1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 5636-3:2013Paper and board Determination of airpermeance (medium range)Part 3: Bendtsen methodBS ISO 5636-3:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 5636-3:2013. Itsupersedes BS 6538-2:1992 which is withdrawn.The UK p
2、articipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contra
3、ct. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 69826 2ICS 85.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority
4、of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 5636-3:2013 ISO 2013Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range) Part 3: Bendtsen methodPapier et carton Dtermination de la permabilit lair (plage de valeurs
5、moyennes) Partie 3: Mthode BendtsenINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO5636-3Third edition2013-11-01Reference numberISO 5636-3:2013(E)BS ISO 5636-3:2013ISO 5636-3:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicat
6、ion may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country
7、of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 5636-3:2013ISO 5636-3:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative reference
8、s 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus . 26 Sampling 37 Conditioning 38 Preparation of test pieces . 39 Calibration 39.1 Variable-area flow-measuring device 39.2 Electronic flow-measuring device 310 Procedure. 311 Calculation and expression of results . 411.1 Calculation of air perme
9、ance 411.2 Reporting the results . 411.3 Standard deviation and coefficient of variation . 412 Test report . 4Annex A (normative) Calibration of capillary tubes and variable-area flowmeters 6Annex B (normative) Care and maintenance of variable-area flowmeter-type Bendtsen testers 10Annex C (informat
10、ive) Precision 12Bibliography .14BS ISO 5636-3:2013ISO 5636-3:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technica
11、l committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wit
12、h the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed f
13、or the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right
14、s. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this
15、document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to T
16、rade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5636-3
17、:1992), which has been technically revised. In this third edition mainly editorial changes have been made and also precision data has been added as informative Annex C.ISO 5636 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range): Par
18、t 3: Bendtsen method Part 4: Sheffield method Part 5: Gurley method Part 6: Oken methodNOTE 1 Part 1: General method will be withdrawn after the third editions of Parts 3, 4 and 5 have been published, as it was considered redundant.NOTE 2 Part 2: Schopper method was withdrawn in 2006 as it was consi
19、dered obsolete.NOTE 3 Part 6: Oken method is being prepared.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 5636-3:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5636-3:2013(E)Paper and board Determination of air permeance (medium range) Part 3: Bendtsen method1 ScopeThis part of ISO 5636 specifies the Bendtsen method for de
20、termining the air permeance of paper and board using the Bendtsen apparatus.It is applicable to papers and boards which have air permeances between 0,35 m/(Pas) and 15 m/(Pas) when tested with the Bendtsen apparatus.It is unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials which cannot be securely clamped to av
21、oid leakage.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includin
22、g any amendments) applies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, th
23、e following terms and definitions apply.3.1air permeancemean air flow rate through unit area under unit pressure difference in unit time, under specified conditionsNote 1 to entry: Air permeance is expressed in micrometres per pascal second 1 ml/(m2Pas) = 1 m/(Pas).Note 2 to entry: This property is
24、called air permeance, and not air permeability, because it is reported as a sheet property and is not standardized with respect to thickness to give a material property per unit thickness.4 PrincipleA test piece is clamped between a circular gasket and an annular flat surface of known dimensions. Th
25、e absolute air pressure on one side of the test area of the test piece is equivalent to atmospheric pressure and the difference in pressure between the two sides of the test piece is maintained at a small, substantially constant, value during the test. Determination of the flow of air through the te
26、st area in a specified time. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 5636-3:2013ISO 5636-3:2013(E)5 ApparatusBendtsen apparatus, see Figure 1, consisting of a compressor (see 5.1) and a pressure stabilizing reservoir (see 5.2) to supply air, a flowmeter (see 5.4) with a pressure controlling device (see
27、 5.3) and a measuring head (see 5.5).25134Key1 compressor2 pressure stabilizing reservoir3 pressure controlling device4 flowmeter5 sample clamping device and measuring headFigure 1 Flow diagram of the Bendtsen apparatus5.1 Compressor, generating air at a pressure of about 127 kPa. If necessary, filt
28、ers shall be provided to ensure that the air is clean and free of oil.5.2 Pressure stabilizing reservoir, having a vessel volume of about 10 litres and installed between the compressor and the pressure controlling device, or some other means of providing a stable air flow.NOTE The pressure stabilizi
29、ng reservoir is not normally supplied with the apparatus. Its provision, or some other means of providing a stable air flow, is the responsibility of the user.5.3 Pressure controlling device, to control the air pressure at the inlet of the flowmeter. This shall comprise a manostat weight, a pressure
30、 regulator or some other means of creating a steady nominal air pressure of (1,47 0,02) kPa measured at the manostat.NOTE Most Bendtsen apparatus are provided with three interchangeable manostat weights but only the 1,47 kPa manostat meets the requirement of this part of ISO 5636.5.4 Variable-area f
