1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 4268:2000 ISO 4268
2、:2000 ICS 75.180.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Petroleum and liquid petroleum products Temperature measurements Manual methodsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published
3、 under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 2000 BSI 12-2000 ISBN 0 580 36770 3 BS ISO 4268:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4268:2000 and implements it as the UK n
4、ational standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PTI/12, Petroleum measurement and sampling, to Subcommittee PTI/12/1, Static and dynamic petroleum measurement, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the respons
5、ible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on r
6、equest to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility o
7、f the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
8、 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber ISO4268:2000(E) IN
9、TERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4268 Firstedition 2000-09-15 Petroleumandliquidpetroleumproducts TemperaturemeasurementsManual methods PtroleetproduitsptroliersliquidesMesuragesdelatemprature MthodesmanuellesISO4268:2000(E) ii ISO4268:2000(E)iii Contents Forewordv Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normativereferen
10、ces1 3 Introductiontoprecautions1 4 Precautionsrelatingtoprocedures.2 5 Precautionsrelatingtosafety3 5.1 Introduction3 5.2 Generalsafetyprecautions.3 5.3 Specialsafetyprecautions.4 6 Equipment5 7 Portableelectronicthermometers(PETs).5 7.1 Introduction5 7.2 Accuracyrequirements.5 7.3 Sensingelements5
11、 7.4 Electricalsafety6 7.5 Selectionandoperationofportableelectronicthermometers.6 8 Liquid-in-glassthermometers9 8.1 General9 8.2 Accuracyandresolution.9 8.3 Specifications.9 8.4 Generalrequirementsforliquid-in-glassthermometers.10 8.5 Periodicchecksofliquid-in-glassthermometers10 8.6 Armouredcases
12、forliquid-in-glassthermometers11 9 Precautionstobetakenwhenselectingandusingliquid-in-glassthermometers11 9.1 Selectionofthermometers.11 9.2 Detectionandpreventionoferrorsinliquid-in-glassthermometers.13 9.3 Emergent-stemcorrection13 10 Tanksamplingmethods13 10.1 Cup-casethermometer13 10.2 Flushing-
13、casethermometer14 10.3 Sampling-bottlemethods16 11 Vapour-locksamplersandassociatedthermometers.16 11.1 Vapour-locksonpressurizedtanks.16 11.2 Outlinedescription16 12 Permanentlyinstalledspotthermometers17 12.1 Angle-stemthermometers17 12.2 Tank-bottomliquid-in-glassthermometers19 12.3 Accuracyandre
14、solution.19 13 Bimetal-actuatedthermometerwithdial.19 13.1 Introduction19 13.2 Description.19 13.3 Accuracyandresolution.19 14 Procedures.19ISO4268:2000(E) iv 15 Liquidsinpressurizedtanks19 15.1 Introduction19 15.2 Generalprinciples20 15.3 Equipment.20 15.4 Proceduresforpressurizedtanks20 16 Liquids
15、invapour-tighttanks22 16.1 Introduction22 16.2 Generalprinciples23 16.3 Equipment.23 16.4 Procedureforvapour-tighttanks.23 17 Liquidsinnon-pressurizednon-insulatedtanksatornearambienttemperature,orinnon- pressurizedinsulatedtanks24 17.1 Introduction24 17.2 Equipment.24 17.3 Procedures.24 17.4 Vertic
16、alcylindricalfixed-rooftanks.26 17.5 Floating-rooftanks27 17.6 Horizontalandinclinedcylindricaltanks27 17.7 Railwagonsandroadvehiclescarryingtanks.27 17.8 Shipandbargecargotanks28 18 Liquidsinnon-pressurizednon-insulatedtanksattemperaturesdifferingbymorethan15C fromambient28 18.1 Introduction28 18.2
17、 Generalprinciple28 18.3 Equipment.29 18.4 Measurementprocedure.29 19 Proceduresfortheverificationofpermanentlyinstalledtankthermometers30 19.1 Introduction30 19.2 Specificationofreferencethermometer30 19.3 Verificationprocedureforverticalcylindricaltanks30 19.4 Verificationprocedureforothertankswit
18、hnon-uniformverticalcross-sectionalarea31 20 Proceduresforusingapermanentlyinstalledspotthermometer31 20.1 Introduction31 20.2 Locationofsingle-pointspotthermometers31 20.3 Specificationofthermometers.31 20.4 Verificationofrepresentivityofsingle-pointspotthermometermeasurements31 20.5 Procedureforus
19、ingsingle-pointspotthermometers.32ISO4268:2000(E)v Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubje
20、ctforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandar
