1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationInformation technology Radio frequency identification for item managementPart 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardizedBS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008Nati
2、onal forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008. It supersedes BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2004, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capture tech-niques. A list of organi
3、zations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012
4、 ISBN 978 0 580 58955 3 ICS 35.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH S
5、TANDARDBS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008Reference number ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E)ISO/IEC 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC 18000-1Second edition 2008-07-01Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized Tec
6、hnologies de linformation Identification par radiofrquence (RFID) pour la gestion dobjets Partie 1: Architecture de rfrence et dfinition des paramtres normaliserBS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E)PDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensi
7、ng policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO C
8、entral Secretariat accepts no liability in this area.Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been ta
9、ken to ensure that thefile is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely eventthat a problem relating to it isfound, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this
10、 publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country ofthe requester.ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 G
11、eneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword.ivIntroductionv1 Scope12 Normative references13 Terms and definiti
12、ons.24 Symbols and abbreviated terms25 Architectures, references and exclusions35.1 Communications architecture35.2 System specification.55.3 Interface specification.55.4 Application architecture55.5 Information and data architecture55.6 Implementation architecture.55.7 System securityarchitecture55
13、.8 Resilience considerations55.9 Unique identification.56 Requirements.76.1 Vision statement76.2 Mission statement76.3 Conformance and Commands76.4 General (Context).86.5 Instruction to developersof subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 18000 and to installers.96.6 Context (OSI)106.7 Bi-directional systems116
14、.8 Uni-directional systems116.9 Relationship to other standards.116.10 Parameters.126.11 Physical and media access control parameters126.12 Protocol and collision management parameters.197 Modulation218 Patents and intellectual property.218.1 Responsibilities regarding patents and intellectual prope
15、rty218.2 Patents referenced in ISO/IEC 18000.21Annex A (informative) Reference co-ordinates for regional and national regulations22Annex B (informative) Pro forma for parameter definition standards (including parameter definition tables)23Annex C (informative) Architectural views of logistic and dis
16、tribution systems34Annex D (informative) Tag identifier.45Annex E (informative) Intellectual property: patents47Bibliography48BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E)iv ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International
17、Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of t
18、echnical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint te
19、chnical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordancewith the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are c
20、irculated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval byat least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thisdocument may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be hel
21、d responsible for identifying anyor all suchpatent rights. ISO/IEC 18000-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC180
22、00-1:2004), which has been technically revised.ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management: Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized Part 2: Parameters for air i
23、nterface communications below 135 kHz Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications
24、at 433 MHz BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO/IEC 18000 has been developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4, radio frequency identification for item identification and management, in order to provide parameter definitions for communications p
25、rotocols within a common framework for internationally useable frequencies for radio frequency identification (RFID), and, where possible, to determine the use of the same protocols for ALL frequencies such that the problems of migrating from one to another are diminished; to minimise software and i
26、mplementation costs; and to enable systemmanagement and control and information exchange to be common as faras is possible. Informative Annexes to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 provide contact information in respect of the radio regulations within which such systems have to operate, and some informatio
27、nal views of system architectures within which RFID for item management is likely to beused (Annexes A and C). There are no specific patents applicable to this part of ISO/IEC 18000. Known patents relating to other parts of ISO/IEC 18000 will be found in the appropriate part ofISO/IEC 18000. BS ISO/
28、IEC 18000-1:2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 1Information technology Radio frequency identification for itemmanagement Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized 1 Scope 1.1 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the
29、generic architecture concepts in which item identification may commonly be required within the logistics and supply chain and defines the parameters that need to be determined in any standardized air interface definition in the subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 18000. The subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 18000
