1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 26324:2012Information anddocumentation Digitalobject identifier systemBS ISO 26324:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、ISO 26324:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IDT/2/18, Identifiers and metadata.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a
3、 contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 61837 6ICS 01.140.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the
4、authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 26324:2012Reference numberISO 26324:2012(E)ISO 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO26324First edition2012-05-01Information and documentation Digital object identifier system I
5、nformation et documentation Systme didentifiant numrique dobjetBS ISO 26324:2012ISO 26324:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in
6、cluding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Publ
7、ished in Switzerland ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 26324:2012ISO 26324:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 DOI name 3 4.1 Syntax . 3 4.2 Visual presentation and other representatio
8、n of DOI names . 5 5 Assignment of DOI name 5 5.1 Principles of assignment 5 5.2 Granularity . 6 5.3 Description . 6 5.4 Uniqueness 6 5.5 Persistence 6 6 Resolution of DOI name 6 6.1 General . 6 6.2 Functionality 7 7 DOI metadata . 8 7.1 General . 8 7.2 Functionality 8 7.3 Registration of DOI metada
9、ta . 8 8 Administration of the DOI system . 9 Annex A (normative) Relationship between the DOI system and other identifier schemes . 10 Annex B (normative) DOI metadata specification . 12 Annex C (normative) Administration of the DOI system 15 Bibliography 17 BS ISO 26324:2012ISO 26324:2012(E) iv IS
10、O 2012 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested
11、in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commi
12、ssion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technica
13、l committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shal
14、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 26324 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 9, Identification and description. BS ISO 26324:2012ISO 26324:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vIntroduction The digita
15、l object identifier DOI1) system provides an infrastructure for persistent unique identification of objects of any type. DOI is an acronym for “digital object identifier”, meaning a “digital identifier of an object” rather than an “identifier of a digital object”. In this International Standard, the
16、 term “digital object identifier” refers to the system defined in this International Standard unless otherwise stated. The DOI system was initiated by the International DOI Foundation in 1998, and initially developed with the collaboration of some participants in ISO/TC 46/SC 9. Due to its applicati
17、on in the fields of information and documentation and previous collaboration with some ISO/TC 46/SC 9 participants, it was introduced as a possible work item in 2004 and further developed from 2006 to 2010. The DOI system is designed to work over the Internet. A DOI name is permanently assigned to a
18、n object to provide a resolvable persistent network link to current information about that object, including where the object, or information about it, can be found on the Internet. While information about an object can change over time, its DOI name will not change. A DOI name can be resolved withi
19、n the DOI system to values of one or more types of data relating to the object identified by that DOI name, such as a URL, an e-mail address, other identifiers and descriptive metadata. The DOI system enables the construction of automated services and transactions. Applications of the DOI system inc
20、lude but are not limited to managing information and documentation location and access; managing metadata; facilitating electronic transactions; persistent unique identification of any form of any data; and commercial and non-commercial transactions. The content of an object associated with a DOI na
21、me is described unambiguously by DOI metadata, based on a structured extensible data model that enables the object to be associated with metadata of any desired degree of precision and granularity to support description and services. The data model supports interoperability between DOI applications.
22、 The scope of the DOI system is not defined by reference to the type of content (format, etc.) of the referent, but by reference to the functionalities it provides and the context of use. The DOI system provides, within networks of DOI applications, for unique identification, persistence, resolution
23、, metadata and semantic interoperability. _ 1) DOI is a registered trademark. Information concerning trademark issues can be found on ISO online webpage for the ISO 26324 Registration Authority at http:/www.iso.org/iso/maintenance_agencies.html. BS ISO 26324:2012BS ISO 26324:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDA
24、RD ISO 26324:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1Information and documentation Digital object identifier system 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the syntax, description and resolution functional components of the digital object identifier system, and the general principles for the cre
25、ation, registration and administration of DOI names (where DOI is an acronym for “digital object identifier”). This International Standard defines the syntax for a DOI name, which is used for the identification of an object of any material form (digital or physical) or an abstraction (such as a text
26、ual work) where there is a functional need to distinguish it from other objects. The DOI name does not replace, nor is it an alternative for, an identifier used in another scheme, such as the schemes defined by ISO/TC 46/SC 9. This International Standard describes how the DOI system can be used in c
27、onjunction with another identifier scheme (for example, to provide additional functionality, such as resolution, where this is not already available), and how the character string of that other scheme can be integrated into the DOI system through the DOI metadata record and/or the DOI syntax. This I
28、nternational Standard does not specify specific technologies to implement the syntax, description and resolution functional components of the digital object identifier system. 2 Normative references The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated re
