1、BS ISO6474-1:2010ICS 11.040.40NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDImplants for surgery Ceramic materialsPart 1: Ceramic materials based onhigh purity aluminaThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy
2、Committee on 28 February 2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 65051 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 6474-1:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 6474-1:2010. Itsupersedes BS 7253-2:1997, which will be withdrawn on publication ofBS ISO 64
3、74-2.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CH/150/1, Materials for surgical implants.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a co
4、ntract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 6474-1:2010Reference numberISO 6474-1:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO6474-1First edition2010-02-15Implants for surgery Ceramic materials Part 1:
5、 Ceramic materials based on high purity alumina Implants chirurgicaux Produits cramiques Partie 1: Produits cramiques base dalumine de haute puret BS ISO 6474-1:2010ISO 6474-1:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file m
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8、he file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be
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10、 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 6474-1:2010ISO 6474-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Classification .3 3.1 M
11、aterial types.3 3.2 Test categories 3 3.3 Material properties 3 4 Preparation of specimens.5 5 Test methods .5 5.1 Bulk density .5 5.2 Chemical composition 5 5.3 Microstructure .5 5.4 Determination of strength properties6 5.5 Youngs modulus.7 5.6 Fracture toughness .7 5.7 Hardness 7 5.8 Wear7 5.9 Cy
12、clic fatigue .8 6 Test report8 Bibliography9 BS ISO 6474-1:2010ISO 6474-1:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards
13、 is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take p
14、art in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to
15、 prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility t
16、hat some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6474-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 150, Implants for surgery, Subcommittee SC 1, Materials. This first edition, together
17、with ISO 6474-2, cancels and replaces ISO 6474:1994, which has been technically revised. ISO 6474 consists of the following parts, under the general title Implants for surgery Ceramic materials: Part 1: Ceramic materials based on high purity alumina Part 2: Composite materials based on a high purity
18、 alumina matrix with zirconia reinforcement BS ISO 6474-1:2010ISO 6474-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction No known surgical implant material has ever been shown to be completely free of adverse reactions in the human body. However, long-term clinical experience of use of the materi
19、al referred to in ISO 6474 has shown that an acceptable level of biological response can be expected, when the material is used in appropriate applications. BS ISO 6474-1:2010BS ISO 6474-1:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6474-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Implants for surgery Ceramic materi
20、als Part 1: Ceramic materials based on high purity alumina 1 Scope This part of ISO 6474 specifies the characteristics of, and corresponding test methods for, a bio-compatible and bio-stable ceramic bone substitute material based on high purity alumina for use as bone spacers, bone replacements and
21、components of orthopaedic joint prostheses. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any ame
22、ndments) applies. ISO 31 (all parts), Quantities and units ISO 12677, Chemical analysis of refractory products by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Fused cast-bead method ISO 13356, Implants for surgery Ceramic materials based on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) ISO 14704, Fine ceramics (advance
23、d ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for flexural strength of monolithic ceramics at room temperature ISO 14705, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for hardness of monolithic ceramics at room temperature ISO 15732, Fine ceramics (advanced ceram
24、ics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for fracture toughness of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by single edge precracked beam (SEPB) method ISO 17561, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for elastic moduli of monolithic ceramics at room tempera
25、ture by sonic resonance ISO 18754, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Determination of density and apparent porosity ISO 18756, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Determination of fracture toughness of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by
26、 the surface crack in flexure (SCF) method ISO 20501, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Weibull statistics for strength data ISO 22214, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for cyclic bending fatigue of monolithic ceramics at room te
27、mperature BS ISO 6474-1:2010ISO 6474-1:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reservedISO 23146, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test methods for fracture toughness of monolithic ceramics Single-edge V-notch beam (SEVNB) method EN 623-2, Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic c
28、eramics General and textural properties Part 2: Determination of density and porosity EN 623-3, Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 3: Determination of grain size and size distribution (characterized by the Linear Intercept Method) EN 843-1, Advanced
29、technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 1: Determination of flexural strength EN 843-2, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 2: Determination of Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ra
30、tio EN 843-4, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness EN 843-5, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 5: Statistical analysis CEN/
31、TS 14425-5, Advanced technical ceramics Test methods for determination of fracture toughness of monolithic ceramics Part 5: Single-edge vee-notch beam (SEVNB) method ASTM C1161, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature ASTM C1198, Standard Test Method fo
32、r Dynamic Youngs Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poissons Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Sonic Resonance ASTM C1239, Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics ASTM C1259, Standard Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus, Sh
33、ear Modulus, and Poissons Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration ASTM C1327, Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics ASTM C1331, Standard Test Method for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Advanced Ceramics with Broadband Pulse-Echo Cross-Corr
34、elation Method ASTM C1421, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature ASTM C1499, Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature ASTM E112, Standard Test Methods for Determini
35、ng Average Grain Size BS ISO 6474-1:2010ISO 6474-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 33 Classification 3.1 Material types The material shall be classified as either type A or type B. Ceramic materials of type A are intended for implants for high load applications (e.g. bearing surfaces of joint r
36、eplacements). Type B is intended for implants for low load applications (e.g. maxillofacial and middle-ear implants). 3.2 Test categories 3.2.1 General The required tests shall be distinguished in category 1 and category 2. The tests in 5.6, 5.8 and 5.9 shall only be applied for type A materials. 3.
