1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 4731:2012Essential oil of geranium(Pelargonium x ssp.)BS ISO 4731:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 4731:2012. It
2、 supersedes BS ISO 4731:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/54, Essential oils.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the ne
3、cessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 73718 3 ICS 71.100.60 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Stand
4、ard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 4731:2012 ISO 2012Essential oil of geranium (Pelargonium ssp.)Huile essentielle de granium (Pelargonium ssp.)INTERNATIONAL ST
5、ANDARDISO4731Third edition2012-12-15Reference numberISO 4731:2012(E)BS ISO 4731:2012 ISO 4731:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any m
6、eans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyr
7、ightiso.org Web www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out throug
8、h ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborat
9、es closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards.
10、 Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this d
11、ocument may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 4731 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 54, Essential oils.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4731:2006), which has been technically r
12、evised. ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 4731:2012BS ISO 4731:2012Essential oil of geranium (Pelargonium ssp.)1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies certain characteristics of essential oil of geranium (Pelargonium spp.) coming from different Pelargonium species commonly known as Pelargo
13、nium graveolens, in order to facilitate assessment of its quality.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
14、nt (including any amendments) applies.ISO/TR 210, Essential oils General rules for packaging, conditioning and storageISO/TR 211, Essential oils General rules for labelling and marking of containersISO 212, Essential oils SamplingISO 279, Essential oils Determination of relative density at 20 C Refe
15、rence methodISO 280, Essential oils Determination of refractive indexISO 592, Essential oils Determination of optical rotationISO 875, Essential oils Evaluation of miscibility in ethanolISO 1242, Essential oils Determination of acid valueISO 11024 (all parts), Essential oils General guidance on chro
16、matographic profiles3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1essential oil of geraniumessential oil obtained by steam distillation of the fresh or slightly withered herbaceous parts of Pelargonium spp. of the Geraniaceae family, which hav
17、e given rise to differing ecotypes according to geographical regionsNote 1 to entry: For information on the CAS number, see ISO/TR 21092.24 Requirements4.1 AppearanceClear, mobile liquid.4.2 ColourVarious shades of amber yellow to greenish yellow.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4731:2012(E) ISO 2012 All
18、rights reserved 1BS ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E)For the Bourbon type1): yellowish green to brownish green.4.3 OdourRose-like, with a varying minty note.4.4 Relative density at 20 C, d2020Value North Africa China Bourbon type1MadagascarMinimum 0,885 0,882 0,885 0,887Maximum 0,905 0,899 0,897 0,8974.
19、5 Refractive index at 20 CValue North Africa China Bourbon type1MadagascarMinimum 1,461 1,460 1,460 1,462Maximum 1,475 1,472 1,470 1,4714.6 Acid valueNorth Africa China Bourbon type1Madagascar10 10 10 104.7 Optical rotation at 20 CValue North Africa China Bourbon type1MadagascarMaximum 14 14 17 17Mi
20、nimum 8 7 9 94.8 Miscibility in ethanol 70 % volume fraction at 20 CIt shall not be necessary to use more than 3 volumes of ethanol 70 % volume fraction to obtain a clear solution with 1 volume of essential oil.4.9 Chromatographic profileCarry out the analysis of the essential oil by gas chromatogra
21、phy. Identify in the chromatogram obtained the representative and characteristic components shown in Table 1. The proportions of these components, indicated by the integrator, shall be as shown in Table 1. This constitutes the chromatographic profile of the essential oil.1) Bourbon type includes Reu
22、nion Island origin (Bourbon Island is the former name of Reunion Island).2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E)Table 1 Chromatographic profileComponentNorth Africa China Bourbon typeaMadagascarmin. %max. %min. %max. %min. %max. %min. %max. %(Z)-rose oxide 0,7 1,5 1,3 3,5 0,3
23、1,1 0,4 1,4(E)-rose oxide 0,3 0,6 0,5 1,5 0,1 0,5 0,1 0,6Menthone n.d.b2,1 n.d.b2,5 n.d.b2,0 n.d.b2,0Isomenthone 4,0 8,0 4,0 7,0 5,0 10,0 5,0 10,0Linalool 4,0 8,5 2,0 4,5 8,0 11,0 4,0 10,0Guaia-6,9-diene n.d.b0,5 4,0 7,0 5,0 8,5 5,0 9,0Citronellyl formate 4,0 8,0 7,0 12,0 6,5 11,0 6,5 11,0-Terpineol
24、 0,3 0,6 0,1 0,5 0,3 1,2 0,3 1,0Geranyl formate 2,0 7,0 1,0 3,0 4,0 8,0 3,8 7,0Citronellol 25,0 36,0 32,0 43,0 18,0 26,0 18,0 26,0Geraniol 10,0 18,0 5,0 12,0 12,0 20,0 10,0 20,0Geranyl butyrate 0,7 2,0 0,4 1,0 0,7 2,0 0,7 1,710-epi-Eudesmol 3,0 6,2 n.d.bn.d.bn.d.bn.d.bn.d.bn.d.bGeranyl tiglate 0,9 2
25、,0 1,0 1,6 0,7 2,0 0,7 2,0-Phenylethyl tiglate 0,5 1,2 0,4 1,0 0,4 1,0 0,4 1,0NOTE The chromatographic profile is normative, contrary to typical chromatograms given for information in Annex A.aBourbon type includes Reunion Island origin (Bourbon Island is the former name of Reunion Island).bNot dete
26、ctable.4.10 FlashpointInformation on the flashpoint is given in Annex B.5 SamplingSampling shall be performed in accordance with ISO 212.Minimum volume of test sample: 50 ml.NOTE This volume allows each of the tests specified in this International Standard to be carried out at least once.6 Test meth
27、ods6.1 Relative density at 20 C, d2020Determine the relative density in accordance with ISO 279.6.2 Refractive index at 20 CDetermine the refractive index in accordance with ISO 280.6.3 Optical rotation at 20 CDetermine the optical rotation in accordance with ISO 592. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3B
28、S ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E)6.4 Acid valueDetermine the acid value in accordance with ISO 1242.6.5 Miscibility in ethanol 70 % volume fraction at 20 CDetermine the miscibility in accordance with ISO 875.6.6 Chromatographic profileDetermine the chromatographic profile in accordance with ISO 11024.
