1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 3894:2015Road vehicles Wheels/rimsfor commercial vehicles TestmethodsBS ISO 3894:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 3894:2015. Itsupersedes BS ISO 3894:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its prepara
2、tion was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AUE/4, Tyres and wheels for motor vehicles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its c
3、orrectapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 85449 1ICS 43.040.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strat
4、egy Committee on 31 August 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 3894:2015 ISO 2015Road vehicles Wheels/rims for commercial vehicles Test methodsVhicules routiers Roues/jantes pour vhicules utilitaires Mthodes dessaiINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO3894Fourth edition2015-08-01Refe
5、rence numberISO 3894:2015(E)BS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
6、electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Ve
7、rnier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 General requirement 25 Wheels Dynamic cornering fatigue test 25.1 Equipment . 25.2 Pr
8、ocedure 25.2.1 Preparation . 25.2.2 Bending moment application 25.3 Bending moment determination . 35.4 Test termination 36 Wheels Dynamic radial fatigue test . 56.1 Equipment . 56.2 Procedure 66.3 Radial load determination 66.4 Test termination 7Annex A (informative) Recommended test factors and te
9、st cycles . 8Bibliography 9 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norma
10、lly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in th
11、e work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the
12、different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documen
13、t may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/p
14、atents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO princ
15、iples in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road Vehicles, Subcommittee SC 33, Vehicle dynamics and chassis components.This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (
16、ISO 3894:2005), which has been technically revised with the following changes: the Annex has been changed to informative; 5.2 clarifies the test adapter; Figures 2 and 3 are added for the cornering test; Figure 1 title is corrected; the test factors and cycles agreed to in TC22/SC19/WG3 N151 Resolut
17、ion 65 are included in the Annex.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)IntroductionThis International Standard was developed in response to requests to establish uniform test methods to evaluate certain fatigue strength characteristics of wheels used on commercial vehicles.T
18、he standardization of test methods allows manufacturers of vehicles and/or wheels to evaluate their products in a uniform manner. By using these methods, wheels from different parts of the world can be compared and evaluated for use. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 3894:2015BS ISO 3894:2015Road
19、 vehicles Wheels/rims for commercial vehicles Test methods1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies two laboratory methods for testing certain essential strength characteristics of disc wheels intended for road use on commercial vehicles, buses, trailers, and multipurpose passenger vehicles, as d
20、efined in ISO 3833.The test methods are dynamic cornering fatigue test and dynamic radial fatigue test.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cit
21、ed applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3833, Road vehicles Types Terms and definitionsISO 3911, Wheels and rims for pneumatic tyres Vocabulary, designation and marking3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this doc
22、ument, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3911 and the following apply.3.1test bolt (fasteners)test bolt is a bolt that is attached to the hub/test fixture before mounting the wheel3.2wheel nut (fasteners)nut for fastening the wheel as a set with the test bolts (fasteners) (3.1)3.3load ratingval
23、ue obtained by converting the force to mass which can be loaded under defined conditions to the tyres which can be applied to the test wheel3.4maximum vertical static loadmaximum value of the vertical load acting on the tyresNote 1 to entry: It is specified by the wheel manufacturer or the vehicle m
24、anufacturer and it derives from the specifications of a vehicle which is intended to use the test wheel.3.5crackmaterial separation with a propagation of more than 10 mm occurring during a testNote 1 to entry: The inspection by method for liquid penetrant that are defined in ISO 3452-1.INTERNATIONAL
25、 STANDARD ISO 3894:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)4 General requirementOnly fully processed new wheels which are equivalent of wheels intended for the vehicle shall be used for the tests.5 Wheels Dynamic cornering fatigue test5.1 EquipmentThe test machine shall
26、 have a driven rotatable device whereby either the wheel rotates under the influence of a stationary bending moment (see Figure 1) or the wheel is stationary and is subjected to a rotating bending moment (see Figure 2).5.2 Procedure5.2.1 PreparationClamp the rim of the wheel securely to the test fix
27、ture. The adaptor face of the test machine shall have equivalent mounting systems to those used on the vehicle. The mating surface of the test adaptor and wheel shall be free of excessive scoring and deformation, and excessive build-up of paint, dirt, or foreign matter.Attach the load arm and adapto
28、r assembly to the mounting surface of the wheel using test bolts and wheel nuts. The test bolt and wheel nuts used shall be equivalent to those used in a vehicle, in good condition, and lubricated or non-lubricated in accordance with the state of being applied to a vehicle (as specified by the vehic
29、le manufacturer).Tighten these wheel nuts at the beginning of the test to the vehicle or wheel manufacturers specified torque values.Wheel bolts or nuts can be retightened during the test.5.2.2 Bending moment applicationTo impart a bending moment to the wheel, apply a force, F, parallel to the plane
