1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015Information technology Automatic identification anddata capture techniques Reading and display of ORM bymobile devicesBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC16480:2015.The UK partic
2、ipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capturetechniques.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a co
3、ntract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 80189 1ICS 35.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the author
4、ity of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Reading and display of ORM by mobile devicesTechnologies de linformation Technique
5、s automatiques didentification et capture de donnes Lecture et affichage de lORM par dispositifs mobilesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC16480Reference numberISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)First edition2015-08-15 ISO/IEC 2015BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/
6、IEC 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permi
7、ssion. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)BS IS
8、O/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 25 Requirements 25.1 Symbol quality produced on electronic displays (MQR) 25.1.1 Reading and illumination conditions . 35.1.2 Display pixel co
9、nditions . 35.1.3 Appropriate range of symbol X-dimensions 35.1.4 Capturing an image 45.1.5 Grading an image . 45.1.6 Reporting the grading results . 65.2 Quality of symbols that are intended to be read with general-purpose cameras in ambient lighting conditions (MBR) . 65.2.1 Reading and illuminati
10、on conditions . 65.2.2 Appropriate ranges of symbol X-dimensions 75.2.3 X-dimension recommendation (MBR2 and MBR3) . 75.2.4 Reading angle recommendation (MBR3) . 85.2.5 Verifier setup . 95.2.6 Symbol graphics . 95.2.7 Quiet zone 95.2.8 Grading an image . 95.2.9 Reporting the grading results 10Annex
11、A (informative) Applications of MQR and MBR 11Bibliography .13 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized syst
12、em for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees co
13、llaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.The procedures used t
14、o develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the IS
15、O/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified
16、 during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the
17、 meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/I
18、EC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)IntroductionThis is a technical engineering document intended for verifier manufacturers and application specificati
19、on developers for two distinct scanning environments. One is when a bar code is sent to a mobile device or other display device (MQR) for reading by a bar code scanner (generally used for personal applications such as access control and coupons). The other is when a mobile device is used to read a b
20、ar code (MBR) with its internal photographic camera from a printed or electronically displayed symbol (generally used for advertising where the mobile device runs an application to access the internet). ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015Information technolog
21、y Automatic identification and data capture techniques Reading and display of ORM by mobile devices1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method to assess the symbol quality rendered on electronic displays (i.e. the symbol produces its own light) when the reading device is a two-dimensional
22、bar code imager.In addition, this international standard specifies a method to assess the quality of symbols that are intended to be read with general-purpose cameras in ambient lighting conditions.Further, this international standard describes modifications, which are to be considered in conjunctio
23、n with the symbol quality methodology when applied to a particular symbology specification as defined in ISO/IEC 15415 and ISO/IEC 15416. It defines alternative illumination conditions, display pixel conditions and the reporting of the grading results. This document also describes appropriate ranges
24、 of symbol X-dimensions.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
25、nt (including any amendments) applies.ISO/IEC 15415, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Bar code symbol print quality test specification Two-dimensional symbolsISO/IEC 15416, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Bar code
26、 print quality test specification Linear symbolsISO/IEC 19762, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Harmonized vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply.3.1MQRapp
27、lication environment where a bar code symbol is rendered on an electronic display such as found on a typical mobile device and is intended to be read by a bar code scannerNote 1 to entry: MQR is not an acronym.3.2MBRapplication environment where a bar code symbol is intended to be read with a genera
28、l-purpose camera such as that found on a typical mobile device in ambient lighting conditionsNote 1 to entry: MBR is not an acronym.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)4 Symbols and abbreviated termsL LuminanceNavg
29、Average noise (used to calculate QZN)QZN Quiet Zone Noise5 Requirements5.1 Symbol quality produced on electronic displays (MQR)Bar code symbols are displayed on mobile device screens, generally, with device-owner specific information. See Figure 1.Figure 1 Symbol displayed on mobile devicesFigure 1
30、shows a bar code symbol sent to a mobile device typically via the internet containing owner-specific information. The symbol is intended to be presented to an imager and read with the light produced by the mobile device.Bar code symbols produced on electronic displays, generally, are constructed wit
