1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 4392-1:2002 Hydraulic fluid power Determination of characteristics of motors Part 1: At constant low speed and constant pressure ICS 23.100.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS ISO 4392-1:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared
2、under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 April 2002 BSI 25 April 2002 ISBN 0 580 39484 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4392-1:2002 and implemen
3、ts it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 7275-1:1990 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/18, Fluid power systems and components, to Subcommittee MCE/18/-/8, Product testing, which has the responsibility to: A list of organiz
4、ations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standa
5、rds Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standar
6、d does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European
7、developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. A
8、mendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 4392-1:2002(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4392-1 Third edition 2002-02-15 Hydraulic fluid power Determination of characteristics of motors Part 1: At constant low speed and constant pressure Transmissions hydrauliques Dter
9、mination des caractristiques des moteurs Partie 1: Essai pression constante et basse vitesse constante ii ISO 4392-1:2002(E) iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Symbols2 5 Test installation .2 6 Pretest data 4 7 Test conditions 5
10、 8 Test procedure.5 9 Expression of results 6 10 Test report 8 Annex A (normative) Classes of measurement accuracy.10 Bibliography11 ISO 4392-1:2002(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The
11、 work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gove
12、rnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. T
13、he main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vot
14、e. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 4392 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4392-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommitt
15、ee SC 8, Product testing. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4392-1:1989), of which it constitutes a minor revision. ISO 4392 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hydraulic fluid power Determination of characteristics of motors: Part 1: At constant lo
16、w speed and constant pressure Part 2: Startability Part 3: At constant flow and at constant torque Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 4392. ISO 4392-1:2002(E) vIntroduction In hydraulic fluid power systems power is transmitted and controlled through a fluid under pressure within an e
17、nclosed circuit. Hydraulic motors are units which transform hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, usually with a rotary output. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4392-1:2002(E)1Hydraulic fluid power Determination of characteristics of motors Part 1: At constant low speed and constant pressure 1 Scope Th
18、is part of ISO 4392 describes a method of determining the low speed characteristics of positive displacement rotary fluid power motors, of either fixed or variable displacement types. The method involves testing at slow speeds which may generate frequencies having a significant influence upon the st
19、eady continuous torque output of the motor and affect the system to which the motor would be connected. The accuracy of measurement is divided into three classes, A, B and C, which are explained in annex A. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through re
20、ference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 4392. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 4392 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the m
21、ost recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3448:1992, Industrial liquid lubricants ISO viscosity cl
22、assification ISO 4391:1983, Hydraulic fluid power Pumps, motors and integral transmissions Parameter definitions and letter symbols ISO 5598:1985, Fluid power systems and components Vocabulary ISO 9110-1:1990, Hydraulic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 1: General measurement principles ISO 91
23、10-2:1990, Hydraulic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 2: Measurement of average steady- state pressure in a closed conduit 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 4392, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4391, ISO 5598 and the following apply. 3.1 complete motor cycle
24、 total angular movement of the motor output shaft needed to achieve a repetitive leakage and/or torque recording NOTE In most motors this will be 360; however, in some, such as gear motors, it may be several shaft revolutions. ISO 4392-1:2002(E) 2 4 Symbols 4.1 The physical quantity letter symbols a
25、nd their suffixes used in this part of ISO 4392 are in accordance with ISO 4391. 4.2 The graphical symbols used in Figure 1 are in accordance with ISO 1219-1. 5 Test installation 5.1 Hydraulic test circuit 5.1.1 A hydraulic test circuit similar to that shown in Figure 1 shall be used. This figure do
26、es not show all the safety devices necessary to protect against damage in the event of component failure. It is important that those responsible for carrying out these tests give due consideration to safeguarding both staff and equipment. NOTE 1 Although Figure 1 illustrates a basic circuit to test
27、a bidirectional motor, a similar but suitably modified circuit is acceptable for testing unidirectional motors. NOTE 2 An additional booster pump circuit may be necessary when testing piston-type motors. 5.1.2 A hydraulic supply (1a and 1b of Figure 1) shall be used and pressure-relief valves (2a an
28、d 2b of Figure 1) shall be installed which satisfy the requirements of 8.2. 5.1.3 A fluid conditioning circuit shall be installed which provides the filtration necessary to protect the test motor and the other circuit components and which will maintain the fluid temperatures specified in clause 7. 5
29、.1.4 If the test motor is equipped with an external case drain, the drain shall be connected to the test motor return line so as to measure total flow see 5.3.1 a). Should the safe pressure for the motor casing be exceeded by the above method, the separate case drain flow and return line flow shall
