1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 675:2014Textiles Woven fabrics Determination of dimensionalchange on commerciallaundering near the boilingpointBS ISO 675:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 675:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was e
2、ntrusted to TechnicalCommittee TCI/82, Textiles care labelling, dry cleaning, domesticlaundering and drying.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users a
3、re responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84869 8ICS 59.080.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theSt
4、andards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 675:2014 ISO 2014Textiles Woven fabrics Determination of dimensional change on commercial laundering near the boiling pointTextiles Tissus Dtermination de la variation des dimensions
5、 au lavage industriel au voisinage de lbullitionINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO675Second edition2014-12-01Reference numberISO 675:2014(E)BS ISO 675:2014ISO 675:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this public
6、ation may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the countr
7、y of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 675:2014ISO 675:2014(E)Contents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Principle 14 Reagents 15 Apparat
8、us . 26 Preparation of specimen 37 Procedure. 37.1 Washing and rinsing . 37.2 Extraction 37.3 Pressing . 37.4 Evaluation 38 Calculation and expression of results . 49 Test report . 4Annex A (informative) Hardness of water . 5 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 675:2014ISO 675:2014(E)ForewordISO
9、(the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical comm
10、ittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrote
11、chnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafte
12、d in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent right
13、s. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitut
14、e an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The commi
15、ttee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 2, Cleansing, finishing and water resistance tests.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 675:1979), of which it constitutes a minor revision. It also incorporates Technical Corrigendum ISO 675:1979/C
16、or.1:2002.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 675:2014Textiles Woven fabrics Determination of dimensional change on commercial laundering near the boiling point1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the dimensional change (shrinkage or stretch) of all types
17、of woven fabrics after commercial laundering near the boiling point.The test has been devised principally for cotton fabrics. If it is applied to other fabrics such as linen or regenerated cellulosic fibres, 9i) should be consulted. The method is intended only for the assessment of dimensional chang
18、es undergone by a woven fabric subjected to a single laundering. When it is desired to determine the amount of progressive dimensional change, the test specimen can be washed repeatedly and the results reported so as clearly to indicate the amount of dimensional change in the laundered specimen as c
19、ompared with the original dimensions of the unwashed specimen and the number of testing cycles to which the specimen has been subjected.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated
20、 references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testingISO 3759:2011, Textiles Preparation, marking and measuring of fabric specimens and
21、garments in tests for determination of dimensional change3 PrincipleWashing of a specimen in a cylindrical reversing laundry machine under specified conditions. Extraction of excess water and pressing without preliminary drying. Measurement, before and after laundering, of distances marked on the sp
22、ecimen in the warp and weft directions.4 Reagents4.1 Soap solution.A stock solution may be prepared by dissolving 0,5 kg of soap in 4 l of hot water. When cooled, this solution forms a thick homogeneous jelly which may be used as required.The soap meeting the following specification is satisfactory:
23、 moisture and volatile matter contents at 105 C, max.: 10,0 % (m/m); sum of free alkali, total matter insoluble in alcohol, and sodium chloride contents, max.: 4,0 % (m/m); free alkali content, calculated as NaOH, max.: 0,2 % (m/m); content of matter insoluble in water, max.: 1,0 % (m/m); titre of t
24、he mixed fatty acids prepared from the soap, min.: 39 C; anhydrous soap content, min.: 85,0 %.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 675:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 675:2014ISO 675:2014(E)4.2 Water.Soft water (not more than 50 mg/kg hardness) shall be used (see Annex A).4.3 Anhydrous sodium car
25、bonate.5 Apparatus5.1 Wash wheel.A horizontal cylindrical machine with rotating cage and reversing mechanism shall be used. The cage should have a diameter between 400 mm and 600 mm and a peripheral speed of 50 m/min to 55 m/min. Other diameters may be used as a temporary measure, provided that the
26、rotational frequency is adjusted to give an equivalent peripheral speed.For preference, three or four fins or “lifters” about 80 mm wide, equally spaced around the interior of the cage and extending its full length, should be used. Either a single fin or two fins may be used, however, provided that
27、equivalent results can be obtained.The cage shall turn at such speed that the load is lifted by the fins and falls back into it. (A peripheral speed of 54 m/min has been found satisfactory.) The cage shall make 5 to 10 revolutions before reversing its direction.The machine shall be equipped with hea
28、ting facilities, such as live steam, gas or electricity, and with an outlet large enough to permit discharge of all water from the machine in less than 2 min.A thermometer in a suitable well, or equivalent equipment, shall be provided to indicate the temperature of the water to within 1 C during the
29、 washing and rinsing, and there shall be an outside water gauge to indicate the level of the water in the wheel.The mass of the load to be run in the machine shall be between 8 kg and 50 kg of air-dry fabric per cubic metre of cage space, including the volume of the fins. The load shall be made up o
