test procedures and specifications developed by the Japan
23、ese Automobile Standards Organization (JASO) of the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. (JSAE). JASO was joined in this effort by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Coordinating European Council for the development of performance tests for lubricants and engine
24、fuels (CEC). Lubricants meeting this International Standard can be applied to four-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines used in transportation, leisure and utility applications, such as motorcycles, motor scooters, ATVs and related equipment. BS ISO 24254:20072 ASTM D4741, Standard Test Meth
25、od for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear rate by Tapered-Plug Viscosimeter ASTM D4951, Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy CEC L40-A93, Standard test method for evaporation los
26、s of lubricating oils by the Noack method JASO T904, Motorcycles Four Stroke Cycle Gasoline Engine Oils Friction Properties Test for the Clutch Systems JPI-5S-38, Lubricating Oils Determination of Additive Elements Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry 3 Terms and definitions For t
27、he purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 candidate oil four-stroke cycle engine oil whose performance is subject to evaluation in this test method 3.2 reference oil four-stroke cycle engine oil of known performance that is used for comparison to categorize the per
28、formance of a candidate oil NOTE Two standard reference oils are used for comparison purposes in evaluating the performance of a candidate oil: JAFRE-A (Japanese Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Reference Oil-A) with high frictional properties and JAFRE-B (Japanese Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Reference Oil-B)
29、with low frictional properties 2). 3.3 friction index relative performance index, which is determined by comparing the test results of the candidate oil with the results of the reference oils 3.4 dynamic friction index DFI resultant index determined from the dynamic friction coefficients, d, obtaine
30、d from the dynamic friction test 3.5 static friction index SFI resultant index determined from the static friction coefficients, s, obtained from the static friction test 3.6 stop time index STI resultant index determined from the stop time, ST, obtained from the dynamic friction test 2) Reference o
31、ils can be ordered from Technical Center, Japan Lubricating Oil Society, 2-16-1, Hinode, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 273-0015, Japan, Tel.: +81 47 433 5181, Fax: +81 47 431 9579. This information is given for the convenience of the users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement
32、 of these products by ISO. BS ISO 24254:200734 Four-stroke cycle engine oil requirements 4.1 General performance level Candidate four-stroke cycle engine oils shall be formulated such that their engine performance be of a quality level at least equivalent to one or more of the performance categories
33、 for engine oil specifications given in Table 1. Table 1 Engine oil performance categories Specifications Performance categories APIaSG, SH, SJ, SL, SM ILSACbGF-1, GF-2, GF-3 ACEAcA1/B1, A3/B3, A3/B4, A5/B5, C2, C3 aAPI performance categories and standards are documented in ASTM D44852. bILSAC stand
34、ards are documented in the ILSAC GF-1(2, 3) minimum performance standard for passenger car engine oils. cACEA sequence tests and performance levels are documented in the ACEA European oil sequence for service fill gasoline engine oils. 4.2 Physical and chemical property requirements In addition to p
35、rescribed performance requirements, a candidate oil shall also satisfy the physical and chemical property requirements given in Table 2. These physical and chemical properties supersede the general performance level values detailed in the performance classification standards described in Table 1. Ta
36、ble 2 Physical and chemical property requirements for four-stroke cycle engine oils Requirement Unit Limit Test method Sulfated ash % (m/m) 1,2 max. ISO 3987 Phosphorous content % (m/m) 0,08 min. and 0,12 max. JPI-5S-38 or ASTM D4951 Evaporation loss % (m/m) 20 max. CEC L40-A93 Foaming tendency/stab
37、ility Sequence I Sequence II Sequence III ml 10/0 max. 50/0 max. 10/0 max. ISO 6247 Shear stability 100 C kinematic viscosity after test XW-30 XW-40 XW-50 Other grades: mm2/s 9,0 min. 12,0 min. 15,0 min. stay in gradeISO 20844 Viscosity at high shear rate and high temperature mPas 2,9 min. ASTM D468
38、3 or ASTM D4741 BS ISO 24254:20074 4.3 Performance requirements The performance of four-stroke cycle engine oils is classified into one of two grades, as indicated in Table 3, based on the three performance indices derived from the friction indices according to the following: The friction index, IF,
39、 is calculated in accordance with Equation (1): Cand JAFREBFJAFREA JAFREB1XXI=+(1) where XCandis the test result of the candidate oil; XJAFREAis the test result of the reference oil JAFRE-A; XJAFREBis the test result of the reference oil JAFRE-B. NOTE The resultant friction indices are calculated su
40、ch that 2,00 is obtained when the JAFRE-A oil is evaluated as the candidate and 1,00, when the JAFRE-B oil is evaluated as the candidate. Table 3 Performance classification Performance classification Rated parameter EMA EMB Test method Dynamic friction index (DFI) W 1,45 and 2,50 W 0,50 and 1,45 Sta
41、tic friction index (SFI) W 1,15 and 2,50 W 0,50 and 1,15 Stop time index (STI) W 1,55 and 2,50 W 0,50 and 1,55 JASO T904 Regarding the classification of a candidate oil, if any one or more of the three friction indices (DFI, SFI and STI) does not meet the classification of EMA, the candidate four-st
42、roke cycle engine oil shall be classified as EMB. Given the wide range in allowable EMA indices, further classification can be made into EMA subcategories, EMA2 and EMA1, as detailed in Table 4. Subcategories EMA1 and EMA2 may be used only if all the resultant friction indices for a candidate oil fa
43、ll within that specific subcategory. Table 4 Subcategory classification Performance classification EMA Rated parameter EMA1 EMA2 Test method Dynamic friction index (DFI) W 1,45 and 1,80 W 1,80 and 2,50 Static friction index (SFI) W 1,15 and 1,70 W 1,70 and 2,50 Stop time index (STI) W 1,55 and 1,90
44、W 1,90 and 2,50 JASO T904 BS ISO 24254:20075Annex A (informative) Background and examples of assignment of performance classification A.1 Background There are several common performance requirements for the lubrication of motorcycles and automotive engines. For many years, the performance requiremen
45、ts of automotive engine oils have been applied to those of motorcycles, scooters, ATVs and related equipment without modification. The minimum performance requirement for four-stroke engine oils currently recommended by motorcycle and motor scooter manufacturers is defined by the API SG category. (A
46、lthough some of the API SG performance tests are now obsolete and no longer available, oils equivalent to these specifications are still available in many regions world-wide and are marketed as such at the discretion of the lubricant manufacturer.) However, with the recent trend towards improved fue
47、l economy automotive engine oils (ILSAC GF-3, GF-4), the propensity for misapplication of some of these oils has increased. Unique lubrication demands exist for the transmission gear, starter and clutch assemblies of motorcycles and motor scooters related to its viscosity and frictional characterist
48、ics. For low-viscosity engine oils (0W-20), transmission gear durability is known to decrease. In addition, with heavily friction modified engine oils, clutch slippage can result due to the low resultant frictional properties of the lubricant, especially at high temperatures where oils of higher fri
49、ctional properties are desired. The intention of specifying minimum performance requirements and establishing appropriate limits for viscosity, volatility and frictional properties, is to minimize the tendency for misapplication and resulting field problems. Four-stroke cycle engine oils, as defined by this International Standard, should be classified according to their frictional properties as either EMA, EMA2, EMA1 (high-friction coefficients) or EMB (low-friction coefficients). Note that there are applications, such as with some AT
