1、BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 6336-1:2006Incorporating corrigendum June 2008Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factorsICS 21.200 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3
2、g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS ISO 6336-1:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2006 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 63408 6National forewordThis Briti
3、sh Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 6336-1:2006, incorporating corrigendum June 2008. It supersedes BS ISO 6336-1:1996 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by ISO corrigendum June 2008 is indicated
4、 in the text by .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/5, Gears.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users
5、are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 September 2008 Implementation of ISO corrigendum June 2008Reference numberISO 6336-1:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDAR
6、D ISO6336-1Second edition2006-09-01Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors Calcul de la capacit de charge des engrenages cylindriques dentures droite et hlicodale Partie 1: Principes de base, introduction et facteurs
7、 gnraux dinfluence BS ISO 6336-1:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword vi Introduction vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms. 2 4 Basic principles 12 4.1 Application 12 4.1.1 Scuffing 12 4.1.2 Wear . 12 4.1.3 Micropitting . 12 4.1.4 Plastic yieldin
8、g 12 4.1.5 Particular categories 12 4.1.6 Specific applications 12 4.1.7 Safety factors 13 4.1.8 Testing . 15 4.1.9 Manufacturing tolerances 15 4.1.10 Implied accuracy. 15 4.1.11 Other considerations 15 4.1.12 Influence factors . 16 4.1.13 Numerical equations. 18 4.1.14 Succession of factors in cour
9、se of calculation . 18 4.1.15 Determination of allowable values of gear deviations 18 4.2 Tangential load, torque and power . 18 4.2.1 Nominal tangential load, nominal torque and nominal power . 18 4.2.2 Equivalent tangential load, equivalent torque and equivalent power. 19 4.2.3 Maximum tangential
10、load, maximum torque and maximum power. 19 5 Application factor KA19 5.1 Method A Factor KA-A. 20 5.2 Method B Factor KA-B. 20 6 Internal dynamic factor Kv. 20 6.1 Parameters affecting internal dynamic load and calculations. 20 6.1.1 Design 20 6.1.2 Manufacturing . 21 6.1.3 Transmission perturbance.
11、 21 6.1.4 Dynamic response 21 6.1.5 Resonance. 22 6.2 Principles and assumptions 22 6.3 Methods for determination of dynamic factor . 22 6.3.1 Method A Factor Kv-A. 22 6.3.2 Method B Factor Kv-B. 23 6.3.3 Method C Factor Kv-C. 23 6.4 Determination of dynamic factor using Method B: Kv-B. 24 6.4.1 Run
12、ning speed ranges . 24 6.4.2 Determination of resonance running speed (main resonance) of a gear pair 3)25 6.4.3 Dynamic factor in subcritical range (N u NS). 27 6.4.4 Dynamic factor in main resonance range (NS u 1,15) 30 BS ISO 6336-1:2006iv 6.4.5 Dynamic factor in supercritical range (N W 1,5) . 3
13、0 6.4.6 Dynamic factor in intermediate range (1,15 N 1,5). 30 6.4.7 Resonance speed determination for less common gear designs . 31 6.4.8 Calculation of reduced mass of gear pair with external teeth 33 6.5 Determination of dynamic factor using Method C: Kv-C34 6.5.1 Graphical values of dynamic facto
14、r using Method C 35 6.5.2 Determination by calculation of dynamic factor using Method C 39 7 Face load factors KHand KF. 39 7.1 Gear tooth load distribution. 39 7.2 General principles for determination of face load factors KHand KF40 7.2.1 Face load factor for contact stress KH40 7.2.2 Face load fac
15、tor for tooth root stress KF40 7.3 Methods for determination of face load factor Principles, assumptions . 40 7.3.1 Method A Factors KH-Aand KF-A41 7.3.2 Method B Factors KH-Band KF-B41 7.3.3 Method C Factors KH-Cand KF-C41 7.4 Determination of face load factor using Method B: KH-B41 7.4.1 Number of
16、 calculation points. 41 7.4.2 Definition of KH41 7.4.3 Stiffness and elastic deformations . 42 7.4.4 Static displacements 45 7.4.5 Assumptions 45 7.4.6 Computer program output . 45 7.5 Determination of face load factor using Method C: KH-C45 7.5.1 Effective equivalent misalignment Fy47 7.5.2 Running
17、-in allowance yand running-in factor . 47 7.5.3 Mesh misalignment, fma59 7.5.4 Component of mesh misalignment caused by case deformation, fca. 61 7.5.5 Component of mesh misalignment caused by shaft displacement, fbe62 7.6 Determination of face load factor for tooth root stress using Method B or C:
18、KF63 8 Transverse load factors KHand KF63 8.1 Transverse load distribution 63 8.2 Determination methods for transverse load factors Principles and assumptions 63 8.2.1 Method A Factors KH-Aand KF-A63 8.2.2 Method B Factors KH-Band KF-B64 8.3 Determination of transverse load factors using Method B KH
19、-Band KF-B64 8.3.1 Determination of transverse load factor by calculation . 64 8.3.2 Transverse load factors from graphs . 65 8.3.3 Limiting conditions for KH65 8.3.4 Limiting conditions for KF65 8.3.5 Running-in allowance y. 66 9 Tooth stiffness parameters c and c. 70 9.1 Stiffness influences 70 9.
20、2 Determination methods for tooth stiffness parameters Principles and assumptions 70 9.2.1 Method A Tooth stiffness parameters cAand c-A70 9.2.2 Method B Tooth stiffness parameters cBand c-B71 9.3 Determination of tooth stiffness parameters c and caccording to Method B 71 9.3.1 Single stiffness, c.
