1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 4392-2:2002 Hydraulic fluid power Determination of characteristics of motors Part 2: Startability ICS 23.100.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS ISO 4392-2:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engi
2、neering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 22 April 2002 BSI 23 April 2002 ISBN 0 580 39482 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4392-2:2002 and implements it as the UK national standa
3、rd. It supersedes BS 7275-2:1990 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/18, Fluid power systems and components, to Subcommittee MCE/18/-/8, Product testing, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subc
4、ommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or b
5、y using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer imm
6、unity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate the
7、m in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments
8、 issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO 4392-2:2002(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4392-2 Third edition 2002-02-15 Hydraulic fluid power Determination of characteristics of motors Part 2: Startability Transmissions hydrauliques Dtermination des caractristiques des moteurs
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14、2002 ISO 4392-2:2002(E) iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Symbols2 5 Test installation .2 6 Constant torque method.4 7 Constant pressure method.5 8 Test report 6 Annex A (normative) Additional physical quantities and their lett
15、er symbols.8 Annex B (normative) Classes of measurement accuracy.12 Annex C (normative) Use of practical units .13 Bibliography14 BSISO43922:20021egaP ISO43922:2002 ISO 4392-2:2002(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
16、 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiza
17、tions, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in t
18、he ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of
19、 the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 4392 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4392-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131,
20、 Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 8, Product testing. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4392-2:1989), of which it constitutes a minor revision. ISO 4392 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hydraulic fluid power Determination of characteristics o
21、f motors: Part 1: At constant low speed and constant pressure Part 2: Startability Part 3: At constant flow and at constant torque Annexes A, B and C form a normative part of this part of ISO 4392. BSISO43922:20021egaP ISO43922:2002 ISO 4392-2:2002(E) vIntroduction In hydraulic fluid power systems p
22、ower is transmitted and controlled through a fluid under pressure within an enclosed circuit. Hydraulic motors are units which transform hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, usually with a rotary output. Startability, the ability of a motor to start, is an important property of hydraulic motors,
23、 when used for specific applications. 2002:22934OSISB1egaP ISO43922:2002 blankINTENRATIONALTS ANDA DR IS-2934 O2:(2002)E ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1Hydraulic fluid power Determination of characteristics of motors Part 2: Startability 1 Scope This part of ISO 4392 specifies two test methods for de
24、termining the startability of rotary hydraulic motors. It describes two comparable methods of measurement, namely the constant torque method (see clause 6) and the constant pressure method (see clause 7). Since the results obtained by these two methods are equivalent, no preference is given to eithe
25、r. Additional physical quantities and their symbols are given in annex A. The accuracy of measurement is divided into three classes, A, B and C, which are explained in annex B. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitu
26、te provisions of this part of ISO 4392. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 4392 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the nor
27、mative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3448:1992, Industrial liquid lubricants ISO viscosity classification ISO 4391:1983, Hy
28、draulic fluid power Pumps, motors and integral transmissions Parameter definitions and letter symbols ISO 5598:1985, Fluid power systems and components Vocabulary ISO 9110-1:1990, Hydraulic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 1: General measurement principles ISO 9110-2:1990, Hydraulic fluid pow
29、er Measurement techniques Part 2: Measurement of average steady- state pressure in a closed conduit 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 4392, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4391, ISO 5598 and the following apply. 3.1 startability ability of a hydraulic motor to start
30、 against a stated load 2002:22934OSISB1 1egaP ISO43922:2002ISO43922:20021ISO 4392-2:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All ritghs reserved 3.2 start at constant torque that point at which there is an abrupt change in the slope of the angular displacement versus pressure characteristic, when the angular displacement
31、 of the motor shaft is measured between the motor and the load 3.3 start at constant pressure that point at which there is an abrupt change in the slope of the angular displacement versus pressure torque characteristic, when the angular displacement of the motor shaft is measured between the motor a
