1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58of assessors in the detection and recognition of odoursICS 03.100.30; 67.240 Sensory analysis Metho
2、dology Initiation and training BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 5496:2006BS ISO 5496:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49202 4Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. User
3、s are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 5496:2006. It supersedes BS 5929-9:1992 which is withdrawn.The UK participati
4、on in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/12, Sensory analysis.A list of organizations represented on AW/12 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a Reference numberISO 5496:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STA
5、NDARD ISO5496Second edition2006-08-15Sensory analysis Methodology Initiation and training of assessors in the detection and recognition of odours Analyse sensorielle Mthodologie Initiation et entranement des sujets la dtection et la reconnaissance des odeurs BS ISO 5496:2006ii iiiContents Page Forew
6、ord iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Principle1 4 Reagents and materials 1 5 General test conditions.2 5.1 Test room2 5.2 General test rules.2 6 Methods 2 6.1 Direct methods of smelling.3 6.2 Retro-nasal methods of smelling.6 7 Answer form .7 8 Interpretation of results 8 8.1 I
7、nitiation 8 8.2 Training.8 8.3 Selection .8 Annex A (normative) Preparation of dilutions of odoriferous substances.9 Annex B (informative) Specimen answer form.14 Annex C (informative) Retro-nasal method of assessing odours in gaseous phase by placing smelling strips into the buccal cavity15 BS ISO
8、5496:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject f
9、or which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
10、 all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees a
11、re circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
12、responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5496 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 12, Sensory analysis. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5496:1992), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 5496:2006vInt
13、roduction Owing to the complexity of olfaction, assessors who are to make up panels need to undergo a familiarization and training process before undertaking any sensory analysis concerning the detection of odours. This period of initiation, followed by training, is intended to teach assessors to ev
14、aluate and to identify odours, to teach them to use the appropriate vocabulary, and also to allow them to improve their individual aptitude. This International Standard provides guidance on the existing techniques used for this purpose. At a later stage, organizers should direct the training accordi
15、ng to the procedures or specific areas of use and, where necessary, make a selection of assessors on the basis of certain criteria. BS ISO 5496:2006blank1Sensory analysis Methodology Initiation and training of assessors in the detection and recognition of odours 1 Scope This International Standard d
16、escribes several types of method for determining the aptitude of assessors and for training assessors to identify and describe odoriferous products. The methods described in this International Standard are suitable for use by the agri-foodstuffs industries employing olfactory analysis (e.g. perfumer
17、y, cosmetics and aromatics). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applie
18、s. ISO 6658:2005, Sensory analysis Methodology General guidance ISO 8589: 1), Sensory analysis General guidance for the design of test rooms 3 Principle Presentation to the assessors of odoriferous substances in various forms and concentrations, in accordance with the procedures specified in this In
19、ternational Standard. Assessment and identification by the assessors of the odours given off by these substances and recording of the results. 4 Reagents and materials 4.1 Water, neutral, tasteless, still and odourless. 4.2 Ethanol, 96,9 % (by volume), free from extraneous odours, even in low concen
20、trations. 4.3 Other suitable media, appropriate to the requirements of the industry concerned. 4.4 Odoriferous substances, as pure as possible: a) substances chosen from those given in Table A.2, and used at the concentrations proposed, and/or b) any other substance deemed to be of interest, dependi
21、ng on the aim of the test or the requirements of the industry concerned. 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 8589:1988) BS ISO 5496:20062 For the training phase, the collection of odours shall comprise odoriferous substances representative of several groups of odours (e.g. terpinic, floral) and sub
22、stances which the assessors will examine (to determine that assessors have no anosmia for these substances). It is also advisable to include odours representative of certain defects (e.g. odours typical of cleaning products, printing inks) which are likely to be encountered by the assessors in the f
23、orthcoming evaluations. Odoriferous substances serving as references shall be chosen from among those having a stable composition and which can be stored for an acceptable length of time without deterioration. These substances shall be stored in a cool place (around +5 C) and protected from air and
24、light. NOTE When in aqueous media, the aromatic power of certain substances increases with dilution. 5 General test conditions 5.1 Test room The tests shall be carried out in a room meeting the requirements specified in ISO 8589. Special precautions shall be taken to remove odours from the test room
25、 as much as possible (e.g. by ventilation). 5.2 General test rules In addition to the general rules which apply to assessors involved in any sensory analysis and given in ISO 6658, the assessors participating in these tests shall not have carried out any other sensory analysis concerned with the det
26、ection or assessment of odours or odoriferous compounds within the 20 min prior to the test. To avoid tiring the assessors, it is recommended that no more than 10 odoriferous substances are presented to them per session. 6 Methods The olfactory assessment can be carried out by direct methods or by r
27、etro-nasal methods. There are currently three direct methods 2)of smelling, i.e.: assessement of odours in flasks (6.1.1); assessment of odours on smelling strips (6.1.2); assessment of encapsulated odours (6.1.3); and two retro-nasal (or pharyngo-nasal) methods of smelling, i.e.: assessment of odou
28、rs in the gaseous phase (6.2.1); assessment of odours by ingestion of aqueous solutions (6.2.2). 2) The assessment of odours using an olfactometer is not considered in this International Standard, as it is not used in initiation and training. BS ISO 5496:200636.1 Direct methods of smelling 6.1.1 Met
