1、BS ISO 4987:2010ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.80NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSteel castings Liquidpenetrant inspectionThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 April2010. BSI 2010ISBN 978
2、0 580 56318 8Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 4987:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 4987:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organiza
3、tions represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS
4、ISO 4987:2010Reference numberISO 4987:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4987Second edition2010-03-15Steel castings Liquid penetrant inspection Pices moules en acier Contrle par ressuage BS ISO 4987:2010ISO 4987:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance
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7、Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise spec
8、ified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office C
9、ase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 4987:2010ISO 4987:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative
10、 references1 3 Ordering information.1 4 Method of inspection 2 4.1 Operating mode .2 4.2 Qualification of the operators 2 4.3 Surface preparation.2 4.4 Conditions of inspection 2 5 Acceptance criteria .2 5.1 Definition of liquid penetrant indications .2 5.1.1 General .2 5.1.2 Non-linear indications
11、(SP).2 5.1.3 Linear indication (LP)3 5.2 Severity levels3 5.2.1 General .3 5.2.2 Non-linear indications.3 5.2.3 Linear indications3 5.2.4 Selection of the severity level 4 5.2.5 Designation of severity levels4 6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results .4 6.1 Classification of
12、 the indications using Tables 1 and 24 6.1.1 General .4 6.1.2 Non-linear indications.4 6.1.3 Linear indications4 6.2 Interpretation of results 5 7 Retesting 5 8 Post-examination cleaning procedures 5 9 Inspection documentation5 Annex A (informative) Recommended surface finish for liquid penetrant in
13、spection 8 Annex B (informative) Reference figures Non-linear isolated indications (SP).9 Annex C (informative) Reference figures Linear indications (LP).14 Annex D (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant inspection document 29 Bibliography31 BS ISO 4987:2010ISO 4987:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights
14、 reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
15、which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on al
16、l matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
17、circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held res
18、ponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4987 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel castings. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4987:1992), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 4987:2010ISO 4987:2010(E)
19、ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant inspection described in ISO 3452-1 for the additional requirements of the foundry industry. Liquid penetrant inspection, as well as any other non-destructive examination, is
20、part of a general or specific assessment of the quality of the casting to be agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time of acceptance of the order. BS ISO 4987:2010BS ISO 4987:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4987:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Steel castings Liquid penetrant
21、 inspection 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the liquid penetrant inspection of steel castings, whatever their grade and the casting procedure used to produce them. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this docum
22、ent. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions ISO 3452-1, Non-destructive testin
23、g Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles ISO 4990, Steel castings General technical delivery requirements ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of personnel 3 Ordering information Subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, enquiries and purchas
24、e orders for castings requiring liquid penetrant inspection should include the following information: the qualification or certification of the operators who will carry out the inspection; the area of the casting to be inspected; the required surface finish of the areas to be inspected; a mention th
25、at inspection is to be carried out in accordance with ISO 3452-1; the type of discontinuity; the severity level; the frequency/number of castings to be inspected; the qualification level of the inspector carrying out the inspection. The sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetr
26、ant inspection selected. Therefore, the severity levels required shall be selected as a function of the liquid penetrants used and the method agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The type of discontinuity and the severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected (s
27、ee Tables 1 and 2). BS ISO 4987:2010ISO 4987:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved4 Method of inspection 4.1 Operating mode Inspection shall be carried out as specified in ISO 3452-1. The characteristics of the penetrant materials shall be checked in accordance with specifications to be agreed betw
28、een the manufacturer and the purchaser. 4.2 Qualification of the operators Inspection shall be performed by personnel qualified in accordance with ISO 9712 or by a certification scheme which is considered to be equivalent. The qualification level of the personnel shall be agreed between the manufact
29、urer and purchaser by the time of the acceptance of the order. 4.3 Surface preparation The surface to be inspected shall be clean and free from oil, grease, moulding and coating residues, or any other contaminant which could interfere with the correct implementation and interpretation of the penetra
30、nt-inspection test results. For small indications, it may be necessary to improve the surface. Some guidance for the surface is given in Annex A. Surface treatment or cleaning techniques which may seal or close indications are to be avoided. Chemical etching may be used to ensure that the smallest r
31、elevant indication required can be evaluated. The surface finish of the casting in the area to be tested shall have sufficient brightness and contrast of colour and an adequate shape for determining the required severity level. Liquid penetrant inspection shall be performed on castings in the as-del
32、ivered condition. If sand blasting or shot blasting1)is required, it shall be as light as possible in order to avoid sealing or closing up possible discontinuities. If the risk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptable, then blasting shall be followed by chemical etching in o
33、rder to enable detection of discontinuities. The chemical composition of the etching bath and other parameters, such as concentration, temperature, immersion time, neutralizing and rinsing, if applicable, shall be recorded. 4.4 Conditions of inspection The inspection shall be carried out with the na
34、ked eye or at a maximum magnification of 3 and under viewing conditions in accordance with ISO 3059. 5 Acceptance criteria 5.1 Definition of liquid penetrant indications 5.1.1 General The discontinuity indications revealed by the liquid penetrant inspection can have different shapes and sizes. The d
35、istinction between the discontinuity indications is made depending on the ratio of the length L of the indication to its width W, in the manner described in 5.1.2 and 5.1.3. 5.1.2 Non-linear indications (SP) The indications are considered to be non-linear when the length L is smaller than three time
36、s the width W. Indications are considered to be aligned when the distance between non-linear indications is less than 2 mm and 1) Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing. BS ISO 4987:2010ISO 4987:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3at least three indications are aligned.
