1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 4606:1995 Implementation of ISO4606:1995 Textile glass Woven fabric Determination of tensile breaking force and elongation at break by the strip method ICS 59.100.10BSISO4606:1995 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Board forMaterials a
2、nd Chemicals, waspublished under theauthorityof the StandardsBoardand comesintoeffecton 15December1995 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PRI/42 Draft for comment 91/38554 DC ISBN 0 580 24981 6 Committees responsible for this BritishStan
3、dard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics and prepregs, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation Chemicals Industries Association Department of the Environment (Building Resea
4、rch Establisment) Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Electrical and Electronic Insulation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) European Resin Manufacturers Association Ministry of Defence Motor Industry Association Rapra Technology Ltd. Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ame
5、ndments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO4606:1995 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword iii Text of ISO4606 1BSISO4606:1995 ii BSI 12-1999 National foreword This BritishStandard reproduces verbatim ISO4606:1995 and imp
6、lements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes AppendixC of BS3396-1:1991 which is deleted by amendment. This BritishStandard is published under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals whose Technical Committee PRI/42 has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understan
7、d the text; present to the responsible international committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational and European Standards, as well as oversea
8、s standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI,389 Chiswick High Road, London W44AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does no
9、t of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages1 to6 andabackcover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated.
10、This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.ISO4606:1995 ii BSI 12-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Principle 1 5 Apparatus 1 6 Sampling 2 7 Test specimens 2 8 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing 3 9 Procedure 3 10 E
11、xpression of results 4 11 Precision 4 12 Test report 4 Annex A (informative) Related InternationalStandards 6 Figure 1 Examples of templates forcuttingoutsamples 5 Table 1 Test specimens and test parameters 2ISO4606:1995 BSI 12-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizatio
12、n) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be rep
13、resented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Stand
14、ards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO4606 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC61, Plastics, Subcommittee
15、SC13, Composites and reinforcement fibres. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO4606:1979), of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.iv blankISO4606:1995 BSI 12-1999 1 1 Scope This International Standard sp
16、ecifies a method for the determination of the tensile breaking force and elongation at break of frayed strips of woven textile glass fabrics conditioned in a standard test atmosphere. The method is applicable to unimpregnated textile glass fabrics and to textile glass fabrics that have been impregna
17、ted with sizing or stiffening materials, but not to fabrics coated with rubber or plastics (seeAnnex A for informative references). 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the ti
18、me of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO main
19、tain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO139:1973, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. ISO291:1977, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
20、 3.1 initial gauge length the length of a specimen under a specified pre-tensioning force, measured from nip to nip of the jaws of the clamps holding the specimen, with the clamps in their starting position 3.2 breaking force the maximum force applied to a test specimen in stretching it to rupture 3
21、.3 elongation; extension the increase in length of a specimen under tension, usually expressed as a percentage of the initial length 4 Principle A strip of woven fabric is stretched to rupture by a suitable mechanical apparatus which indicates the breaking force and the elongation at break. The brea
22、king force and the elongation at break may be determined either by taking readings directly from the indicating instruments on the apparatus or from an autographic force/extension curve. Provision is made for two different types of test specimen: Type I is intended for use with stiff fabrics (e.g.sc
23、rim fabrics made with coarse yarns, i.e.yarns with a linear density greater than or equal to300tex, or fabrics in which the yarns are bonded to each other by a finish or stiffening). Type II is intended for more pliable fabrics, due to its easier handling, and thereby reduction of the experimental e
24、rror. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Tensile-testing machine The tensile-testing machine shall comprise the elements described in5.1.1 to5.1.4. 5.1.1 Pair of clamps, suitable for holding the specimen. The clamps shall be wider than the unravelled specimen (see7.1 and7.2), i.e.more than50mm (ormore than25mm see7.1)
25、 wide. The faces of the clamps shall be flat and parallel and shall exert a uniform pressure over the entire width of the specimen. They shall not allow the specimen to slip or to become damaged in any way (a hydraulic or a pneumatic pressure system, for example, may be necessary). The faces of the
26、clamps should preferably be smooth, but when specimens cannot be held satisfactorily, even with packing, serrated or corrugated clamps may be used. Paper, felt, leather or sheets of plastic or rubber may be used as jaw-packing materials. The clamps shall be designed so that the axis of the test spec
27、imen remains aligned with the direction of the applied force throughout the test. The initial distance between the clamps (gauge length) shall be200mm 2mm for typeI test specimens and100mm 1mm for typeII test specimens. 5.1.2 Tensile-testing machine, the reference system being a constant-rate-of-ext
28、ension (CRE) machine capable of producing a specimen-extension rate of100mm/min5mm/min for typeI test specimens and50mm/min3mm/min for typeII test specimens.ISO4606:1995 2 BSI 12-1999 Other types of machine may be used, i.e.constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) and constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) machines,