30、 of the wheel mounting surface at a specified distance, I (moment arm), as shown in Figures 1 and 2.Maintain the bending moment within 2,5 % of the calculated value.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)5.3 Bending moment determinationDetermine the bending moment M (force F m
31、oment arm I), in Newton metres, using Formula (1):MRdFS=+()v(1)where is the assumed coefficient of friction developed between tyre and road (see Table A.1);R is the radius, in metres, of either of the following: the largest value of the static loaded radius of the tyres which can be applied to the w
32、heel; the largest value of the static loaded radius of the tyres which is specified by the wheel or the vehicle manufacturer;d is the inset or outset (positive for inset; negative for outset), of the wheel, in metres (see ISO 3911). If the wheel can be used as both an inset and outset wheel, then th
33、e inset value shall be used;Fvis the maximum vertical static load which is specified by the wheel or the vehicle manufac-turer;S is the accelerated test factor (see Table A.1).5.4 Test terminationThe test shall be terminated in either of the two following circumstances: inability of wheel to sustain
34、 load; propagation of a crack or cracks existing prior to test or new visible stress-caused cracks penetrating through a section of the wheel. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)a) Bottom clamping method b) Top clamping methodKey1 pivot point2 loading arm3 wheel4 fastener5
35、 rim centre plane6 rotary disc7 adaptor8 wheel nutsaLoad, F.bMoment arm, l (0,5 m to 1,4 m).cInset, d.Figure 1 Example of dynamic cornering fatigue test fixture the wheel rotates under the influence of a stationary bending moment4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)a) Bottom
36、 clamping method b) Top clamping methodKey1 pivot point2 loading arm3 wheel4 fastener5 rim centre plane6 rotary disc7 adaptor8 wheel nutsaLoad, F.bMoment arm, l (0,5 m to 1,4 m).cInset, d.Figure 2 Example of dynamic cornering fatigue test fixture rotating bending moment6 Wheels Dynamic radial fatigu
37、e test6.1 EquipmentThe test machine shall be equipped with a means of imparting a constant radial load as the wheel rotates. There are many means of imparting radial loads: the suggested equipment incorporates a driven rotatable drum set which presents a smooth surface wider than the loaded test tyr
38、e section width. The recommended minimum external diameter of the drum is 1 700 mm.The test wheel and tyre fixture shall provide loading normal to the drum external surface and in line radially with the centre of the test wheel and drum. The axes of the drum and test wheel shall be parallel (see Fig
39、ure 3). For dual application wheel, it shall be tested as a single application.The mating surfaces of the test adaptor and wheel shall be free of excessive scoring and deformation, and excessive build-up of paint, dirt, or foreign matter. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E
40、)6.2 ProcedureTyres used in this test shall meet the following: tyre which have load rating of maximum value in the tyres which are applied to the test wheel; tyre which is specified by the wheel manufacturer or the vehicle manufacturer. Select the tyre of maximum load rating if there is more than o
41、ne tyre which are specified by the vehicle or wheel manufacturer.The test bolts and wheel nuts used shall be equivalent to those used in a vehicle, in good condition, and lubricated or non-lubricated in accordance with the state of being applied to a vehicle (as specified by the vehicle manufacturer
42、).Tighten the wheel nuts to the torque limits specified by the vehicle or wheel manufacturer for stud size and type of nut used.Check nut torque values and reset them periodically during the course of the test in order to compensate for the wearing-in of mating surfaces of nuts and bolt holes.The te
43、st load and tyre inflation pressures are based on wheel ratings. Test inflation pressures are shown in Table 1.Table 1 Tyre test inflation pressuresUnit kPaTyre test pressure at usage loadTyre test pressureup to 310 450320 to 450 550460 to 580 690590 to 720 900730 to 830 1 000a)100 kPa = 1 bar.The l
44、oad system shall maintain the specified load within 5 % of the calculated value.6.3 Radial load determinationDetermine the radial load, Fr, in Newtons, using Formula (2):FFxKrv = (2)whereFvis the maximum vertical static load which is specified by the wheel or the vehicle manufac-turer;K is the accel
45、erated test load factor (see Table A.2).6 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)6.4 Test terminationThe test shall be terminated in either of the two following circumstances: inability of wheel to sustain the load or tyre pressure; propagation of a crack or cracks existing prio
46、r to test or new visible stress-caused cracks penetrating through a section of the wheel.Key1 driven drum2 tyre3 wheelaRadial load, Fr.Figure 3 Example of dynamic radial fatigue test fixture ISO 2015 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)Annex A (informative) Recommended test factors
47、and test cyclesTo permit uniform application of the test methods specified, the test factors and minimum test cycles shown in Tables A.1 and A.2 are recommended when conducting the tests.Table A.1 Test factors for wheels Dynamic cornering fatigue testMaterialAccelerated test factorSMinimum test cycl
48、esX1000Coefficient of friction1,60 18 1,50 22 Steela1,45 24 1,33 30 1,30 32 1,10 50 0,72,00 50 1,80 60 1,63 80 Aluminiuma1,50 100 1,40 200 1,35 250 aExcluding diameter 17,5 size cod and larger with rim width of 266,7 mm and wider (wide base truck/bus wheels).Table A.2 Test factors for wheels Dynamic
49、 radial fatigue testMaterialAccelerated test factoraKMinimum test cyclesX10002,0 500Steel 1,9 6001,8 7001,7 8501,6 1 0002,8 1002,6 140Aluminium 2,0 100aUse load factor to achieve adequate Tyre life to run the test.8 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E)Bibliography1 ISO 4107, Commercial vehicles Wheel-hub attachment dimensions ISO 2015 All rights reserved 9BS ISO 3894:2015ISO 3894:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reservedICS 43