30、 provide the specific values for definition of the air interface parameters for a particular frequency/type of air interface from which compliance (or non-compliance) with this part of ISO/IEC 18000 can be established. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 also provides a description of example conceptual arch
31、itecturesin which these air interfacesare often to be utilized. 1.2 This part of ISO/IEC18000 limits its scope to transactions and data exchanges across the air interface at reference point delta (see Figure1). The means of generating and managing such transactions, other than a requirement to achie
32、ve the transactional performance determined within this part of ISO/IEC 18000, are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000, as is the definition or specification of any supporting hardware, firmware, software or associated equipment. 1.3 Standardization of other reference points is outside t
33、he scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000. (See Figure 1.)1.4 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is an enabling standard which supports and promotes several RFID implementations without making conclusions about the relative technical merits of anyavailable option for any possible application.1.5 This part of I
34、SO/IEC 18000 also provides reference information in respect of patents that have been declared to the developers of ISO/IEC 18000 as pertinent and provides reference addresses in respect of regulations underwhich ISO/IEC 18000 must operate.2 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are
35、indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology Automatic identification and data captur
36、e (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabularyISO/IEC 15961, Information technology Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management Data protocol: application interface. ISO/IEC TR 18047 (all parts), Information technology Radio frequency identification device conformance test methodsIEC 60601-
37、1-2, Medical electrical equipment Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility Requirements and testsBS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E)2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purpose
38、s of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts) and the following apply. 3.1 MODES (standardized) different standardized RFID systems for Item Identification operating within the same frequency range, which mayormay not be interoperable but do not significantly inter
39、fere with eachotherNOTE An International Standard providing parameter definitions for a particular frequency range may have one or several MODES. 3.2 significant interference likely impedance by a system of one standardized MODE (working within the most widespread regulated power emissions) of the s
40、uccessful operation of a system of another standardized MODE (working within the most widespread regulated poweremissions), in likely expected operating situations3.3 marginal measurable interference interference that does not impede operation in likely expected operating situations, or that could b
41、e avoided by simple and inexpensive design improvement NOTE Marginal measurable interference is not considered to be cause to reject a MODE. 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts) and the following apply
42、. AFI applicationfamilyidentifierAPI application programming interface CW continuous waveDFMFM double frequency modifiedfrequency modulation DLL data link layer (OSI model)DSFID data storage format identifierEOF end offrame FCC Federal Communications Commission (of USA)FTDMA frequency and time divis
43、ion multiple accessLPB long power breakMFM modified frequency modulation MFR Tag ID unique identifier incorrectlyknown in some places as UID n/a not applicable PJM phase jitter modulation BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 3PN pseudo-noise (as in PN Code)
44、SOF start of frame TRAM temporary random access memoryVICC vicinityintegrated circuit card5 Architectures, references and exclusionsThis part of ISO/IEC 18000 does not attempt to define a reference architecture for item identification. The communication architecture defines the reference point that
45、is the subject of ISO/IEC18000, and limits ISO/IEC 18000 to defining protocols and transactions across this reference point in several technical and application situations. The informative annexes provide architecture examples of application scenarios where such transactions are likely to occur. The
46、se example scenarios are informative and the protocols and transactions defined in ISO/IEC 18000 may and will occur in other situations. 5.1 Communicationsarchitecture5.1.1 Reference point delta This part of ISO/IEC18000 limits its scope to transactions and data exchanges across the air interface at
47、 Reference point delta. (See Figure 1). The means of generating and managingsuch transactions, other than a requirement to achieve the transactional performance determined within this part of ISO/IEC 18000, are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000, asis the definition or specification of
48、any supporting hardware, firmware, software orassociated equipments.Standardization of other reference points are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000. (See Figure 1.)TAG INTERROGATORAir InterfaceApplication Communication Media Media Communication Local CentralProcesses Control Adaption A
49、daption Control System SystemAPPLICATION CC MA MA CC LS CSReferencePointsZETA EPSILON DELTA GAMMA BETA ALPHAFigure 1 RFID Reference CommunicationsArchitecture BS ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E)4 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedyy5.1.2 EntityblocksCentralsystem. This block contains all centralised functions of general distribution logistic model applications. Local sytem. This is the local (roadside) entitythat handles the “real-time“ and distributed parts of the general distribution l