29、ferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Unicode Consortium. The UnicodeTMStandard2)3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 all
30、owed value item which may be used as a value of an element 3.2 application profile set of DOI names that share some common characteristics NOTE A DOI application profile is a grouping mechanism for DOI names; the functional specification of the application profile includes a set of metadata, compris
31、ing the kernel metadata and additional information applicable to that particular genre of object and functional requirements. Each DOI name is associated with one or more application profiles. 2) Available at: http:/www.unicode.org. Unicode is a trademark of Unicode, Inc. The Unicode Standard impose
32、s additional constraints on implementations of ISO/IEC 10646:2011. BS ISO 26324:2012ISO 26324:2012(E) 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved3.3 data dictionary repository for all data elements and allowed values of those elements used in DOI metadata specifications 3.4 DOI name string that specifies a uniqu
33、e object (3.9) within the DOI system (3.6) NOTE 1 Names consist of characters in a sequence specified by the DOI syntax (3.5). NOTE 2 The terms “identifier” and “number” are sometimes but not always used in the same sense and are to be avoided where ambiguity can arise. The unqualified use of “DOI”
34、alone can also be ambiguous. Therefore “DOI” is always used in conjunction with a specific noun e.g. DOI name (3.4), DOI system (3.6) unless the meaning is sufficiently clear from an earlier mention or the specific context. 3.5 DOI syntax rules for the form and sequence of characters comprising any
35、DOI name (3.4), specifically the form and character of a prefix element, separator and suffix element 3.6 DOI system social and technical infrastructure for the assignment and administration of DOI names (3.4) as identifiers in computer-readable form through assignment, resolution, referent descript
36、ion, administration, etc. 3.7 interoperability ability of independent systems to exchange meaningful information and initiate actions from each other, in order to operate together to mutual benefit NOTE In particular, interoperability constitutes the ability for loosely-coupled independent systems t
37、o be able to collaborate and communicate. See References 17 and 18 for further information about interoperability. 3.8 metadata specific data associated with a referent within the DOI system (3.6), based on a structured data model that enables the referent of the DOI name (3.4) to be associated with
38、 data of any desired degree of precision and granularity to support identification, description and services NOTE This can involve one or more intermediate mapping operations. The resolution might or might not return an instance of the object. Multiple resolution is the simultaneous return as output
39、 of several pieces of current information related to the object, in defined data structures. 3.9 object entity within the scope of the DOI system (3.6) that can be digital, physical or abstract NOTE 1 Digital, physical or abstract forms of an entity can be of relevance in information and documentati
40、on (e.g. resources, people or agreements). NOTE 2 A particular object identified by a specific DOI name (3.4) is the referent (3.12) of that DOI name. 3.10 opaque string syntax string that has no meaning discernible by simple inspection NOTE To discover meaning, metadata are required. BS ISO 26324:2
41、012ISO 26324:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 33.11 persistent existence, and ability to be used in services outside the direct control of the issuing assigner, without a stated time limit 3.12 referent particular object (3.9) identified by a DOI name (3.4) 3.13 registrant person or organization
42、 that has requested and received the registration of a particular DOI name (3.4) 3.14 registrant code unique string assigned to a registrant, forming part of the prefix element of the DOI syntax (3.5) but having no other implied meaning 3.15 resolution process of submitting a DOI name (3.4) to a net
43、work service and receiving in return one or more pieces of current information related to the identified object such as metadata or a location (URL) of the object or of metadata 3.16 unique identification specification by a DOI name (3.4) of one and only one referent (3.12) 4 DOI name 4.1 Syntax 4.1
44、.1 General characteristics The DOI syntax shall be made up of a DOI prefix and a DOI suffix separated by a forward slash. There is no defined limit on the length of the DOI name, or of the DOI prefix or DOI suffix. The DOI name is case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable characters from th
45、e legal graphic characters of Unicode. Further constraints on character use (e.g. use of language-specific alphanumeric characters) can be defined for an application by the ISO 26324 Registration Authority. The combination of a unique DOI prefix (assigned to a particular DOI registrant) and a unique
46、 DOI suffix (provided by that registrant for a specific object) is unique, and so allows the de-centralized allocation of DOI names. The DOI name is an opaque string for the purposes of the DOI system. No definitive information may be inferred from the specific character string of a DOI name. In par
47、ticular, the inclusion in a DOI name of any registrant code allocated to a specific registrant does not provide evidence of the ownership of rights or current management responsibility of any intellectual property in the referent. Such information may be asserted in the associated metadata. BS ISO 2
48、6324:2012ISO 26324:2012(E) 4 ISO 2012 All rights reserved4.1.2 DOI prefix 4.1.2.1 Elements 4.1.2.1.1 General The DOI prefix shall be composed of a directory indicator followed by a registrant code. These two components shall be separated by a full stop (period). 4.1.2.1.2 Directory indicator The dir
49、ectory indicator shall be “10”. The directory indicator distinguishes the entire set of character strings (prefix and suffix) as digital object identifiers within the resolution system. 4.1.2.1.3 Registrant code The second element of the DOI prefix shall be the registrant code. The registrant code is a unique string assigned to a registrant. EXAMPLE 1 10.1000 DOI prefix comprising a directory indicator “10” followed by registrant code “1000”. The registrant code may be further divided into sub-elements for