29、hod of assessing odours in flasks 6.1.1.1 Principle Presentation to the assessors of a series of flasks containing different odoriferous substances at given concentrations. 6.1.1.2 Materials 6.1.1.2.1 Odoriferous substances, chosen for example from Table A.2, at the specified dilution. 6.1.1.3 Appar
30、atus 6.1.1.3.1 Individual tinted glass flasks, of sufficient capacity to hold the products to be tested (generally between 20 ml and 125 ml) and to leave sufficient head space to permit equilibrium of the vapour pressure, equipped with unlubricated ground-glass stoppers. Alternatively, beakers, fitt
31、ed with a watch-glass, or suitable disposable containers, sold commercially. If plastics apparatus is used, it is essential to check that is made of an odour-free material which does not absorb odours and which has no chemical affinity with the substances under test. 6.1.1.4 Preparation of samples W
32、here necessary, prepare, in accordance with the instructions given in A.2, suitable dilutions of the substances used to obtain the appropriate concentrations given in Table A.1. Prepare the samples at least 30 min before the test, to allow time for the vapour pressure to reach equilibrium at ambient
33、 temperature, as follows. Code the flasks and stoppers. Place the appropriate quantities of the substances prepared in the coded flasks, taking care to leave sufficient head in the flasks. The substances are poured directly into the flasks, placed on a medium (e.g. cotton or absorbent paper) which i
34、s already in the flasks, or blended with a medium (e.g. fat). Close the flasks with the glass stoppers or watch-glasses. 6.1.1.5 Procedure Present, to each assessor, the series of flasks prepared. Instruct the assessor to carry out the evaluation as follows. The assessor opens the flasks one by one
35、and, with the mouth closed, sniffs the vapour phase in order to identify each odoriferous product. There is no strict methodology, provided that the assessor smells all the flasks at suitable intervals in the same way, e.g. in short sniffs, or deep breaths, etc. Once a decision has been made, the as
36、sessor closes the flask and replies to the questions on the answer form (see Clause 7). (See the specimen answer form in Annex B.) NOTE Depending on whether the assessors are undergoing the initiation phase or the training or selection phase, they may or may not be permitted to smell each product se
37、veral times, or to return to previously examined flasks. BS ISO 5496:20064 6.1.1.6 Interpretation of results Interpret the results in accordance with Clause 8. 6.1.2 Method of assessing odours on smelling strips 6.1.2.1 Principle Presentation to the assessors of a series of smelling strips impregnat
38、ed with odoriferous substances. 6.1.2.2 Materials 6.1.2.2.1 Odoriferous substances, chosen for example from Table A.2, at the specified dilution. 6.1.2.3 Apparatus 6.1.2.3.1 Smelling strips, i.e. small strips of filter-paper, of variable porosity depending on the manufacturer, and of varius shapes (
39、rounded, bevelled, etc.) 3), with a mark at the bottom between 50 mm and 100 mm from the end. 6.1.2.3.2 Strip-holders or tweezers, made of an odourless material. 6.1.2.3.3 Tinted glass flasks, of suitable capacity for holding the odoriferous substances (one flask per substance). 6.1.2.3.4 Droppers (
40、optional). 6.1.2.4 Preparation of samples Prepare, in accordance with the instructions given in A.2, stock solutions of the substances used. Prepare one substance at a time and place it in a flask. Rapidly dip the bottom ends of the strips (6.1.2.3.1) (for each of the assessors) one by one, in the f
41、lask up to the mark or, preferably, using a dropper (6.1.2.3.4), place a drop of the substance on the bottom end of each strip. The strip shall not be over-impregnated with solution; the migration front of the liquid shall be between 5 mm and 10 mm from the bottom end of the strip. Place the prepare
42、d strip on the strip-holder or pick it up with the tweezers (6.1.2.3.2), taking care that the strips do not come into contact with each other. Leave the strips for a few seconds to allow any evaporation of the solvent to occur. 6.1.2.5 Procedure Hand the prepared strips to the assessors and instruct
43、 them to proceed as follows. The assessor performs the assessment of the odour by sniffing the smelling strip, waving it gently a few centimetres from his/her nose. The strip shall under no circumstances touch the nose, a moustache or the skin. NOTE Because of evaporation, the odour is only fully re
44、leased for a limited period of time, depending on the odoriferous substance. 3) The names of suppliers can be obtained from manufacturers of aromatic products. BS ISO 5496:20065Once a decision has been made, the assessor discards the strip and replies to the questions on the answer form (see Clause
45、7). (See the specimen answer form in Annex B.) It is essential that the strips are collected and disposed of after use in a sealed container, so as not to saturate the atmosphere of the test room and thus interfere with subsequent assessments. The assessor then goes on to examine the next substance.
46、 6.1.2.6 Interpretation of results Interpret the results in accordance with Clause 8. 6.1.3 Method of assessing encapsulated odours 6.1.3.1 Principle Presentation to the assessors of a series of micro-encapsulated odoriferous substances. 6.1.3.2 Materials 6.1.3.2.1 Odoriferous substances, chosen for
47、 example from Table A.2, at the specified dilution. 6.1.3.3 Apparatus 6.1.3.3.1 Encapsulated odoriferous substances, available commercially4), such as encapsulated odours on paper supports which are to be sratched, or on labels which are to be torn, etc. 6.1.3.4 Preparation of samples No preparation
48、 is required, since the samples are ready for use. 6.1.3.5 Procedure Present the samples, one at a time, to the assessors and instruct them to proceed as follows. The assessor follows the manufacturers instructions for releasing the odoriferous substance. The odour is then judged by the assessor usi
49、ng the same procedure as for the smelling strip method (see 6.1.2.5). NOTE With this presentation, re-assessments of the odours are not possible. Once a decision has been made, the assessor discards the questions on the answer form (see Clause 7). (See the specimen answer form in Annex B.) It is essential that the microcapsules are collected and disposed of after use in a sealed container, so as not to saturate the atmosphere of the test room and thus interfere with subsequent assessments. The assessor then goes o