30、f test specimens and as much other similar fabric as is required. The quantity of water used shall be sufficient to cover the load, the level being situated at a height from 1/7 to 1/3 of the inside diameter of the cage.5.2 Extractor.A laundry-type centrifugal extractor with perforated basket, or eq
31、uivalent apparatus, shall be used and shall be capable of adjusting the moisture retention to a range between 50 % and 100 % (m/m) based on the air-dry mass of the fabric.Any other apparatus that will give equivalent results without fabric distortion may be used, for example, a rubber roll wringer w
32、hich could pass the specimen through the rolls along a diagonal line without altering its dimensions.NOTE Heavier fabrics of tight construction require a high-moisture retention to ensure removal of wrinkles during pressing.5.3 Pressing equipment.A flat bed press capable of pressing a specimen 600 m
33、m 600 mm and of providing a minimum pressure of 3,0 kPa is required. The temperature of the press shall be 150 C 15 C.5.4 Marking equipment.The equipment specified in ISO 3759:2011, Clause 4 is required.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 675:2014ISO 675:2014(E)6 Preparation of specimenTake a speci
34、men, preferably the full width of the cloth and at least 600 mm long. Each specimen shall be cut, not torn, from the material to be tested so that its sides are parallel to the warp and weft. Take specimens from at least 1 m away from the end of a roll and preferably 3 m away from the end. Mark, con
35、dition and measure the specimens as specified in ISO 3759:2011, 6.3 to 6.5 but using at least 500 mm between adjacent marks in each direction.To prevent entangle due to excessive ravelling, 10 mm slits along the cut edges of the test specimen should be made at approximately 100 mm intervals.7 Proced
36、ure7.1 Washing and rinsing7.1.1 Place the specimen or specimens individually in the machine with sufficient similar fabric to make up the proper dry load (5.1). Start the machine, noting the time, and allow the machine to run continuously for 60 min. During this time, carry out the following operati
37、ons as indicated, each without delay.7.1.2 Run water (4.2) into the machine at a temperature such that the machine will heat the liquor to boiling point within 10 min maximum, and fill to the proper level for washing (5.1) within 4 min.7.1.3 Add approximately 2 g/l of the anhydrous sodium carbonate
38、(4.3). Raise the temperature rapidly to 95 C. Add sufficient soap solution (4.1) to give good running suds. If more than 5 g/l of soap is used, the amount and reasons for use shall be reported see Clause 9, item h). The temperature shall be maintained at not less than 80 C.7.1.4 When the machine has
39、 run for 40 min timed from the start of the test, drain off the soap solution quickly, and fill the machine with water to the proper level for rinsing. Raise the temperature to 60 C within 2 min.7.1.5 When the machine has run for 45 min from the start of the test, drain off the water, fill again, an
40、d heat to 60 C as before.7.1.6 At the end of 55 min from the start of the test, drain off the water quickly. Allow the machine to run without further additions to complete the full 60 min of operation. Stop the machine.7.2 ExtractionRemove the specimen from the machine. Extract the excess water (5.2
41、).7.3 PressingPress each specimen, using the press (5.3), taking care to ensure that it is smoothed, without stretching, to remove wrinkles before pressing. Continue this operation until sufficient moisture has been extracted from the fabric to ensure conditioning from the dry side.7.4 EvaluationAll
42、ow the pressed specimen to cool, condition it in the standard atmosphere according to ISO 139, and measure the dimension as specified in ISO 3759:2011, 6.5. Make all measurements to the nearest 1 mm. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 675:2014ISO 675:2014(E)8 Calculation and expression of resultsC
43、alculate the dimensional change between the marks of each pair. Express as percentages of the original value to the nearest 0,1 %, using a minus sign () to indicate shrinkage and a plus sign (+) to indicate stretch.Calculate the mean dimensional change, in the warp and weft directions separately.9 T
44、est reportThe test report shall include the following particulars:a) a reference to this International Standard (i.e. ISO 675);b) the description of the sample;c) the positions of the specimens in the fabric in relation to the ends of the piece;d) the number of washing cycles to which the specimen h
45、as been subjected;e) if necessary, the dimensional change between the marks of each pair, as a percentage of the original value;f) the mean dimensional change, in the warp and weft directions separately, as a percentage of the original value;g) whether the specimen includes selvedge;h) the amount of
46、 the soap used. State the reasons for using more than 5 g/l of soap when this amount is exceeded;i) the following statement, if the test method is applied to fabrics which may be inherently extensible:“The application of even moderate tension in commercial washing and pressing may be expected to cau
47、se considerable extension of the washed fabrics.”4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 675:2014ISO 675:2014(E)Annex A (informative) Hardness of waterHardness refers to the presence of such soap-precipitating compounds as calcium, magnesium, and iron salts in the water. It is expressed in various unit
48、s, most of them based on equivalents of calcium carbonate. Definitions of some of the units used are given below, followed by a table showing the conversion factors for these units.Table A.1 Conversion factors for units of water hardnessName of unit Definition SymbolConversion factorsCa2+CaOmg/kgaCa
49、CO3mmol/l meq/l d e a fMillimole per litre1 mmol of calcium (II) ions (Ca2+) in 1 l of watermmol/l 1 2,000 5,600 100 7,020 5,850 0 10,00Milliequivalent per litre20,04 mg of calcium (II) ions (Ca2+) in 1 l of watermeq/l 0,500 1 2,800 50 3,510 2,925 0 5,00German degree of hardness10 mg of calcium oxide (CaO) in 1 l of waterd 0,178 0,357 1 17,8 1,250 1,044 0 1,78Milligram per kilogram1 mg of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in 1 l of watermg/kga0,010 0,020 0,056 1 0,070 0,058 5 0,10English degree of hardness1 grain of cal
