1、BSISO26868:2009ICS49.140NOCOPYINGWITHOUTBSIPERMISSIONEXCEPTASPERMITTEDBY COPYRIGHTLAWBRITISH STANDARDSpacedataandinformation transfersystemsImage datacompressionIncorporating corrigendumSeptember 2015This British Standardwas publishedundertheauthorityofthe StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31
2、 March2009ISBN9780580916359BS ISO 26868:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementationofISO 26868:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations, to Subcommitteetransfer systems.A list of organizations repres
3、ented on this subcommittee can be obtainedThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof acontract. Users areresponsible for itscorrect application.Compliance withaBritish Standard cannotconfer immunityfrom legal obligations.ACE/68/-/7, Space systems and operations - Spa
4、ce data and informationon request to its secretary.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 September 2015Implementation of ISO corrected text 1 July 2012This corrected version of ISO 26868:2009 also incorporates the corrections of Technical Corrigendum CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Cor.3, S
5、eptember 2011. Corrections are identified by a bar in the margin and the designation “Cor.3”; a summary of corrections is given on page v of the enclosed CCSDS publication. In addition, the information in Clause 2 of this International Standard has been updated. The British Standards Institution 201
6、5. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015Reference numberISO 26868:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO26868First edition2009-02-01Corrected version2012-07-01Space data and information transfer systems Image data compression Systmes de transfert des donnes et informations spatiales Compression
7、 des donnes dimages ISO 26868:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing t
8、he editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file
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10、iat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing
11、from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 26868:2
12、009ISO 26868:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. E
13、ach member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internati
14、onal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standa
15、rds adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
16、 of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 26868 was prepared by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) (as CCSDS 122.0-B-1, November 2005, incorporating the Technical Corrigenda CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Cor.1, July 2006, and CCS
17、DS 122.0-B-1 Cor.2, July 2008) and was adopted (without modifications except those stated in Clause 2 of this International Standard) by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13, Space data and information transfer systems. This corrected version of ISO 26868:20
18、09 also incorporates the corrections of Technical Corrigendum CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Cor.3, September 2011. Corrections are identified by a bar in the margin and the designation “Cor.3“; a summary of corrections is given on page v of the enclosed CCSDS publication. In addition, the information in Clause 2
19、of this International Standard has been updated. BS ISO 26868:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26868:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Space data and information transfer systems Image data compression 1 Scope This International Standard establishes a data compression algorithm applicable to two-d
20、imensional digital spatial image data from payload instruments and specifies how this compressed data is formatted into segments to enable decompression at the receiving end. Source coding for data compression is a method utilized in data systems to reduce the volume of digital data to achieve benef
21、its in areas including, but not limited to: reduction of transmission channel bandwidth; reduction of the buffering and storage requirement; reduction of data-transmission time at a given rate. The scope and field of application are further detailed in subclauses 1.2 and 1.3 of the enclosed CCSDS pu
22、blication. 2 Requirements Requirements are the technical recommendations made in the following publication (reproduced on the following pages), which is adopted as an International Standard: CCSDS 122.0-B-1, November 20051), Image data compression For the purposes of international standardization, t
23、he modifications outlined below shall apply to the specific clauses and paragraphs of publication CCSDS 122.0-B-1. Pages i to v This part is information which is relevant to the CCSDS publication only. Page B-1 Add the following information to the reference indicated: B2 Document CCSDS 121.0-B-1, Ma
24、y 1997, is equivalent to ISO 15887:2000. B3 Document CCSDS 133.0-B-1, September 2003, is equivalent to ISO 22646:2005. B5 Document CCSDS 732.0-B-2, July 2006, is equivalent to ISO 22666:2007. 1) Incorporating the Technical Corrigenda CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Cor.1, July 2006, CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Cor.2, July 2008
25、, and CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Cor.3, September 2011. BS ISO 26868:2009ISO 26868:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3 Revision of publication CCSDS 122.0-B-1 It has been agreed with the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems that Subcommittee ISO/TC 20/SC 13 will be consulted in the event of any re
26、vision or amendment of publication CCSDS 122.0-B-1. To this end, NASA will act as a liaison body between CCSDS and ISO. BS ISO 26868:2009Recommendation for Space Data System Standards IMAGE DATA COMPRESSION RECOMMENDED STANDARD CCSDS 122.0-B-1 BLUE BOOKNovember 2005 Note:This currentissue includesal
27、l updates throughTechnical Corrigendum3,dated September 2011.ISO 26868:2009(E)3 ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 26868:2009CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR IMAGE DATA COMPRESSION CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Page i November 2005 AUTHORITY Issue: Recommended Standard, Issue 1 Date: November 2005 Location: Washing
28、ton, DC, USA This document has been approved for publication by the Management Council of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and represents the consensus technical agreement of the participating CCSDS Member Agencies. The procedure for review and authorization of CCSDS Recomme
29、nded Standards is detailed in Procedures Manual for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, and the record of Agency participation in the authorization of this document can be obtained from the CCSDS Secretariat at the address below. This Recommended Standard is published and maintained b