37、 An alignment of indications is considered to be a unique indication and its length is equal to the overall length L of the alignment. 5.1.3 Linear indication (LP) 5.1.3.1 The indications are considered to be linear when the length L is greater than or equal to three times the width W. The symbol fo
38、r linear indications is LP (L for linear and P for liquid penetrant). The lengths of the linear indications greater than the minimum length shall be added together and the result shall be compared to the “cumulative” length specified in Table 2. 5.1.3.2 Indications are considered to be linear when t
39、he distance between two indications is smaller than the length L of the longest indication. An alignment of indications is considered to be a unique indication and its length is equal to the overall length L of the alignment. 5.2 Severity levels 5.2.1 General The severity levels are designed as a re
40、ference scale and are defined depending on the types of indications. 5.2.2 Non-linear indications For the non-linear indications, the severity levels (see Table 1) are defined by the length (largest dimension) L1of the smallest indication to be taken into account, and the maximum length L2of the ind
41、ications. 5.2.3 Linear indications 5.2.3.1 General For the linear indications, the severity levels (see Table 2) are defined by the length (largest dimension) L1of the smallest indication to be taken into account, and the maximum length L2of the linear indications; the sum of the lengths of the line
42、ar indications exceeding the length L1in the frame measuring 105 mm 148 mm. 5.2.3.2 Section thickness type Three section thickness types are specified (see Table 2): a: t u 16 mm; b: 16 mm 50 mm; where t is the section thickness. BS ISO 4987:2010ISO 4987:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved5.2.4 S
43、election of the severity level The severity levels shall be selected from Tables 1 and/or 2 in conjunction with, if necessary, the reference figures given in Annexes B and C. The reference figures are drawn to a scale of 1:1 and are given as examples. The largest non-relevant indication is shown in
44、a 26 mm 37 mm frame corresponding to the ISO format A10. Table 1 and Annex B correspond to non-linear (SP) indications (isolated). Table 2 and Annex C correspond to linear (LP) indications2). The severity levels cannot be considered in the same progression from Table 1 to Table 2. They should not be
45、 considered equivalent as regards inspection severity. The severity criteria and the severity levels can differ from one part of a casting to another. 5.2.5 Designation of severity levels The requirements in the order or in the specifications shall conform to the terminology used in this Internation
46、al Standard. Examples of correct terminology are given below: non-linear indications, level 2:SP 2 (see 5.2.2); linear indications, level 5:LP 5c(see 5.2.3). 6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results 6.1 Classification of the indications using Tables 1 and 2 6.1.1 General In
47、order to classify a discontinuity indication, it is necessary to place a 105 mm 148 mm frame in the most unfavourable location, i.e. showing the greatest severity for discontinuities. 6.1.2 Non-linear indications Only those indications with a length greater than L1shall be taken into account (see Ta
48、ble 1). The length of these indications shall be measured. The level of the SP indications shall be established using Table 1. 6.1.3 Linear indications The length L of the isolated indications greater than the minimum length taken into account, defined by the required severity level, shall be measur
49、ed. The sum of the indications included in the 105 mm 148 mm frame shall be calculated. The section thickness t at the inspection location shall be measured. The level of the LP indications shall be established using Table 2. 2) It should be noted that several equivalent severity levels defined in Table 2 are represented by the same reference figure. In certain cases, the equivalence of the figure is only approximate because of slight differences in the parameters in Table 2. BS IS
