1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 1: Test methods for system performanceBS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011 BR
2、ITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC18046-1:2011. Together with BS ISO/IEC 18046-2:2011 and BS ISO/IEC 18046-3:2007, it supersedes BS ISO/IEC 18046:2006 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee I
3、ST/34, Automatic identification and data capturetechniques.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 20
4、11ISBN 978 0 580 71970 7ICS 35.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 1
5、8046-1:2011Reference numberISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E)ISO/IEC 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC18046-1First edition2011-10-15Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 1: Test methods for system performance Technologies de linformation Mthodes dessai des
6、performances du dispositif didentification par radiofrquence Partie 1: Mthodes dessai des performances du systme BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
7、utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
8、Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and defin
9、itions . 1 4 Abbreviated terms . 2 5 Conditions applicable to the test methods . 2 5.1 Selection of the tests 2 5.2 Selection of the devices to be tested 2 5.3 Test environment . 2 5.4 RF environment . 2 5.5 Pre-conditioning 3 5.6 Default tolerance . 3 5.7 Total measurement uncertainty . 3 5.8 Test
10、Read and Write 3 5.9 Test speed motion . 3 5.10 Test mounting material . 3 5.11 Test communication parameters . 3 5.12 Test equipment limits 3 5.13 Human exposure to EMF 4 5.14 Test result reporting 4 5.15 Tag arrangement . 4 6 Inductive systems . 5 6.1 Portable Interrogator . 5 6.2 Interrogator wit
11、h one side antenna(s) configuration . 10 6.3 Interrogator gate antenna configuration . 19 6.4 Interrogator 3 dimension antenna configuration (tunnel) . 25 7 Propagative system according ISO/IEC 18000-6 31 7.1 Portable Interrogator . 31 7.2 Interrogator with one side antenna(s) configuration . 36 7.3
12、 Interrogator gate antenna configuration . 47 7.4 Interrogator 3 dimension antenna configuration (tunnel) . 52 8 Propagative System according ISO/IEC 18000-7 . 61 8.1 Fixed Interrogator 61 Annex A (Normative) Table of general parameters for the test report 64 Bibliography 65 BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011I
13、SO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in
14、 the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non
15、-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main
16、task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting
17、 a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 18046-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
18、 technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. This first edition (ISO/IEC 18046-1) cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 18046:2006). ISO/IEC 18046 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Radio frequency ident
19、ification device performance test methods: Part 1: Test methods for system performance Part 2: Test methods for interrogator performance Part 3: Test methods for tag performance BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction RFID technology has broad ap
20、plicability to the Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) industry in item management. As a wireless communication technique based on Radio Frequency technology the applications cover multiple levels of the industrial, commercial and retail supply chains. These can include: freight contain
21、ers, returnable Transport Items (RTI), transport units, product packaging, and product tagging. Performance tests define test methods that deliver results that allow the comparison of different RFID systems, interrogator and tags in order to select among them for use in a particular application. The
22、 performance characteristics of devices (tags and interrogation equipment) can vary drastically due to application factors as well as the particular RFID air interface (frequency, modulation, protocol, etc.) being supported. Of key concern is the matching of the various performance characteristics t
23、o the user application. Additionally, in an open environment users of such technology demand multiple sources for these devices from technology providers. A key challenge is a method of evaluating the differences between various technology providers products in a consistent and equitable manner. Thi
24、s part of ISO/IEC 18046 provides a framework for meeting the above noted concern and challenges. To this end, clear definitions of performance as related to user application of RFID technology in the supply chain are provided. Based on such application-based definitions, test methods are defined wit
25、h attention to the test parameters required for a consistent evaluation of RFID devices. Of particular significance, these tests are defined for RFID devices having one antenna. It is common practice to have products with both single and multiple antennas to define an RFID transaction zone sufficien
26、t for the application. The defined methods can easily be extended from equipment with a single antenna to apply to equipment with multiple antennas, in order to evaluate performance under conditions more closely matching those of a particular application. BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:20
27、11INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 1: Test methods for system performance 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 18046 defines test methods for performance characteristics
28、 of RFID systems for item management, and specifies the general requirements and test requirements for systems which are applicable to the selection of devices for an application. It does not apply to testing in relation to regulatory or similar requirements. 2 Normative references The following ref
29、erenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to th