21、dization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. Atten
22、tionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO4268waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC28,Petroleumproductsand lubricants,SubcommitteeSC3,Staticpetr
23、oleummeasurement.ISO4268:2000(E) vi Introduction Inallcalculationsconcernedwiththemeasurementofbulkquantitiesofpetroleumandpetroleumproducts, whetherintermsofvolumeatstandardtemperatureorintermsofmassorapparentmass-in-air,aknowledgeof themeantemperatureoftheoilisrequired.Thefollowingrecommendationsf
24、orthedeterminationofthe temperatureofthecontentsofstoragetanks,includingtankscarriedbyroadandrailvehiclesandcompartmentsof bargesandships,aredesignedtoprovidethemostreliablemeasurementofthemeantemperatureunderthe givenconditions. Itcannotbetoostronglyemphasizedthaterrorsintemperaturemeasurementcanac
25、countforthelargerpartofthe totalerrorinquantitativemeasurementofpetroleumandliquidpetroleumproducts,andgreatcareistherefore neededintheselectionanduseoftemperature-measuringequipment.Themethodsspecifiedshouldbefollowed inscrupulousdetailifthefinalmeasurementistohavethesmallestpossibleuncertainty. Ga
26、ugersemployedintemperaturemeasurementshouldbefullytrainedandinstructedintheapplicationofthe proceduresofthisInternationalStandard.Theyshouldbeinstructedtoreportanydeviationsthatareunavoidable.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO4268:2000(E)1 PetroleumandliquidpetroleumproductsTemperature measurementsManualmeth
27、ods 1 Scope ThisInternationalStandardspecifiesmethods,proceduresandequipmentforthemanualmeasurementofthe temperatureofbulkquantitiesofpetroleumandpetroleumproductsinstoragetanks. Thepreferredmethodistouseaportableelectronicthermometerasdescribedinclause7.Othermethods includedusepermanentlyinstalledi
28、ndicatingthermometersofthespot-measurementtypeandtemperature determinationbysamplingmethodsusingcup-casethermometers,flushing-casethermometers,andthermometers withinconventionaltanksamplestakeninaccordancewithISO3170. ThisInternationalStandardexcludesaveragingthermometersformingpartofanautomaticgaug
29、ingsystem.These aredescribedinISO4266. Itisrealizedthat,inmanycountries,someoralloftheitemscoveredbythisInternationalStandardarethesubject ofmandatoryregulationsimposedbythelawsofthosecountries;suchregulationsmustberigorouslyobserved.In casesofconflictbetweensuchmandatoryregulationsandthisInternatio
30、nalStandard,theformerprevails. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthese publicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsb
31、asedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedto investigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.For undatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIEC maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO38
32、6:1977,Liquidin-glasslaboratorythermometersPrinciplesofdesignconstructionanduse. ISO3170:1988,PetroleumliquidsManualsampling. ISO4266:1994,PetroleumandliquidpetroleumproductsDirectmeasurementoftemperatureandlevelin storagetanksAutomaticmethods. ISO4512: 1) ,PetroleumandliquidpetroleumproductsEquipme
33、ntformeasurementofliquidlevelsinstorage tanksManualmethods. 3 Introductiontoprecautions Clauses4and5outlinetheprecautionswhichareapplicablewheneverthetemperatureofabulkquantityofoilis tobedetermined.Foremphasis,theprecautionsnecessarytoensurethesafetyoftheoperatororthesafeworking oftheplant(clause5)
34、aredealtwithseparatelyfromthoseprecautionsthatshallbetakenduringtheprocedure used,toensurethemostreliablemeasurementoftemperature(clause4). 1)Tobepublished.ISO4268:2000(E) 2 Certainspecialprecautionsthatarenecessarywhenapplyingsomeoftheequipmentspecifiedaredealtwith subsequentlyintheclausesrelatingt
35、othatequipment. 4 Precautionsrelatingtoprocedures Whateverapparatusisusedfortakingtemperaturemeasurements,thefollowingprecautionsshallbetaken. a) Wheneverdeterminationofthetemperatureofthecontentsofatankismadebeforeandafteramovementof abulkquantityofoil,thesamegeneralprocedureshallbefollowedineachca
36、se. NOTE1Tominimizemeasurementuncertainties,itisrecommendedthatthesameequipmentshouldbeusedforboth theopeningandclosingmeasurements. Ifliquid-in-glassthermometersareused,careshallbetakentoavoidparallaxerrors. b) Temperaturedeterminationforrefereepurposesshallbemadeundertheimmediatesupervisionofaskil