31、lowmeters, to measure the flow rate in the following ranges: 5 ml/min to 150 ml/min, 50 ml/min to 500 ml/min and 300 ml/min to 3 000 ml/min. The resolution of these variable-area flowmeters shall be 2 ml/min, 5 ml/min and 20 ml/min respectively. The variable-area flowmeter may be replaced by an elec
32、tronic air flowmeter having a measuring range suitable for the material measured that allows the air flow to be determined with an error of less than 5 ml/min or 5 % whichever is greater.On some apparatus the available measuring ranges are 0 to 300 ml/min and 300 ml/min to 3 000 ml/min. The resoluti
33、on of these variable area flowmeters shall be 1 % of the maximum reading scale.5.5 Measuring head, consisting of a device in which the test piece is clamped between an annular flat surface and a circular rubber gasket. The annular ring and the gasket shall be of such dimensions that the 2 ISO 2013 A
34、ll rights reservedBS ISO 5636-3:2013ISO 5636-3:2013(E)test area of the test piece enclosed by either of them is (1 000 20) mm2. The tubing used to connect the head to the flowmeter shall be made of rubber or plastics material, (7,0 0,5) mm in internal diameter and (690 10) mm long.NOTE 1 A longer le
35、ngth of tubing results in a significant pressure drop between the flowmeter and the measuring head.NOTE 2 On most commercial instruments the valve at the outlet of the flowmeter has two outlets. For air permeance measurement the tubing is connected to the larger diameter outlet.5.6 Flat non-porous p
36、late, of approximate dimensions 100 mm x 100 mm, which can be clamped between the rubber orifice plates to check the zero reading.5.7 Calibration plate device, to enable the test assembly to be connected to an external calibration system (see Clause 9 and Annex A).6 SamplingIf the mean quality of a
37、lot is to be determined, sampling shall be in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test pieces taken are representative of the sample received.7 ConditioningCondition the sample in accordance with ISO 187.8 Preparation of test piecesPrepare the
38、 test pieces in the same atmospheric conditions as those used to condition the sample.Cut not less than 10 test pieces and identify their two sides, for example side 1 and side 2. The test area shall be free from folds, wrinkles, holes, watermarks or defects not inherent to the sample. Do not handle
39、 the part of the test piece which will become part of the test area. An adequate test piece size is 100 mm x 100 mm.If the air permeances measured on the two sides are significantly different and if this difference is required to be shown in the test report, 10 tests are required for each side.9 Cal
40、ibration9.1 Variable-area flow-measuring deviceCalibrate the variable-area flowmeter by temporarily replacing the measuring head with the appropriate calibrated capillary tube.Calibrate the instrument sufficiently frequent to ensure that the reading does not deviate at any time by more than 5 % from
41、 the true value.9.2 Electronic flow-measuring deviceCalibrate the instrument according to the instructions of the manufacturer.10 ProcedureCarry out the test in the same atmospheric conditions used for the conditioning and preparation of test pieces. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 5636-3:2013I
42、SO 5636-3:2013(E)Tests shall be performed according to the instructions of the manufacturer.Test a minimum of 10 test pieces, five with side 1 up and five with side 1 down.If applicable, choose a variable-area flowmeter which gives readings greater than 20 % of the scale range with 1,47 kPa. Air flo
43、ws above 1 200 ml/min shall not be used because at high air flows the pressure drop between the flowmeter and the measuring head significantly reduces the pressure in the measuring head.NOTE Readings on variable-area flowmeters are unreliable at the low end of the scale range.Check that the air flow
44、 reading obtained with the non-porous plate (see 5.6) clamped in the measurement gap is zero.Place a test piece in the measuring gap and record the variable-area flowmeter reading at least 5 s after clamping, in ml/min, with the reading accuracy indicated in 5.4. Repeat for the remaining test pieces
45、.All papers are hygrosensitive to some degree, and readings should be taken at the initial stabilization point to avoid any possible effect of incoming air adding moisture to, or extracting moisture from, the test piece.11 Calculation and expression of results11.1 Calculation of air permeanceCalcula
46、te the air permeance, P, in micrometres per pascal second, to three significant figures, from Equation (1):Pq=0 011 3, (1)where q is the mean air flow rate, in millilitres per minute, passing through the test area of 1 000 mm2at a related pressure of 1,47 kPa in the measuring head.If required, calcu
47、late the mean air permeance for each side separately. If the means for the two sides are significantly different (more than 10 %), 10 tests are required for each side.11.2 Reporting the resultsReport the results with three significant figures.If the air permeances measured on the two sides are signi
48、ficantly different (more than 10 %) and if this difference is required to be shown in the test report, report the means for the two sides separately. Otherwise, calculate the mean value of the measurements for the two sides.11.3 Standard deviation and coefficient of variationIf the standard deviatio
49、n or coefficient of variation is required, calculate it from the replicate rate of flow of air measurements and correct to micrometres per pascal second using Equation (1).If the results for the two sides are reported separately, calculate the standard deviations or coefficients of variation for the two sides separately.12 Test reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this part of ISO 5636;b) date and place of testing;4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 5636-3:2013ISO