37、2.2 Category 1: required tests representative for the periodical production control The following tests shall be performed for periodical production control: a) bulk density; b) chemical composition; c) microstructure; d) strength. 3.2.3 Category 2: required tests representative for the general mate
38、rial specification The manufacturer shall define the general material specification. In addition to all tests in 3.2.2, the following tests shall be performed for the qualification of the material specification: a) Youngs modulus; b) fracture toughness; c) hardness; d) wear resistance; e) fatigue li
39、mit. 3.3 Material properties To fulfil the requirements of this part of ISO 6474, the material shall meet the limits for properties as given in Table 1. Documentation of the test results shall be according to the International System of Units (SI), ISO 31. BS ISO 6474-1:2010ISO 6474-1:2010(E) 4 ISO
40、2010 All rights reservedTable 1 Limits for material properties Requirement Property Unit Property category Type A Type B Subclause References Average bulk density kg/m3 1031 W 3,94 W 3,90 5.1 ISO 18754 EN 623-2 Chemical composition: Basic material, Al2O3% mass fraction 1 W 99,7 W 99,5 Sintering addi
41、tive, MgO % mass fraction 1 u 0,2 u 0,2 5.2 ISO 12677 Limits of impurities, total amount of SiO2+ CaO + Na2O % mass fraction 1 u 0,1 u 0,3 Microstructure: EN 623-3 Linear intercept grain size m 1 u 2,5 u 3,5 5.3 ASTM E112 Standard deviation % 1 u 25 u 25 ISO 13356 Material strength; alternatives 1)
42、or 2): 5.4 1a) Mean biaxial flexural strength MPa 1 W 300 W 150 5.4.2 ASTM C1499 1b) Weibull modulus - 1 W 8 W 8 5.4.4 ISO 20501 EN 843-5 ASTM C1239 2a) Mean 4-point flexural strength MPa 1 W 500 W 250 5.4.3 ISO 14704 EN 843-1 ASTM C1161 2b) Weibull modulus - 1 W 8 W 8 5.4.4 ISO 20501 EN 843-5 ASTM
43、C1239 Youngs modulus GPa 2 W 380 W 370 5.5 ISO 17561 EN 843-2 ASTM C1331 ASTM C1198 ASTM C1259 Fracture toughness, alternatives 1) to 3) 5.6 1) SEVNB MPa m 2 W 2,5 n.a. 5.6.2 ISO 23146 CEN/TS 14425-5 2) SEPB MPa m 2 W 2,5 n.a. 5.6.3 ISO 15732 3) SCF MPa m 2 W 2,5 n.a. 5.6.4 ISO 18756 ASTM C1421 Aver
44、age hardness, Vickers HV1 GPa 2 W 18 W 17 5.7 ISO 14705 EN 843-4 ASTM C1327 Wear resistance 2 Info n.a. 5.8 e.g. ISO 14242-1 Cyclic fatigue: 10 million cycles endurance limit strength in 4-point bending MPa 2 No failure at 200 MPa n.a. 5.9 ISO 22214 BS ISO 6474-1:2010ISO 6474-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All
45、rights reserved 54 Preparation of specimens Specimens shall be produced equivalent to the regular production of the implants. The same feedstock, comparable shaping technology (e.g. axial pressing, isostatic pressing), high temperature process (e.g. sintering, hot isostatic pressing) and hard machin
46、ing (e.g. grinding, polishing) shall be applied. The shaping of specimens shall be accomplished according to the requirements of the test. The manufacturer shall declare and justify whether the production of the specimens can be assessed as equivalent to the regular production. Finished products or
47、portions of them can be used for the evaluation of material properties. However, due to geometric restrictions and the risk of damage during specimen preparation, it is not recommended to produce specimens as portions of finished products for evaluation of the following material properties: a) stren
48、gth (see 5.4); b) fracture toughness (see 5.6); c) cyclic fatigue (see 5.9). 5 Test methods 5.1 Bulk density The bulk density shall be determined in accordance with ISO 18754. NOTE An equivalent procedure can be found in EN 623-2. 5.2 Chemical composition The chemical composition shall be determined
49、 either by X-ray fluorescence in accordance with ISO 12677 or by induced coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. 5.3 Microstructure For determination of the alumina grain size, EN 623-3 or ASTM E112 shall be applied (linear intercept method). NOTE The linear intercept method reveals a nominal average grain size for the selected position of the micrograph, not the distribution of the size of individual grains. For selection, preparation and evalu