37、led personwithpreviousexperienceinoilmeasurement.Readingsshallberecordedimmediatelyandagreed uponbyallinterestedpartiesbeforethegaugerandapparatusleavethetankorcontainer. c) Thethermometerreadingobtainedoneachspotmeasurementmadeateachlevelinatank,thedateandthe timeshallberecordedimmediatelythereadin
38、gistaken.Thenumberofthetank,thepositionoftheaccess point(gauge-hatchorvapour-lockvalve),andthelevelatwhicheachmeasurementwasmade(orfromwhich eachsamplewasdrawn)shallbeclearlyindicatedinthegaugersnotes.Ingeneral,thecalculationofthe meantemperatureofthecontentsofthetankfromtheobservedtemperaturesshall
39、notbepartofthegaugers duties. d) Temperaturedeterminationshallbemadethroughopeningsgivingdirectaccesstothebulkofoilinthetank. Still-wellsorthermo-wellsshallnotbeused,exceptasdescribedinthisInternationalStandard. NOTE2Iftemperaturemeasurementsaremadethroughastill-well(guidepole),itisessentialthatthes
40、till-wellbe perforatedthroughoutitsworkinglengthtoensurethatthetemperaturemeasurementsarerepresentativeofthebulktank contents. e) Temperaturemeasurementsshallbemadeimmediatelyafterthelevelofthecontentswithinthetankhasbeen determined(seeISO4512). Thedepthofanyfreewaterinatankshallbeascertainedbeforet
41、emperaturedeterminationsaremade,so thatthecorrectlevelsforthemeasurementoftemperaturecanbeproperlydetermined(seeTable2). f) Ifprotectivemetalcasesareusedforliquid-in-glassthermometers8.6andFigures1a)and1b),theyshall permitfreeaccessoftheoiltothethermometerbulb,andampleprovisionshallbemadeforviewingt
42、hescale. Sufficienttimeshallalwaysbeallowedforthecasetotakeupthetemperatureoftheoilbeforethereadingis taken. g) Ifatankisprovidedwithmorethanoneaccesspoint(gauge-hatchorvapour-lockvalve),eachoneshallhave anumber,orothermeansofidentification,clearlymarkedonornearit.Therecordedresultsofalltemperature
43、measurementsshallclearlyindicatetheaccesspointfromwhichtheywereobtained. NOTE3Temperaturesshouldnotbetakenwithin500mmofthewalls(shell)ofaverticalcylindricaltankinordertoavoid extraneousthermaleffects.Inolderverticalcylindricaltanks,gauge-hatchesandroofmanholesmaybesituatednearerthe tankshell.Insuchc
44、ases,itisrecommendedthatconsiderationbegiventotheprovisionofanewaccesspointinthe preferredposition.Innewtanks,itisrecommendedthataccesspoints(gauge-hatchesorvapour-lockvalves)shouldbe positionedwiththeircentresnotlessthan500mmfromthetankshellandsitedsoastobeclearofbottomfittings. NOTE4Whileitmaybepo
45、ssibletoobtaintemperaturemeasurementsfrommorethanoneaccesspoint,theassociated measurementofstocklevelwithinthetankshouldonlybeobtainedfromthataccesspointtowhichthetankcapacitytable relates.ISO4268:2000(E)3 5 Precautionsrelatingtosafety 5.1 Introduction Thesafetyprecautionsgivenin5.2and5.3constituteg
46、oodpractice,butthelistisnotcomprehensive.Itis essentialthatthelistbereadinconjunctionwithanyrelevantsectionsofnational/internationalcodesofsafe practiceinthepetroleumindustry. IncasesofconflictbetweenthisInternationalStandardandlegalregulationsornationalsafetycodes,thelatter shallbefollowed;otherwis
47、e,theprovisionsofthisInternationalStandardshallbeobserved. 5.2 Generalsafetyprecautions Thefollowingsafetyprecautionsapplyinallcases. a) Allregulationscoveringentryintohazardousareasshallberigorouslyobserved. b) Accessladders,stairways,platformsandhandrailsshallbemaintainedinastructurallysafeconditi
48、on. c) Theplantandequipmentshallbeadequatelymaintained,anditisstronglyrecommendedthataregular inspectionbemadebyacompetentperson. d) Gaugersshallbeprovidedwithcarriersfortheirequipmentinorderthatatleastonehandisfreeforclimbing ladders,etc. e) Handlampsandelectrictorches(flashlights)shallbeofanapprov
49、edtype. f) Footwearandclothing(forexamplenylonoveralls)capableofcausingsparksshallnotbeworninareaswhere flammablevapoursarelikelytobepresent. NOTE1Footwearandglovesshouldbesufficientlyconductivetodissipateanyelectrostaticchargesafely. g) Careshallbetakenwhenopeningtankaccesspoints(gauge-hatchesorvapour-lockvalves),particularlyon vapour-tighttanks,whichmaybeunderpressure.Iftemperaturemeasurementsareobtainedusingclosedor restrictedPortableElectronicThermometers(PETs)orsamplingmethods,theequipmentshallbeconnected tothevapour-lockvalvebeforethevalveisopened.Ifgaug
