1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 24622-1:2015Language resourcemanagement ComponentMetadata Infrastructure (CMDI)Part 1: The Component Metadata ModelBS ISO 24622-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 24622-1:2015. The UK participation in its prep
2、aration was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee TS/1, Terminology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
3、The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81379 5ICS 01.140.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on
4、31 January 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 24622-1:2015 ISO 2015Language resource management Component Metadata Infrastructure (CMDI) Part 1: The Component Metadata ModelGestion des ressources langagires Composante infrastructure de mtadonnes (CM
5、DI) Partie 1: Composant modle de mtadonnesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO24622-1First edition2015-02-01Reference numberISO 24622-1:2015(E)BS ISO 24622-1:2015ISO 24622-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of th
6、is publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in t
7、he country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 24622-1:2015ISO 24622-1:2015(E)Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 1
8、3 Metadata schema availability and reuse . 53.1 Overview 53.2 Metadata components and elements . 54 Semantics in the component metadata model 74.1 Overview 74.2 Concept registries . 84.3 Relation registries 85 Metadata component and profile - compatibility and versioning 96 Expressiveness of the com
9、ponent metadata model . 9Annex A (informative) Abbreviations .10Bibliography .11 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 24622-1:2015ISO 24622-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
10、 of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmen
11、tal, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the
12、ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibi
13、lity that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of p
14、atent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as inf
15、ormation about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 4, Language resourc
16、e management.ISO 24622 consists of the following part, under the general title Language resource management Component metadata infrastructure (CMDI): Part 1: The component metadata modelA future part will address the component metadata specific language.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 24622-1:
17、2015ISO 24622-1:2015(E)IntroductionComponent Metadata (CMD) is an approach to metadata modelling and metadata creation. It is being increasingly used these days to enable the metadata description of different types of Language Resources (LRs) with different metadata schemas, while still trying to ma
18、intain syntactic and semantic interoperability.CMD1)is also the core of the Component Metadata Infrastructure (CMDI)1: this infrastructure contains not only the format specifications for this metadata modelling and creation approach, but also a set of registries and tools for metadata modelling and
19、creation work.The advantages of having such a unified approach to metadata descriptions for LRs, an approach that will be usable by many projects and initiatives, are obvious: firstly, there is a better chance of obtaining interoperability between metadata descriptions from different sources, and se
20、condly, it will be possible to develop and share tools that work much more efficiently in this metadata framework.The challenge of designing and organizing a comprehensive and unified approach to metadata description for the very varied set of LR types, and one that also can satisfy a sufficiently l
21、arge section of the LR community, should not be underestimated. The landscape of metadata for LRs has been, and continues to be, fragmented. Until recently, it was the practice in creating the metadata descriptions for LRs to choose a specific metadata schema from a (small) existing set derived eith
22、er from widespread traditions or from other disciplines; for example, OLAC2is an adapted version of DCMI,3which in turn originates in the library world. Additionally, there are, for the purposes of LR metadata description, specifically developed metadata schemas that can be limited in application to
23、 specific types of LR (e.g. IMDI4), or they can be of a proprietary nature (cf. the catalogues of the LR agencies such as LDC2)and ELRA3). The result is a domain of LR metadata that is far from interoperable. Although some progress has been made in developing dedicated bridges for “translating” meta
24、data from one specific schema to another and in providing a consolidated catalogue, this practice does not scale well since it depends on specific translations for each pair of different metadata schemas.For some recent projects, founding principles have included the unification and consolidation of
25、 practices and the need to produce efficient and sufficiently specific metadata descriptions.It follows that a number of international, European, and national projects and infrastructure initiatives such as CLARIN5and META-SHARE6now share the CMD approach to metadata for LRs. This International Stan
26、dard will both standardize the fundamentals of this approach in order to achieve interoperability based on solid documentation, and foster cooperation between the various initiatives and projects that work on, and with, this International Standard.The model description is the first part of an infras
27、tructure that forms a complete package for the creation of metadata schemas. As stated in the Foreword, the complete infrastructure standard contains, in addition to this component metadata model specification (ISO 24622-1), one or more metadata component specification languages (planned), and a num
28、ber of recommended metadata components and profiles (planned). Since this part of ISO 24622 specifies an abstract model, we will rely mainly on UML7to describe it.Figure 1 Describing resources with metadata1) Abbreviations are explained in Annex A.2) Linguistic Data Consortium, http:/www.ldc.upenn.e
29、du/3) European Language Resources Association, http:/www.elra.info/ ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 24622-1:2015ISO 24622-1:2015(E)This part of ISO 24622 addresses the basic need to provide a model that makes it easy for metadata modellers (e.g. researchers and resource description experts) to