30、y: CCSDS Secretariat Space Communications and Navigation Office, 7L70 Space Operations Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA ISO 26868:2009(E)5 ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 26868:2009CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR IMAGE DATA COMPRESSION CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Page ii No
31、vember 2005 STATEMENT OF INTENT The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is an organization officially established by the management of its members. The Committee meets periodically to address data systems problems that are common to all participants, and to formulate sound technica
32、l solutions to these problems. Inasmuch as participation in the CCSDS is completely voluntary, the results of Committee actions are termed Recommended Standards and are not considered binding on any Agency. This Recommended Standard is issued by, and represents the consensus of, the CCSDS members. E
33、ndorsement of this Recommended Standard is entirely voluntary. Endorsement, however, indicates the following understandings: o Whenever a member establishes a CCSDS-related standard, this standard will be in accord with the relevant Recommended Standard. Establishing such a standard does not preclud
34、e other provisions which a member may develop. o Whenever a member establishes a CCSDS-related standard, that member will provide other CCSDS members with the following information: - The standard itself. - The anticipated date of initial operational capability. - The anticipated duration of operati
35、onal service. o Specific service arrangements shall be made via memoranda of agreement. Neither this Recommended Standard nor any ensuing standard is a substitute for a memorandum of agreement. No later than five years from its date of issuance, this Recommended Standard will be reviewed by the CCSD
36、S to determine whether it should: (1) remain in effect without change; (2) be changed to reflect the impact of new technologies, new requirements, or new directions; or (3) be retired or canceled. In those instances when a new version of a Recommended Standard is issued, existing CCSDS-related membe
37、r standards and implementations are not negated or deemed to be non-CCSDS compatible. It is the responsibility of each member to determine when such standards or implementations are to be modified. Each member is, however, strongly encouraged to direct planning for its new standards and implementati
38、ons towards the later version of the Recommended Standard. ISO 26868:2009(E)6 ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 26868:2009CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR IMAGE DATA COMPRESSION CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Page iii November 2005 FOREWORD Through the process of normal evolution, it is expected that expansion, del
39、etion, or modification of this document may occur. This Recommended Standard is therefore subject to CCSDS document management and change control procedures, which are defined in the Procedures Manual for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. Current versions of CCSDS documents are main
40、tained at the CCSDS Web site: http:/www.ccsds.org/ Questions relating to the contents or status of this document should be addressed to the CCSDS Secretariat at the address indicated on page i. ISO 26868:2009(E)7 ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 26868:2009CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR IMAGE DATA
41、COMPRESSION CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Page iv November 2005 At time of publication, the active Member and Observer Agencies of the CCSDS were: Member Agencies Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)/Italy. British National Space Centre (BNSC)/United Kingdom. Canadian Space Agency (CSA)/Canada. Centre National dEtudes
42、 Spatiales (CNES)/France. Deutsches Zentrum fr Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)/Germany. European Space Agency (ESA)/Europe. Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos)/Russian Federation. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/Brazil. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Japan. National Aeronauti
43、cs and Space Administration (NASA)/USA. Observer Agencies Austrian Space Agency (ASA)/Austria. Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BFSPO)/Belgium. Central Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash)/Russian Federation. Centro Tecnico Aeroespacial (CTA)/Brazil. Chinese Academy of Space Tech
44、nology (CAST)/China. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)/Australia. Danish Space Research Institute (DSRI)/Denmark. European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)/Europe. European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT
45、)/Europe. Hellenic National Space Committee (HNSC)/Greece. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)/India. Institute of Space Research (IKI)/Russian Federation. KFKI Research Institute for Particle Corrects wording in 4.3.1.6, 4.3.3, 4.3.1.7, 4.3.3.1, and 4.3.3.2 where a literal reading of the (unc
46、orrected) standard would have had a user encode a negative number of bits. S 122.0-B-1 Cor. 3 Sept r 2011 ISO 26868:2009(E)9 ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 26868:2009CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR IMAGE DATA COMPRESSION CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Page vi November 2005 CONTENTS Section Page1 INTRODUCTION 1-
47、11.1 PURPOSE . 1-11.2 SCOPE 1-11.3 APPLICABILITY . 1-11.4 RATIONALE 1-11.5 CONVENTION 1-21.6 DEFINITION 1-21.7 NOMENCLATURE . 1-31.8 REFERENCES . 1-32 OVERVIEW . 2-12.1 GENERAL 2-12.2 DATA DELIVERY. 2-23 DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM 3-13.1 OVERVIEW . 3-13.2 IMAGE FRAME . 3-23.3 ONE-
48、DIMENSIONAL SINGLE-LEVEL DWT 3-33.4 INVERSE DWT . 3-53.5 TWO-DIMENSIONAL SINGLE-LEVEL DWT 3-73.6 INVERSE OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL DWT 3-83.7 MULTI-LEVEL TWO-DIMENSIONAL DWT . 3-83.8 INVERSE MULTI-LEVEL 2-D DWT . 3-93.9 SUBBAND WEIGHTS 3-104 THE BIT PLANE ENCODER (BPE) 4-14.1 OVERVIEW . 4-14.2 SEGMENT HEAD
49、ER 4-54.3 INITIAL CODING OF DC COEFFICIENTS 4-184.4 SPECIFYING THE AC BIT DEPTH IN EACH BLOCK 4-244.5 BIT PLANE CODING 4-25ISO 26868:2009(E)10 ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 26868:2009CCSDS RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR IMAGE DATA COMPRESSION CCSDS 122.0-B-1 Page vii November 2005 CONTENTS (continued) Section Page5 SECURITY . 5-15.1 INTRODUCTION 5-15.2 SECURITY CONCERNS WITH RESPECT TO THIS RECOMMENDED STANDARD 5-15.3 POTENTIAL THREATS AND ATTACK SCENARIOS 5-25.4 CONSEQUENCES