30、be measured simultaneously. 5.1.5 As an alternative to 5.1.4, a high-pressure flowmeter see 5.3.1 c) may be installed in the motor inlet line to measure the total flow. 5.1.6 The hydraulic ports of the test motor shall be connected to the hydraulic circuit in such a manner that the motor shaft will
31、rotate in the same direction as the constant speed load. 5.2 Test apparatus 5.2.1 A test rig shall be set up which makes use of the test circuit specified in 5.1 and provides the equipment shown in Figure 1. 5.2.2 A positive locking device shall be provided on continuously variable displacement moto
32、rs to prevent the displacement inadvertently changing during the pertinent portion of each test. ISO 4392-1:2002(E) 3Main test circuit Fluid-conditionning circuit Key 1a, 1b 1c Circulating pumps 7 Speed and shaft angle control 2a, 2b, 2c Pressure-relief valves 8 Torque transducer 3a, 3b, 3c Flowmete
33、rs 9 Adjustable constant speed loadc 4a, 4b b , 4c Temperature indicators 10 Cooler 5a, 5b, 5c Pressure indicators 11 Heater 6 Motor being tested 12 Filter aAlternative connections (see 5.1.4). bOptional. cAn example of an adjustable constant speed load is a combination of a worm gearbox(es) with a
34、constant speed drive. Figure 1 Typical hydraulic test circuit for bidirectional motor 5.3 Instrumentation 5.3.1 Measuring instruments shall be selected and installed to measure the following test motor data: a) total flow (see 5.1.4); b) inlet and outlet temperatures; c) inlet and outlet pressure; d
35、) inlet flow (see 5.1.5); e) output torque; f) output shaft speed and angular displacement. ISO 4392-1:2002(E) 4 5.3.2 Instruments shall conform to the requirements of ISO 9110-1 and ISO 9110-2. The systematic errors of the measuring instruments shall be consistent with the chosen class of measureme
36、nt accuracy (see annex A). 5.3.3 Appropriate recording instruments shall be selected and installed which are capable of resolving signals at frequencies greater than 10 times the highest expected fundamental data frequency. 6 Pretest data 6.1 Using the motor manufacturers data and other known facts,
37、 gather the pretest data as follows: a) calculate the rated (geometric or theoretical) torque of the motor, T g, nor T i, n , based upon its geometric or theoretical displacement at rated pressure, using the formula ng g,n 2 p V T = or ni i,n 2 p V T = where p nis the rated differential pressure, V
38、gis the geometric swept volume, V iis the derived swept volume; b) determine the number of displacement pulses per revolution of the motor shaft, taking into account any gearing which would influence the frequency; c) calculate the fundamental data frequency, f e,in hertz, using the formula 60 e e n
39、 f N = where n eis the test speed, in reciprocal minutes; N is the number of displacement pulses taken from 6.1 b). 6.2 Using the motor manufacturers recommended value for rated speed, n n , calculate the ideal (geometric or theoretical) flow at rated speed, q Vg, nor q Vi, n , using the formula g,
40、n n g V qnV = or i, n n i V qnV = 6.3 Determine the fluid viscosity in accordance with ISO 3448. ISO 4392-1:2002(E) 56.4 Estimate the maximum output torque expected to be produced by the motor during the test using the rated torque, T g, nor T i, nas determined in 6.1 a). 7 Test conditions The follo
41、wing test conditions shall apply: a) fluid temperature, , at motor inlet: either 50 C or 80 C; b) inlet pressures: 100 % and 50 % of rated pressure; c) back pressure: to be kept constant at a value within the limits given by the motor manufacturer; d) output shaft speed: the minimum rotational speed
42、 in a given direction recommended by the motor manufacturer, or, if not available, 1 min 1 ; e) displacements: for variable displacement motors, the maximum possible and the minimum recommended by the manufacturer. 8 Test procedure 8.1 Connect the instrumentation and recording apparatus to record di
43、fferential pressure (or, optionally, inlet and outlet pressure), output torque and total flow (see 5.1.5 for option when outlet pressure exceeds safe limit for case pressure). Before starting the test, fill the motor case with fluid, if necessary. 8.2 Maintain the measured inlet and outlet pressure
44、constant to 2 % of the reading, or 1 bar 1)(0,1 MPa), whichever is the greater. 8.3 Maintain the output shaft speed within 2 % of the mean. 8.4 Maintain the measured inlet fluid temperature constant to 2 C for the duration of a recording. Alternatively, ensure that data are recorded only during thos
45、e periods when the temperature is within those limits. 8.5 Establish thermal equilibrium before recording each set of test data. NOTE This may, for example, be achieved by a) disconnecting the motor from the adjustable constant speed load, b) operating the motor at rated speed while maintaining the
46、inlet fluid temperature until outlet fluid temperature has stabilized, c) reconnecting the constant speed load and recording data for the desired combination of test values. 8.6 Make separate simultaneous recordings of each of the variables listed in 8.1 for each combination of test values of differ
47、ential pressure, inlet temperature, displacement and direction of rotation. 8.7 Extend the recording to as many revolutions as are necessary to achieve one complete motor cycle. 8.8 Record the actual measured values and test values of the corresponding parameters. 8.9 Make a note on the recordings o
48、f any tendency of the motor to operate in a jerky or non-uniform manner. 1) 1 bar = 10 5 Pa; 1 Pa = 1 N/m 2ISO 4392-1:2002(E) 6 8.10 When using digital data acquisition techniques, select a sample interval which provides 95 % confidence that the maximum and minimum values of leakage and torque have
49、been determined by pretesting. 8.11 Make a note of any tendency of the motor to be non-repeatable in either torque or leakage. 9 Expression of results NOTE Refer to clause 4 for a fuller explanation of letter symbols and suffixes. 9.1 Determine the volume flow rate, q Ve, , through the test motor for each recording at selected shaft positions, equally divided over one complete motor cycle. It should be noted that in the formula , 2 eiS VV qVq =+ since the angular velocity, = 2n, is very smal