32、nd the load 4 Symbols 4.1 The physical quantity letter symbols and their suffixes used in this part of ISO 4392 are fully explained either in ISO 4391 or annex A and are given in Table 1. Table 1 Symbols and units Quantity Symbol DimensionaSI unitbPressure, differential pressure p, p ML 1 T 2Pa Torq
33、ue T ML 2 T 2Nm Instantaneous displacement v L 3m 3Time t T s Swept volume V L 3m 3aM = mass; L = length; T = time. bThe practical units which may be used for the presentation of results are given in annex C. 4.2 The graphical symbols used in Figure 1 are in accordance with ISO 1219-1. 5 Test instal
34、lation 5.1 Hydraulic test circuit 5.1.1 An appropriate hydraulic test circuit similar to that shown in Figure 1 shall be used. This figure does not incorporate all the safety devices necessary to protect against damage in the event of component failure. It is important that those responsible for car
35、rying out the tests give due consideration to safeguarding both staff and equipment. NOTE 1 Although Figure 1 illustrates a basic circuit to test a unidirectional motor, a similar, symmetrical, but suitably modified, circuit is acceptable for testing bidirectional motors. NOTE 2 An additional booste
36、r pump circuit may be necessary when testing piston-type motors. 5.1.2 A fluid-conditioning circuit shall be installed which provides the filtration necessary to protect the test motor and the other circuit components, and which will maintain the fluid temperature at the motor inlet at either 50 C o
37、r 80 C to within 2 C. 5.1.3 The hydraulic ports of the test motor shall be connected to the hydraulic circuit in such a manner that the motor shaft rotation will oppose the torque loading device. 5.1.4 The maximum test pressure shall not exceed that recommended by the motor manufacturer. BSISO2002:2
38、29342 egaP2 34OSI922:2002ISO43922:20022ISO 4392-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3Alternative loading devices (see 7.1.2) Key 1 Supply pump 2 Pressure control valve (manual) 3 Filter 4 Temperature indicator 5 Pressure indicator 6 Variable restrictor 7 Motor under test 8 Back pressure pump 9 Ba
39、ck pressure control valve 10 Heat exchanger 11 Indexing shaft coupling 12 Beam mounted on hydrostatic bearings 13 Torque transducer 14 Electrical torque load aVariable load. Figure 1 Typical hydraulic circuit Constant torque test on unidirectional motor 5.2 Instrumentation Instruments shall conform
40、to the requirements of ISO 9110-1 and ISO 9110-2. Measuring instruments shall be selected and installed which provide systematic errors which are consistent with the chosen class of measurement accuracy (see annex B). 2002:22934OSISB3 3egaP ISO43922:2002ISO43922:20023ISO 4392-2:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 Al
41、l ritghs reserved 6 Constant torque method 6.1 Test apparatus 6.1.1 A test rig shall be set up which makes use of the test circuit specified in 5.1.1 and which provides the equipment shown in Figure 1 and described in 6.1.2 and 6.1.3. 6.1.2 A suitable torque-loading device, either 12 which will allo
42、w limited rotation of the test motor shaft at start- up, for example a lever arm and adjustable mass at one end, or 14 which allows continuous opposing rotation by a controlled electrical variable torque loading device, shall be provided. 6.1.3 A mechanical stop shall also be provided to prevent the
43、 torque-loading device rotating the motor shaft in the reverse direction. 6.2 Test conditions 6.2.1 The motor being tested shall be in thermal equilibrium before commencing the test. 6.2.2 The constant outlet pressure shall be maintained at the level recommended by the motor manufacturer. 6.2.3 The
44、rate of increase in inlet pressure per second shall be less than or equal to 20 % of the test pressure and shall not significantly influence the starting pressure. 6.2.4 The differential pressure across the motor shall be reduced to less than 5 % of the maximum test pressure or 10 bar 1)(1 MPa), whi
45、chever is the smaller, before embarking on every subsequent set of measurements. NOTE This requirement is not applicable to motors for special applications, e.g. winch drives. 6.2.5 The number of measurements at different shaft positions shall be greater than the minimum number necessary for the max
46、imum starting pressure over one revolution to be found with a confidence level of 95 %. 6.2.6 The torque levels shall be kept constant to 1 %. 6.3 Test procedure 6.3.1 Adjust the back pressure on the motor outlet to a constant value (see 6.2.2). 6.3.2 Gradually increase the inlet pressure until the
47、motor starts to rotate (see 6.2.3). Simultaneously record the angular displacement of the motor shaft against the inlet pressure. 6.3.3 Produce a graph of the recordings obtained in 6.3.2 and note the pressure at which the motor starts to rotate, i.e. the point at which there is an abrupt change in
48、the slope of the characteristic (see 3.2). 6.3.4 Repeat the steps described in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 at a number of different shaft positions (see 6.2.5). 6.3.5 Repeat the steps described in 6.3.2 to 6.3.4 at a number of different torque levels (see 6.2.6) in order that the characteristics over a represen
49、tative range of starting conditions can be obtained. 6.3.6 For bidirectional motors, repeat the steps described in 6.3.2 to 6.3.5 in the reverse direction. 6.4 Expression of results NOTE Refer to clause 4 for a fuller explanation of letter symbols and suffixes. 1) 1 bar = 10 5Pa; 1 Pa = 1 N/m 2 . BS2002:22934OSI4 4egaP ISO43922:2002ISO43922:20024ISO 4392-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 5Calculate the minimum starting efficiency,