30、create new metadata schemas, which can in turn be used either to describe new types of resources or to enable a more appropriate description for resources in specific circumstances. The metadata schema is instantiated into metadata records i.e. the metadata descriptions that describe the actual reso
31、urce(s) (see Figure 1).The context of this desire for flexible metadata modelling is that for scientific work there are usually various requirements for the proper description of LRs, and these requirements can derive from the specific needs of a project or from the facility or repository that will
32、be used to store the resource for future use. This variation requires a flexible framework that enables the easy creation of new metadata schemas for different purposes, but is also a framework (i) in which the instantiations have a strictly defined format so that at least syntactic correctness can
33、be checked, and (ii) which provides explicit semantics for the metadata schema elements for interpretation of the metadata record content.The metadata descriptions generated by schemas compliant with this model will also be compliant with other TC 37 International Standards, for example, those requi
34、ring that references to the described resources and resource parts use ISO 24619:2011 PISA-compatible persistent identifiers (PIDs)9.The definition of a resource in this context is very broad. This part of ISO 24622 takes a pragmatic view: for example, an image can be a resource in itself when it is
35、 associated with a PID and can be referenced as such, or it can be part of a document where it lacks an identity of its own. In addition, a reference can point to a part of this image. An individual resource can stand alone in one environment and be treated as part of a collection in another environ
36、ment. Also, metadata descriptions describe resources, but they, too, are a resource in different contexts. This part of ISO 24622 needs to support all such cases, and the model needs to provide descriptions at all levels of granularity.This part of ISO 24622 takes two types of collections into accou
37、nt:a) A complex resource may have been created as a collection originally and, versioning aside, it will exist as such in a rather static published form. Its specification will be treated as an independent entity by the responsible archiving institution that also provides a PID for such a collection
38、. In the context of this part of ISO 24622, the metadata for the collection is the collection specification. The archiving institution is responsible for maintaining the metadata representing the collection.b) In contrast, a different type of collection is one that was not planned and designed as a
39、collection by its creators or by the holding archive, but achieves its status as a federated resource based on research that needs to be verifiable. Such collections, although purposefully constructed by the researcher, may not have any significance outside the context of the research for which they
40、 were created. Referring from the research documents to the collection may also become tedious if the collection contains hundreds of individual resources. It follows that there is a need to capture these types of collection with a metadata record that is associated with all its constituent resource
41、s and appropriate metadata, but only as the incarnation of this collection. There is no natural responsible party to maintain this metadata record. It is unlikely that the researcher who created the “virtual” collection (VC) has any way of consistently maintaining and curating this metadata record i
42、n the long term. There may be special registries maintained by digital archives or publishers where researchers can register such virtual collections.Both types of collection are identified with the PID that refers to the collection metadata.vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 24622-1:2015Language
43、 resource management Component Metadata Infrastructure (CMDI) Part 1: The Component Metadata Model1 ScopeThe scope of this part of ISO 24622 is to describe a model that enables the flexible construction of interoperable metadata schemas for Language Resources (LRs). The metadata schemas based on thi
44、s model can be used to describe resources at different levels of granularity (e.g. descriptions both on the collection level and on the level of individual resources).2 Terms and definitions2.1archivedigital archiverepository (2.26) dedicated to the long-term preservation of the associated dataNote
45、1 to entry: The data in digital archives are also often available on-line. This highlights the need for reliable PIDs (2.22)2.2cardinalitymetadata component cardinalitymetadata element cardinalityspecification of the number of occurrences of a metadata component (2.14) or metadata element (2.12) in
46、an instantiation2.3citationobject containing information that directs a textual resource readers or users attention from one resource to another2.4closed vocabularylimited set of items that forms the mandatory value domain of a metadata element (2.12)2.5concept referenceconcept linkreference to the
47、definition of a concept in a concept registry (2.6)2.6concept registryregistry (2.25) for registering concepts enabling their identification with a unique identifierINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24622-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 24622-1:2015ISO 24622-1:2015(E)2.7collectionresource co
48、llectiongrouping of multiple, different constituting elements, each of which is independent of the others and may be accessed individuallyNote 1 to entry: A collection can be a virtual collection if its constituent elements come from other different (virtual) collections, and possibly if the element
49、s are distributed over different repositories.2.8fragment identifieridentifier (2.9) used to reference a resource part (2.28) in a web contextSOURCE: ISO 12619:20112.9identifierdigital identifiercompact sequence of characters associated with digital, non-digital, or abstract entitiesSOURCE: Adapted from ISO 12619:2011Note 1 to entry: Identifiers can apply to entities such as books, images, reports, metadata records, and events.2.10metadata recordmetadata descriptionmetadatarecord (2.23) containing a description of