21、72 9.3.2 Mesh stiffness, c74 Annex A (normative) Additional methods for determination of fshand fma76 BS ISO 6336-1:2006vAnnex B (informative) Guide values for crowning and end relief of teeth of cylindrical gears . 79 Annex C (informative) Guide values for KH-Cfor crowned teeth of cylindrical gears
22、 . 82 Annex D (informative) Derivations and explanatory notes 85 Annex E (informative) Analytical determination of load distribution 89 Bibliography . 109 BS ISO 6336-1:2006vi Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS
23、O member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gove
24、rnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
25、Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
26、 bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6336-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 60, Gears, Subcommittee
27、 SC 2, Gear capacity calculation. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6336-1:1996), Clauses 6, 7 and 9 of which have been technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendments ISO 6336-1:1996/Cor.1:1998 and ISO 6336-1:1996/Cor.2:1999. ISO 6336 consists of the following
28、 parts, under the general title Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears: Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting) Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength Part 5: Strength and quality of materials Par
29、t 6: Calculation of service life under variable load BS ISO 6336-1:2006viiIntroduction This and the other parts of ISO 6336 provide a coherent system of procedures for the calculation of the load capacity of cylindrical involute gears with external or internal teeth. ISO 6336 is designed to facilita
30、te the application of future knowledge and developments, also the exchange of information gained from experience. Design considerations to prevent fractures emanating from stress raisers in the tooth flank, tip chipping and failures of the gear blank through the web or hub will need to be analyzed b
31、y general machine design methods. Several methods for the calculation of load capacity, as well as for the calculation of various factors, are permitted (see 4.1.12). The directions in ISO 6336 are thus complex, but also flexible. Included in the formulae are the major factors which are presently kn
32、own to affect gear tooth pitting and fractures at the root fillet. The formulae are in a form that will permit the addition of new factors to reflect knowledge gained in the future. BS ISO 6336-1:2006blank1Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles, introduction
33、and general influence factors 1 Scope This part of ISO 6336 presents the basic principles of, an introduction to, and the general influence factors for, the calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears. Together with ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3, ISO 6336-5 and ISO 6336-6, it provides a meth
34、od by which different gear designs can be compared. It is not intended to assure the performance of assembled drive gear systems. It is not intended for use by the general engineering public. Instead, it is intended for use by the experienced gear designer who is capable of selecting reasonable valu
35、es for the factors in these formulae based on knowledge of similar designs and awareness of the effects of the items discussed. The formulae in ISO 6336 are intended to establish a uniformly acceptable method for calculating the pitting resistance and bending strength capacity of cylindrical gears w
36、ith straight or helical involute teeth. ISO 6336 includes procedures based on testing and theoretical studies such as those of Hirt 1, Strasser 2and Brossmann 3. The results of rating calculations made by following this method are in good agreement with previously accepted gear calculations methods
37、(see References 4 to 8) for normal working pressure angles up to 25 and reference helix angles up to 25). For larger pressure angles and larger helix angles, the trends of products YFYSYand, respectively, ZHZZare not the same as those of some earlier methods. The user of ISO 6336 is cautioned that w
38、hen the methods in ISO 6336 are used for other helix angles and pressure angles, the calculated results will need to be confirmed by experience. The formulae in ISO 6336 are not applicable when any of the following conditions exist: spur or helical gears with transverse contact ratios less than 1,0;
39、 spur or helical gears with transverse contact ratios greater than 2,5; interference between tooth tips and root fillets; teeth are pointed; backlash is zero. The rating formulae in ISO 6336 are not applicable to other types of gear tooth deterioration such as plastic yielding, scuffing, case crushi
40、ng, welding and wear, and are not applicable under vibratory conditions where there may be an unpredictable profile breakdown. The bending strength formulae are applicable to fractures at the tooth fillet, but are not applicable to fractures on the tooth working surfaces, failure of the gear rim, or
41、 failures of the gear blank through web and hub. ISO 6336 does not apply to teeth finished by forging or sintering. It is not applicable to gears which have a poor contact pattern. The procedures in ISO 6336 provide rating formulae for the calculation of load capacity, based on pitting and tooth roo
42、t breakage. At pitch line velocities below 1 m/s the gear load capacity is often limited by abrasive wear (see other literature for information on the calculation for this). BS ISO 6336-1:20062 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this do
43、cument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 53:1998, Cylindrical gears for general and heavy engineering Standard basic rack tooth profile ISO 1122-1:1998, Vocabulary of ge
44、ar terms Part 1: Definitions related to geometry ISO 1328-1:1995, Cylindrical gears ISO system of accuracy Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to corresponding flanks of gear teeth ISO 4287:1997, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Ter
45、ms, definitions and surface texture parameters ISO 4288:1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 2: Calculation of surface durabili
46、ty (pitting) ISO 6336-3, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength ISO 6336-5, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 5: Strength and quality of materials ISO 6336-6, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gear
47、s Part 6: Calculation of service life under variable load 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO 1122-1 and the following symbols apply. NOTE Symbols are based on, and are extensions of
48、, the symbols given in ISO 701 and ISO 1328-1. Only symbols for quantities used for the calculation of the particular factors treated in ISO 6336 are given, together with the preferred units. BS ISO 6336-1:20063Table 1 Symbols used in ISO 6336-1, ISO 6336-2, ISO 6336-3 and ISO 6336-5 Symbol Descript
49、ion Unit Principal symbols and abbreviations A, B, C, D, E points on path of contact (pinion root to pinion tip, regardless of whether pinion or wheel drives, only for geometrical considerations) a centre distance amm pressure angle (without subscript, at reference cylinder) B total face width of double helical gear including gap width mm b face width mm helix angle (without subscript, at reference cylinder) constant, coefficient