30、e expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection ISO 2859-4, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 4: Procedures for assessme
31、nt of declared quality levels ISO 2859-10, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 10: Introduction to the ISO 2859 series of standards for sampling for inspection by attributes ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmoniz
32、ed vocabulary Part 3: Radius frequency identification (RFID) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-3 and the following apply. 3.1 one side antenna(s) system with one antenna or multiple antennas which are positioned on the same pl
33、ane and same side in front of the tag 3.2 gate system with a minimum of two antennas set in parallel vertical plans at a given distance with a tag that moves between these antennas BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved3.3 tunnel system with a minimum of th
34、ree antennas, two of them being set in parallel vertical plans, and one being set in a horizontal plan with a tag that moves between those three antennas 4 Abbreviated terms D Distance between tag and antenna of interrogator DGDistance between antennas for gate configuration DHTHorizontal distance b
35、etween antennas for tunnel configuration EMF Electro Magnetic Field MPE Maximum Permissive Exposure SAR Specific Absorption Rate 5 Conditions applicable to the test methods 5.1 Selection of the tests The system integrators and/or end users will have to select the applicable tests according to a spec
36、ific application while ignoring the ones which do not apply to this (these) application(s). 5.2 Selection of the devices to be tested Unless otherwise specified, testing shall be performed on: The population of tag to be tested shall be chosen in accordance with ISO/IEC 2859-1, ISO/IEC 2859-4, and I
37、SO/IEC 2859-10. The interrogator given for testing. The equipment shall be the same for all the tests selected for the testing program. 5.3 Test environment Unless otherwise specified, testing shall take place in air environment of temperature 23C 3C (73F 5F) and of relative humidity 30 % to 60 %. 5
38、.4 RF environment The tests shall be performed in a known RF environment. RF environment must be measured to operate the test. Spurious transmissions in functional band for the test must be less than 80 dBm. All measurement shall be done with spectrum analyser and antenna (loop antenna for BF and HF
39、 band, and Log periodic antenna or horn for UHF band. The spectrum analyser must be configured on the RF band and on “Max hold” measurement. The time of measurement must be more than 5 min. BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 35.5 Pre-conditioning The RFID
40、 System to be tested shall be conditioned to the test environment for a period of 24 hours before testing. 5.6 Default tolerance Unless otherwise specified, a default tolerance of 5 % shall be applied to the quantity values given to specify the characteristics of the test equipment (e.g. linear dime
41、nsions) and the test method procedures (e.g. test equipment adjustments). 5.7 Total measurement uncertainty The total measurement uncertainty for each quantity determined by these test methods shall be stated in the test report in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide 98-3. 5.8 Test Read and Write The hexad
42、ecimal characters written in the user memory shall be alternatively 0xAA and 0x55 Without specific requirement, the user memory addresses used for these tests shall be the first address and the last address. Others addresses could be tested and these addresses shall be noted in the report. The size
43、and position of data in the memory to be read or written may influence the results and shall therefore be noted. Measure the maximum read and write rate for the system under test and these rates shall be noted in the report. 5.9 Test speed motion For all Tests Speed Motion, the unique important fact
44、or is that the motion speed be constant within the volume tested. It implies that the tag be moved from outside the reading volume at a constant speed throughout the volume tested. The interrogator shall be configured to repeat the inventory command. The delay between two inventory commands shall be
45、 such that the tag is still in the identification volume (read zone). 5.10 Test mounting material The tags shall be mounted on the mounting materials for which they are intended for the application. The mounted material attached to the tag shall be considered as integral part of the tag. 5.11 Test c
46、ommunication parameters All the tests shall be done for various communication parameters (forward and return link). The tests conditions shall be recorded in the test report. 5.12 Test equipment limits If the test equipment limits the performance measurement, these limits shall be noted in the test
47、report. BS ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011ISO/IEC 18046-1:2011(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved5.13 Human exposure to EMF High magnetic or electromagnetic field strength shall not exceed the limits of maximum permissible human exposure to EMF,in accordance with local regulations. FCC guidelines for MPE an
48、d SAR or EC 1999/519/CE are examples for relevant documents. 5.14 Test result reporting Each test result shall include: identification number of tag (UII,Tag ID, in relation with air interface standards), type, description, reference number (serial number) of the interrogator, minimum value, maximum
49、 value, mean value and standard deviation of the results. In order to evaluate the results, the interrogator antenna properties, model etc. shall also be specified, as well as the type of interrogator, and type of connection between interrogator and antenna. The type of command and the number of bits written shall be indicated in the report. For the tests requiring measurement curves, additionally to the curves on minimum value, maximum value, mean value and standard deviation, the in
