1、Acoustics Methods for calculating loudnessPart 1: Zwicker methodBS ISO 532-1:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Acoustics Methods for calculating loudness Part 1: Zwicker methodAcoustique Mthode de calcul du niveau disosonie Partie 1: Mthode
2、 de ZwickerINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO532-1First edition2017-06Reference numberISO 532-1:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 532-1:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/1, Acoustics.A list of organizations represe
3、nted on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580
4、81403 7ICS 17.140.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARD
5、BS ISO 532-1:2017 ISO 2017Acoustics Methods for calculating loudness Part 1: Zwicker methodAcoustique Mthode de calcul du niveau disosonie Partie 1: Mthode de ZwickerINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO532-1First edition2017-06Reference numberISO 532-1:2017(E)BS ISO 532-1:2017ISO 532-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All r
6、ights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet
7、or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrighti
8、so.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 532-1:2017ISO 532-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electroni
9、c or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Ge
10、neva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 532-1:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Specification of input signal and instrumentation . 45 Method for stationary sounds 55.1 General . 55.2 Descr
11、iption of the method 65.3 Calculation of loudness and loudness level 96 Method for time-varying sounds 126.1 General 126.2 Description of the method . 136.3 Calculation algorithm . 146.4 Guidance for determining the loudness of time-varying sounds .157 Reporting data .16Annex A (normative) Numerical
12、 details and program code for the calculation of loudness of stationary and time-varying sounds (test implementation) .17Annex B (normative) Test signals for the validation of implementation 45Annex C (informative) Graphical user interface for the calculation of loudness of stationary and time-varyi
13、ng sounds 48Annex D (informative) Guidance for determining the loudness when using head and torso simulator microphones 53Annex E (informative) Uncertainty considerations .54Bibliography .57 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 532-1:2017ISO 532-1:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International
14、 Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been est
15、ablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiz
16、ation.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance wi
17、th the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of a
18、ny patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorse
19、ment.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following UR
20、L: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics.This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 532:1975, which has been technically revised.A list of all parts in the ISO 532 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserv
21、edBS ISO 532-1:2017ISO 532-1:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body in
22、terested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechni
23、cal Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO doc
24、uments should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respo
25、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information giv
26、en for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) princi
27、ples in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics.This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 532:1975, which has been technically revised.A list of all parts in the ISO 532 se
28、ries can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 532-1:2017(E)IntroductionLoudness and loudness level are two perceptual attributes of sound, describing absolute and relative sensations of sound strength perceived by a person under specific listening conditions. Due to inhere
29、nt individual differences among people, both loudness and loudness level have the nature of statistical estimators characterized by their respective measures of central tendency and dispersion determined for a specific sample of the general population.The object of the ISO 532 series is to specify c
30、alculation procedures based on physical properties of sound for estimating loudness and loudness level of sound as perceived by persons with otologically normal hearing under specific listening conditions. Each procedure provides single numbers that can be used in many scientific and technical appli
31、cations to estimate the perceived loudness and loudness level of sound, without conducting separate human observer studies for each application. Because loudness is a perceived quantity, the perception of which may vary among people, any calculated loudness value represents only an estimate of the a
32、verage loudness as perceived by a group of individuals with otologically normal hearing.ISO 532-1 and ISO 532-2 specify two different methods for calculating loudness which may yield different results for given sounds. Since no general preference for one or the other method can presently be stated,
33、it is up to the user to select the method which appears most appropriate for the given situation. Some major features of each of the methods are described below to facilitate the choice.The first method of this document describes the calculation of loudness and loudness level of stationary sounds an
34、d is based on DIN 45631:1991. The second method of this document covers the procedures for calculation of loudness and loudness level of arbitrary non-stationary (time-varying) sounds, including stationary sounds as a special case, and is based on DIN 45631/A1: 2010.This document also includes a pro
35、gram code for both methods leading to estimates of loudness and loudness level for stationary and time-varying sounds. An executable computer program is also provided for both methods. The applied software is normative for calculating loudness values, against which other implementations can be check
36、ed subject to stated tolerances, and provides additional functionality for the convenience of the user.The method for stationary sounds in this document differs slightly from the methods included in the previous ISO 532:1975, method B, by specifying corrections for low frequencies and by restricting
37、 the description of the approach to numerical instructions only, thus allowing a unique software description. For reasons of continuity, the method given in this document is in accordance with ISO 226:1987 instead of the later revised version, ISO 226:2003.Based on the general concept of the method
38、for stationary sounds, the method for time-varying sounds incorporates a generalization of the Zwicker approach to arbitrary, non-stationary sounds. Of course, this generalization is compatible with the method for stationary sounds in that it gives the same loudness values as the method for stationa
39、ry sounds if applied to stationary sounds.The Moore-Glasberg method as implemented in ISO 532-2 is limited to stationary sounds and can be applied to tones, broadband noises and complex sounds with sharp line spectral components. The method in ISO 532-2 differs from those in ISO 532:1975. ISO 532:19
40、75, method A (Stevens loudness), was removed as this method was not often used and its predictions were not accurate for sounds with strong tonal components. The method described in ISO 532-2 also improves the precision of calculated loudness in the low frequency range and allows for calculation of
41、loudness under conditions where the sound differs at the two ears. It has been shown that this method provides a good match to the contours of equal loudness level as defined in ISO 226:2003 and the reference threshold of hearing as defined in ISO 389-7:2005.NOTE Equipment or machinery noise emissio
42、ns/immissions can also be judged by other quantities defined in various International Standards (see e.g. ISO 1996-1, ISO 3740, ISO 9612 and ISO 11200). ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 532-1:2017BS ISO 532-1:2017Acoustics Methods for calculating loudness Part 1: Zwicker method1 ScopeThis docume
43、nt specifies two methods for estimating the loudness and loudness level of sounds as perceived by otologically normal persons under specific listening conditions. The first method is intended for stationary sounds and the second method for arbitrary non-stationary (time-varying) sounds, including st
44、ationary sounds as a special case.The methods can be applied to any sound recorded as single-channel measurements using a microphone, or as multi-channel measurements, for example by means of a head and torso simulator (see Annex D). Since most important technical sounds are time-varying, a model of
45、 time-varying loudness is preferable.The methods are based on the Zwicker algorithm.14The method for stationary sounds is provided for reasons of continuity and also offers the use of measured one-third-octave-band levels as input. The more general method for arbitrary sounds calculates the specific
46、 loudness pattern based on measured time signals by applying a signal processing model that is directly related to physiological and psychological characteristics of the human hearing system. Loudness is calculated from the specific loudness pattern. It has been shown that this method provides a goo
47、d match to the results of many loudness experiments using synthetic and technical sounds.No prior knowledge about the properties of the sound (e.g. broadband or narrowband noise, tonal content) and no user interactions are required for the fully automated application of the method.The evaluation of
48、the harmful effect of sound events is outside the scope of this document.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For unda
49、ted references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.IEC 61260-1:2014, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters Part 1: SpecificationsIEC 61672-1:2013, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t