29、7 Packaging, labelling, marking and storageThese items shall be in accordance with ISO/TR 210 and ISO/TR 211.4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E)Annex A (informative) Typical chromatograms of the analysis by gas chromatography of essential oil of geranium (Pelargonium spp.)
30、 ISO 2012 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E)KeyPeak identification Operating conditions1 Linalool Column: capillary, length 50 m, internal diameter 0,2 mm2 (Z)-rose oxide Stationary phase: poly dimethylsiloxane3 (E)-rose oxide Film thickness: 0,25 m4 Menthone Oven temperature: tem
31、perature programming from 65 C to 230 C, temperature gradient 2 C/min5 Isomenthone6 -Terpineol Injector temperature: 230 C7 Citronellol Detector temperature: 250 C t time8 Geraniol Detector: flame ionization type9 Citronellyl formate Carrier gas: hydrogen10 Geranyl formate Volume injected: 0,2 l11 G
32、uaia-6,9-diene Carrier gas flow rate: 1,1 ml/min12 Geranyl butyrate Split ratio: 1/10013 Phenylethyl tiglate 14 10-epi-Eudesmol 15 Geranyl tiglate Figure A.1 Typical chromatogram of the analysis of North Africa oil of geranium taken on an apolar column6 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 4731:2012IS
33、O 4731:2012(E)KeyPeak identification Operating conditions1 (Z)-rose oxide Column: capillary, length 50 m, internal diameter 0,2 mm2 (E)-rose oxide Stationary phase: poly(ethylene glycol) (Carbowax 20 Ma)3 Menthone Film thickness: 0,25 m4 Isomenthone Oven temperature: temperature programming from 65
34、C to 230 C, temperature gradient 2 C/min5 Linalool6 Guaia-6,9-diene Injector temperature: 230 C7 Citronellyl formate Detector temperature: 250 C t time8 -Terpineol Detector: flame ionization type9 Geranyl formate Carrier gas: hydrogen10 Citronellol Volume injected: 0,2 l11 Geraniol Carrier gas flow
35、rate: 1,1 ml/min12 Geranyl butyrate Split ratio: 1/10013 10-epi-Eudesmol 14 Geranyl tiglate 15 Phenylethyl tiglate aCarbowax 20M is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement
36、by ISO of this product.Figure A.2 Typical chromatogram of the analysis of North Africa oil of geranium taken on a polar column ISO 2012 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E)Annex B (informative) FlashpointB.1 General informationFor safety reasons, transport companies, insurance compa
37、nies, and people in charge of safety services require information on the flashpoints of essential oils, which in most cases are flammable products.A comparative study on the relevant methods of analysis (see ISO/TR 110181) concluded that it was difficult to recommend a single apparatus for standardi
38、zation purposes, given that:there is a wide variation in the chemical composition of essential oils;the volume of the sample needed in certain requirements would be too costly for high-priced essential oils;as there are several different types of equipment which can be used for the determination, us
39、ers cannot be expected to use one specified type only.Consequently, it was decided to give a mean value for the flashpoint annexed to each International Standard, for information, in order to meet the requirements of the interested parties.The equipment with which this value was obtained has to be s
40、pecified.For further information, see ISO/TR 11018.1B.2 Flashpoint of the essential oil of geraniumThe mean values are indicated in Table B.1.Table B.1 Mean flashpoint according to originNorth Africa China Bourbon typeaMadagascarMean flashpoint, C 86 84 83 83aBourbon type includes Reunion Island ori
41、gin (Bourbon Island is the former name of Reunion Island).NOTE Obtained with Luchaire2)equipment.2) Equipment available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.8 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS
42、 ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E)Bibliography1 ISO/TR 11018, Essential oils General guidance on the determination of flashpoint2 ISO/TR 21092, Essentials oils Characterization ISO 2012 All rights reserved 9BS ISO 4731:2012ISO 4731:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reservedICS 71.100.60Price based on 9 pagesT
43、his page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. Br
44、itish Standards and other standardisation products are published by BSI Standards Limited.British Standards Institution (BSI)raising standards worldwideBSI389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UKTel +44 (0)20 8996 9001Fax +44 (0)20 8996 Standards and PASs are periodically updated by amendment or rev
45、ision. Users of British Standards and PASs should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using British Standards would inf
46、orm the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside frontcover. Similary for PASs, please notify BSI Customer Services.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001BSI offers BSI Subscribing Members an individual updating service called PLUS
47、 which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of British Standards and PASs.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7669 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001Email: Buying standardsYou may buy PDF and hard copy versions of standards directly using acredit card from the BSI Shop on the website addition a
48、ll orders for BSI, international and foreign standards publicationscan be addressed to BSI Customer Services.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001Email: In response to orders for international standards, BSI will supply the British Standard implementation of the relevant international st
49、andard, unless otherwise requested.Information on standardsBSI provides a wide range of information on national, Europeanand international standards through its Knowledge Centre.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7004 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7005Email: BSI Subscribing Members are kept up to date with standards developments and
