1、BS ISO 2470-1:2016Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse bluereflectance factorPart 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISObrightness)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 2470-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK
2、 implementation of ISO 2470-1:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 2470-1:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to it
3、s secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90638 1ICS 85.040; 85.060Compliance with a British Stand
4、ard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 2470-1:2016 ISO 2016Paper, board and pulps Measurement of
5、 diffuse blue reflectance factor Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)Papier, carton et ptes Mesurage du facteur de rflectance diffuse dans le bleu Partie 1: Conditions dclairage intrieur de jour (degr de blancheur ISO)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO2470-1Second edition2016-09-15Reference nu
6、mberISO 2470-1:2016(E)BS ISO 2470-1:2016ISO 2470-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, el
7、ectronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vern
8、ier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 2470-1:2016ISO 2470-1:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 25.1 Reflectometer . 25.2 Reference standards for calibrat
9、ion of the instrument and the working standards 35.3 Working standards 36 Sampling and conditioning 37 Preparation of test pieces . 38 Procedure. 49 Expression of results 410 Test report . 4Annex A (normative) Spectral characteristics of instruments for measuring ISO brightness .6Annex B (normative)
10、 UV calibration service 8Annex C (informative) Precision 10Bibliography .11 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 2470-1:2016ISO 2470-1:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). Th
11、e work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gov
12、ernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described i
13、n the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the p
14、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO lis
15、t of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well
16、as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.This second edition cancels and replaces
17、the first edition (ISO 2470-1:2009), of which it constitutes a minor revision including the following modifications: references in Clause 2 and in the Bibliography have been updated; the terminology (Clause 3) has been revised to be consistent with the information provided in ISO/TR 10688 and, where
18、ver possible, with the symbols used in the CIE International Lighting Vocabulary; references to “ISO/TC 6 authorized laboratories” have been eliminated; the precision statement has been moved to an informative annex (Annex C).ISO 2470 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper, b
19、oard and pulps Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor: Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness) Part 2: Outdoor daylight conditions (D65 brightness)iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 2470-1:2016ISO 2470-1:2016(E)IntroductionThe diffuse reflectance factor (radiance factor) depen
20、ds on the conditions of measurement, particularly the spectral and geometric characteristics of the instrument used. This part of ISO 2470 is therefore intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 2469 which defines the geometric characteristics of the instrument and also defines the photometric cali
21、bration procedure to be adopted.The definition of ISO brightness is historically linked to the Zeiss Elrepho instrument having, as a light source, an incandescent lamp which excites fluorescence to only a limited extent. It is specified here that, in instruments of the abridged spectrophotometer or
22、filter colorimeter type, the UV content of the illumination be adjusted to conform to the CIE illuminant C as defined by a fluorescent reference standard having an assigned value of ISO brightness as described in Annex B. Only if this is done can the property measured on a fluorescent material be ca
23、lled ISO brightness. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 2470-1:2016BS ISO 2470-1:2016Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor Part 1: Indoor daylight conditions (ISO brightness)1 ScopeThis part of ISO 2470 specifies a method for measuring the diffuse blue reflectance f
24、actor (ISO brightness) of pulps, papers and boards.This part of ISO 2470 is limited in its scope to white and near-white pulps, papers and boards. The measurement can only be made in an instrument in which the ultraviolet energy level of the illumination has been adjusted to correspond to the CIE il
25、luminant C6using a fluorescent reference standard. The CIE illuminant C is taken to be representative of indoor daylight conditions because it contains a suitable proportion of UV radiation.9NOTE The property called D65 brightness is measured with an instrument adjusted to correspond with CIE standa
26、rd illuminant D65,4which has a much higher UV content than that specified in this part of ISO 2470. The measurement of D65 brightness is described in ISO 2470-2.22 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for
27、its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 2469, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse radian
28、ce factor (diffuse reflectance factor)ISO 3688, Pulps Preparation of laboratory sheets for the measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness)ISO 4094, Paper, board and pulps International calibration of testing apparatus Nomination and acceptance of standardizing and authorized labo
29、ratoriesISO 7213, Pulps Sampling for testing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1diffuse radiance factorratio of the diffusely reflected radiance of a body in a given direction to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under specifie
30、d conditions of irradiationNote 1 to entry: For fluorescent (luminescent) materials, the specified conditions of irradiation in this part of ISO 2470 are CIE illuminant C and the diffuse radiance factor is strictly the total radiance factor, , which is the sum of two components, the reflected radian
31、ce factor, R, and the luminescent radiance factor, L, so that: = R+ LINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2470-1:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 2470-1:2016ISO 2470-1:2016(E)Note 2 to entry: For non-fluorescent materials, the diffuse radiance factor, R, is simply the diffuse reflectance factor R.