31、h pixels that emit light and pixels that block the light. See Figure 2.2 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)Figure 2 Magnified portion of Figure 1NOTE Figure 2 shows a magnified portion of the bar code displayed on the screen (see Figure 1) of a mobile device s
32、howing the individual pixels of the screen.5.1.1 Reading and illumination conditionsGenerally, mobile devices do not have a diffuse reflective surface. Therefore it is generally not successful to attempt to read the bar code with a flying spot device (e.g. a visible laser beam).Generally, mobile dev
33、ices have a flat polished screen surface (e.g. glass) that is highly reflective. Consequently it is not generally appropriate for a bar code scanning device to illuminate the surface. In addition, generally, the only type of scanning devices capable of reading images produced on mobile devices conta
34、ins linear or area sensors or arrays and are sometimes called “linear imagers”, “2D imagers” or simply “imagers”.Generally, mobile devices produce light (i.e. backlighting) that is used directly by imagers to read symbols on the screen. The amount of backlight produced is called Luminescence. Lumine
35、scence is measured with an optometer (luminance-meter) set to the units candelas per metre squared (cd/m2). The optometer shall be configured so that the only light collected is from pixels on the display at their maximum output.Mobile devices should produce background illumination of greater than 9
36、0 cd/m2for dependable scanner performance. Displays with illumination less than 40 cd/m2may not be readable by some scanners.5.1.2 Display pixel conditionsThe pixels on a mobile device screen should be controlled directly and individually in order to produce a readable symbol. Specifically a black m
37、odule should be rendered with exactly the same number of pixels as what would be a white module of the same size.For instance, in Figure 2 above, the smallest black module is made up of an array of four by four pixels that have been directly controlled to exclude the background light. Similarly, pre
38、cisely the same array of pixels is left open to produce a bright module.5.1.3 Appropriate range of symbol X-dimensionsThe X-dimension of a bar code symbol on a mobile device screen is the physical size of an individual pixel times the number of pixels per module. An alternate way to calculate the X-
39、dimension is to measure the size of many modules and divide by the number of modules (often referred to as the Z-dimension). See Figure 3. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)Figure 3 Example method of calculating 2D symbol Z-dimension on mobile device screenN
40、OTE There are 32 modules in 10 mm (0,4 in) (between the “1” and the “5”). Therefore the Z-dimension is 0,3 mm (0,012 5 in or equivalently 12,5 mils). Therefore, the module size on this display is too small.The appropriate range of X-dimensions for bar code symbol rendered on the display of a mobile
41、device is 0,38 mm to 0,63 mm (0,015 in to 0,025 in).5.1.4 Capturing an imageTo capture an image for quality analysis, use a verification device that has its lights turned off or which does not have auxiliary lighting. The image should be taken in ambient lighting conditions. The image time should be
42、 such that the white areas reach between 70 and 85 percent of image sensor saturation.5.1.5 Grading an image5.1.5.1 Relation to 15415 and 15416For 2D bar code symbol quality analysis, the methods of ISO/IEC 15415 shall be used with the exception that Rmaxis set to 90 % and Symbol Contrast is not gra
43、ded or reported. A synthetic aperture of 0,38 mm (15 mils) shall be used to process the image to produce the reference gray scale image. The aperture size used for grading is 0,25 mm (10 mils).While less common, if the symbol is a linear bar code, then the methods of ISO/IEC 15416 shall be used exce
44、pt that the scan reflectance profile set is produced in software from an image using an aperture size that is 80 % of the symbol X-dimension with Rmaxset to 90 % and Symbol Contrast not graded or reported.5.1.5.2 LuminescenceLuminescence is graded per Table 1.Table 1 Luminescence gradingLuminancecd/
45、m2Grade 70 4,060 3,050 2,040 1,00,40 0,0 (F)Table 3 summarizes the test parameters and grade levels for MQR. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 5BS ISO/IEC 16480:2015ISO/IEC 16480:2015(E)Table 3 MQR test parameters and valuesParame-terGradeDecode SymbolLumi-nancecd/m2Fixed Pat-ternDamageAxial Non-uni-
46、formityGrid Non-uni-formityModulation(interimvalues)UnusedErrorCorrec-tionQuiet Zone Noise4,0 (A) Passes L 70 See symbology specificationAN 0,06 GN 0,38 See ISO/IEC 15415UEC 0,62 QZN 0,253,0 (B) L 60 AN 0,08 GN 0,50 UEC 0,50 QZN 0,302,0 (C) L 50 AN 0,10 GN 0,63 UEC 0,37 QZN 0,351,0 (D) L 40 AN 0,12
47、GN 0,75 UEC 0,25 QZN 0,400,0 (F) Fails L 0,12 GN 0,75 UEC 0,405.1.6 Reporting the grading resultsThe grade shall be reported with the prefix (MQR) followed by the formal grade in accordance with 15415 or 15416. In addition, the Z-dimension of the symbol is reported. For example, a grade might be MQR
48、/2,8/10/N (Z = 0,4 mm) where the “N” means that there was no light used in the verification process and (0,4 mm) is the Z-dimension. The verification process does not illuminate the display, rather the light coming from the display is used to make the image.5.2 Quality of symbols that are intended t
49、o be read with general-purpose cameras in ambient lighting conditions (MBR)2D bar code symbols produced with the intention of being read by the cameras of mobile devices are generally printed symbols and in that regard, they are no different from symbols intended to be read by dedicated bar code scanners. However, generally, mobile devices do not have auxiliary lighting so the bar code symbols need to have high visual contrast. In addition, mobile device cameras are general