29、 but there may be no overall correlation between the results obtained with the CRE machine and those obtained with other machines. In cases of dispute, the CRE method shall be the reference method. In the case of CRT and CRL machines, the speed of operation of the machine shall be set to break the s
30、pecimen within5s 2s or, by agreement between the interested parties, within a period of time calculated from the extension at break using the following equation: Table 1 Test specimens and test parameters 5.1.3 Mechanism for indicating or recording the force applied to the specimen, practically free
31、 from inertia at the specified speed of testing. The maximum error in the indicated force shall not, under the conditions of use, be greater than1% of the actual force. 5.1.4 Mechanism for indicating or recording the specimen extension, practically free from inertia at the specified speed of testing
32、 and accurate to within1% of the measured value, or better. 5.2 Other equipment 5.2.1 Template (seeFigure 1), for use in cutting out, from the laboratory sample, an intermediate sample measuring350mm 370mm if typeI test specimens are to be prepared or250mm 270mm if typeII test specimens are to be pr
33、epared. The template has two apertures for marking out the limits of the central (test) portion of the specimens (the gauge length). 5.2.2 Suitable cutting tool, for example a knife, pair of scissors or cutting wheel. 6 Sampling Unless specified otherwise, either in the product specification or by a
34、greement between the interested parties, take a laboratory sample approximately1m long after having removed the outer layer of the roll or piece of fabric, which is susceptible to damage (remove at least1m). 7 Test specimens 7.1 Dimensions 7.1.1 Type I test specimen The length of the test specimen s
35、hall be350mm to allow a gauge length of200mm 2mm. The width of the test specimen, excluding any fringes (unravelled portions of specimen), shall be50mm (see7.2.7). 7.1.2 Type II test specimen The length of the test specimen shall be250mm to allow a gauge length of100mm 1mm. The width of the test spe
36、cimen, excluding any fringes (unravelled portions of specimen), shall be25mm (see7.2.7). 7.1.3 Alternative widths If the number of yarns in the warp and/or weft of the fabric is very small (less than3 per centimetre, for instance), a width of more than50mm may be used for typeI test specimens and a
37、width of more than25mm for typeII test specimens. NOTE 1The results obtained with test specimens of different dimensions and with different rates of extension are not equivalent, and cannot be compared in most cases. 7.2 Preparation Special preparation of the test specimens is necessary to prevent t
38、he ends of the specimen from being damaged by the clamps of the test machine. The following method shall be used. 7.2.1 Take a sheet of stiff paper or cardboard with dimensions at least as large as those of the template(5.2.1). 7.2.2 Spread the fabric out completely flat on the stiff paper or cardbo
39、ard, ensuring that the warp and weft yarns are completely straight and perpendicular to one another. where t B is the time to break, in seconds; E L is the extension at break, in millimetres; CRE is the constant rate of extension, in millimetres per minute (taken from Table 1). Test parameters Units
40、 Test specimen Type I Type II Length of specimen Width of specimen (before unravelling) Gauge length Unravelled width Rate of extension mm mm mm mm mm/min 350 65 200 50 100 250 40 100 25 50 t B E L 60 CRE - =ISO4606:1995 BSI 12-1999 3 7.2.3 Place the template (see6.2.1) on the fabric so that the who
41、le of the template lies over the stiff paper or cardboard and, using the cutting tool(5.2.2), cut through the fabric and paper or cardboard round the outside of the template to produce an intermediate sample with the same external dimensions as the template. For warp-direction specimens, the gauge-l
42、ength side of the template shall lie parallel to the warp threads; for weft-direction specimens, the gauge-length side of the template shall lie parallel to the weft threads. 7.2.4 With a soft pencil, and taking care not to fray the yarns, trace a line along the inside edge of each of the two templa
43、te apertures. Remove the template. 7.2.5 Impregnate the ends of the fabric up to a point75mm in from each end with a suitable adhesive, and bond the ends to the paper or cardboard backing, leaving the central portion between the two pencil lines untreated. NOTE 2The following materials are recommend
44、ed for impregnating the ends of the specimens: a) natural rubber or neoprene solution; b) a solution of poly(butyl methacrylate) in xylene; c) a solution of poly(methyl methacrylate) in diethyl ketone or methyl ethyl ketone; d) epoxy resin (particularly for high-strength materials). The fabric may a
45、lso be impregnated by placing each end between poly(vinyl butyl) sheets so as to leave the central area uncovered. The top surface of the sandwich is covered with a second sheet of stiff paper or cardboard and an electric iron is applied to soften the poly(vinyl butyl) and cause it to penetrate into
46、 the fabric. 7.2.6 After the intermediate sample has dried, cut it, perpendicular to the two pencil lines, into strips65mm wide for typeI test specimens, thus giving specimens measuring350mm 65mm, and into strips40mm wide for typeII test specimens, giving specimens measuring250mm 40mm. Each specimen
47、 thus has an untreated central portion of length200mm for typeI specimens and100mm for typeII specimens, as well as bonded end tabs each of length75mm (seeFigure 1). 7.2.7 Remove yarns in approximately equal numbers from each of the long edges of each specimen, by careful cutting and unravelling unt
48、il the width of the unravelled portion of the specimen is50mm (typeI) or25mm (typeII), or as near to these values as possible. In the case of fabrics made from yarnsU 300 tex (e.g.woven rovings) and open-weave fabrics, remove a whole number of threads, ensuring that the specimen width is as near as
49、possible to, but not less than,50mm (type I) or25mm (typeII), or the alternative width chosen (see7.1.3). In such a case, all test specimens from the same fabric shall contain the same number of threads; the actual width of each specimen shall be measured, the arithmetic mean of the five specimens calculated and the mean value reported, to the nearest1mm, in the test report. 8 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing 8.1 Conditioning atmosphere Condition the specimens for16h, or for a period of time agreed between the in