32、3.2diffuse reflectance factorRratio of the radiation reflected and emitted from a body to that reflected from the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of diffuse illumination and normal detectionNote 1 to entry: The ratio is often expressed as a percentage.Note 2 to entry: The diffu
33、se reflectance factor is influenced by the backing if the body is translucent.Note 3 to entry: This part of ISO 2470 prescribes diffuse illumination and normal detection in an instrument calibrated in accordance with the provisions of this part of ISO 2470.3.3intrinsic diffuse reflectance factorRdif
34、fuse reflectance factor of a layer or pad of material thick enough to be opaque, i.e. such that increasing the thickness of the pad by doubling the number of sheets results in no change in the measured radiance reflectance factorNote 1 to entry: The diffuse reflectance factor of a single non-opaque
35、sheet is dependent on the background and is not a material property.3.4ISO brightnessR457intrinsic diffuse radiance (reflectance) factor measured with a reflectometer having the characteristics described in ISO 2469, equipped with a filter or corresponding function having an effective wavelength of
36、457 nm and a half bandwidth of 44 nm, and adjusted so that the UV content of the irradiation incident upon the test piece corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant CNote 1 to entry: The filter function is described more fully by the weighting function factors given in Annex A and Table A.1.4 Princip
37、leA test piece is illuminated diffusely in a standard instrument and the light reflected normal to the surface is either allowed to pass through a defined optical filter and then measured by a photodetector or measured by an array of photosensitive diodes, where each diode responds to a different ef
38、fective wavelength. The brightness is then determined directly from the output from the photodetector or by calculation from the photosensitive diode outputs using the appropriate weighting function.5 Apparatus5.1 Reflectometer5.1.1 Reflectometer having the geometric, spectral and photometric charac
39、teristics described in ISO 2469 and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of ISO 2469, and equipped for the measurement of blue reflectance factor as defined in Annex A.5.1.2 In the case of a filter reflectometer, the radiation falling upon the test piece shall have a UV content corresponding
40、 to that of the CIE illuminant C.5.1.3 In the case of an abridged spectrophotometer, the instrument shall have an adjustable filter with a cut-off wavelength of 395 nm or some other system for adjustment and control, and this filter shall be 2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 2470-1:2016ISO 2470-1
41、:2016(E)adjusted or the system shall be calibrated with the help of the fluorescence reference standard (5.2.3), so that the UV content of the illumination falling upon the sample corresponds to that of the CIE illuminant C.5.2 Reference standards for calibration of the instrument and the working st
42、andards5.2.1 Use reference standards sufficiently frequently to ensure satisfactory calibration and UV adjustment.NOTE This frequency interval can be fixed according to a defined schedule or control limits (e.g. from drift analysis of the measuring instrument).5.2.2 Non-fluorescent reference standar
43、d for photometric calibration, fulfilling the requirements for international reference standard of level 3 (IR3) as prescribed in ISO 2469.5.2.3 Fluorescent reference standard for use in adjusting the UV content of the radiation incident upon the sample, having an ISO-brightness value and other rela
44、ted data as specified in Annex B and fulfilling the requirements for international reference standard of level 3 (IR3) as prescribed in ISO 2469.5.3 Working standards5.3.1 Two plates of flat opal glass, ceramic or other suitable non-fluorescent material, cleaned and calibrated as described in ISO 24
45、69.NOTE In some instruments, the function of the primary working standard can be taken over by a built-in internal standard.5.3.2 Stable plastic or other tablet, incorporating a fluorescent whitening agent.5.3.3 Black cavity, having a reflectance factor which does not differ from its nominal value b
46、y more than 0,2 %, at all wavelengths. The black cavity should be stored upside down in a dust-free environment or with a protective cover.NOTE The condition of the black cavity can be checked by reference to the instrument maker.6 Sampling and conditioningIf the tests are being made to evaluate a l
47、ot of paper or board, the sample shall be selected in accordance with ISO 186. If a lot of pulps is to be evaluated, the sample shall be selected in accordance with ISO 7213. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test pieces taken are representative of the sample receiv
48、ed.Conditioning according to ISO 187 is recommended but not required, but preconditioning with elevated temperatures should not be applied since it might change the optical properties.7 Preparation of test piecesRegarding pulp samples, prepare laboratory sheets in accordance with ISO 3688.Avoiding w
49、atermarks, dirt and obvious defects, cut rectangular test pieces approximately 75 mm 150 mm. Assemble at least 10 of the test pieces in a pad with their top sides uppermost; the number should be such that doubling the number of test pieces does not alter the diffuse reflectance factor. Protect the pad by placing an additional sheet on both the top and bottom of the pad; avoid contamination and unnecessary exposure to light or heat.Mark the top test piece in one corner to identify the sample and its top side
