1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015Information technology Radio frequency identificationdevice performance testmethodsPart 4: Test methods for performance ofRFID gates in librariesBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、ISO/IEC18046-4:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capturetechniques.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include al
3、l the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 85563 4ICS 35.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standa
4、rd was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 4: Test m
5、ethods for performance of RFID gates in librariesTechnologies de linformation Mthodes dessai des performances du dispositif didentification par radiofrquence Partie 4: Mthodes dessai de la performance des portes RFID dans les bibliothquesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC18046-4Reference numberISO/IEC 18
6、046-4:2015(E)First edition2015-12-15 ISO/IEC 2015BS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any fo
7、rm or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonne
8、t 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)BS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols and abbreviated term
9、s . 64.1 Symbols . 64.2 Abbreviated terms . 75 Conditions applicable to the test methods 75.1 Number of interrogators to be tested 75.2 Test environment 75.3 RF environment 75.4 Pre-conditioning 75.5 Default tolerance . 85.6 Total measurement uncertainty . 85.7 Test result reporting . 85.8 Test comm
10、unication parameters . 85.9 Test equipment limits . 85.10 Human exposure to EMF 86 Required auxiliary means for performance tests 86.1 Movement apparatus . 86.2 PC with test software . 86.3 Reference blocks 96.3.1 General 96.3.2 Tags 96.3.3 Tag block . 96.3.4 Tag bundle 106.3.5 Media stack 116.4 Act
11、ive interferer 136.5 Passive Interferer . 147 Performance tests 147.1 General remarks . 147.2 Measurement of transmitter carrier H-field level .147.3 Detection field homogeneity 177.4 Reliability of detection 187.4.1 General. 187.4.2 Procedure (on the basis of AFI) . 197.4.3 Procedure with increased
12、 walking speed .197.4.4 Procedure with 6 tags and read data of 34 bytes, walking speed (only on the basis of AFI) .207.4.5 Procedure with 6 tags and read data of 34 bytes, increased walking speed (only on the basis of AFI) . 207.5 Stack performance 207.6 Immunity to interferences . 227.6.1 General.
13、227.6.2 Analysis 1 (active interferer) 237.6.3 Analysis 2 (passive metallic interferer) 258 Assessment of the complete product test 269 Certificate 26Annex A (normative) Test Record (AFI) .27 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)Annex B (info
14、rmative) Media stack .41Bibliography .42iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization.
15、 National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual int
16、erest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.The procedures used to develop this document and those
17、 intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www
18、.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the d
19、ocument will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms
20、and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology
21、, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.ISO/IEC 18046 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods: Part 1: Test methods for system performance Part 2: Test methods fo
22、r interrogator performance Part 3: Test methods for tag performance Part 4: Test methods for performance of RFID gates in libraries ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)IntroductionThis part of ISO/IEC 18046 covers test methods for the performance of HF RFI
23、D gates in libraries. The term HF RFID gate refers to an HF RFID interrogator that supports an arrangement of several HF RFID antennas utilizing multiplexers or splitters. Antenna pairs are usually placed on opposite sides of a so-called passage way through which tags are moved and captured. The pos
24、itioning of such HF RFID gates at entrances, exits and transit positions within buildings thus permits the capturing of access and/or outward movement of objects/media or media stacks.At the same time, the possibility of stack (bundle) detection permits the simultaneous recognition of several tags.
25、HF RFID gates are available as permanently installed or mobile variants. The reading range of HF RFID gates is limited but can be set in the range of 0,5 m to 2 m for 13,56 MHz (inductive coupling) systems based on the size and number of antennas and/or of the tag properties.The main purpose of the
26、gates within a library lies in anti-theft protection of media using simple reading of security bits (AFI or EAS) on a tag. Aside from that, they also permit the capturing of the specific medium by reading out extended information that can be additionally stored in a tag. There are also hybrid system
27、s, which additionally allow capturing of so-called EAS magnetic strips.HF RFID gates within libraries are frequently used in combination with visitor counters (e.g. light barriers) which permit direction-dependent capturing of gate use. These visitor counters can be installed optionally or can alter
28、natively be a fixed part of the gate.Current gates can recognize tags in horizontal and vertical as well as diagonal positions. A few possess auto-tuning functions that automatically correct the magnetic field if there is a drop in performance.The selected operating mode (AFI) is constant throughout
29、 the entire individual tests.Figure 1 shows four essential processes that could be identified for HF RFID gates in libraries. These are, on the one hand, the registration of media security at the time of access/outward movement of objects and therewith the alarm functions. Then, there is the pure de
30、tection of media information of the tags that have been moved. Furthermore, there is the optional counting of visitors and finally, the communication with the backend systems of the library, though this is not compulsory. In its main function of media security, a gate should also function offline.Pr
31、ocedures ingatesCommunicationwith backendRegistration ofvisitor g976lowAlarmDetection ofmedia protectionRequest ofmedia informationFigure 1 Typical process flow at a gateBy increasing service demands in the area of opening times and increasing cost pressures at the same time, public and academic lib
32、raries increasingly rely on the use of automated accounting systems based on radio frequency technology. In addition to posting the media for lending and return, the technology also provides an anti-theft device. Core components for preventing burglary are sensor systems, which vi ISO/IEC 2015 All r
33、ights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)are installed in the form of pass gates at the entry and exit. Prior to this part of ISO/IEC 18046, there were no requirements and test specifications that describe the performance of these sensor systems uniformly. With the present test me
34、thods for standardization of performance evaluation of HF RFID gates for use in libraries, this gap will be closed.The RFID performance of the gates can be impaired if objects that have an influence on the magnetic fields are present in the direct vicinity of the gates. Materials such as metals, wat
35、er and substances with a high density can influence transmission here. In libraries, it is mostly due to constructional and/or architectural reasons that such objects are present in the direct vicinity of HF RFID gates. These can be metallic door frames, staircase railings, floor heating as well as
36、sign plates or metallic furniture. In many cases, it is not possible to maintain a minimum distance, resulting in possible performance losses of the antennas. Special influence is also exerted by power lines with high output or lines with power line telecommunication within the building which are la
37、id into the floor or in the walls and are not visually identifiable as sources of interference.Influences can be caused by active and passive sources. These include the RFID components themselves. The passive sources of interference include all kinds of furniture of a library composed of or containi
38、ng metal which can possibly have an interfering influence and can distort the detection field. This also includes tags disposed in the vicinity of the gates which are positioned in a secured variant within the library. All kinds of electrical devices and machines that can exert an electro-magnetic i
39、nfluence on the gate in libraries, and/or buildings, in general, can be summed up as active interferers.In this part of ISO/IEC 18046, references to HF RFID gates, interrogators, and tags usually assume HF RFID gates, HF interrogators, and HF tags. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved viiBS ISO/IEC 1804
40、6-4:2015BS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 4: Test methods for performance of RFID gates in libraries1 ScopeThis part of ISO/IEC 18046 defines test methods for performance characteristics of HF RFID gates in libraries for
41、 item management and specifies the general requirements and test requirements for HF RFID gates in libraries which are applicable to the selection of the gates for an application. The summary of the test reports form a unified tag datasheet. It does not apply to testing in relation to regulatory or
42、similar requirements.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
43、(including any amendments) applies.ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHzISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 3:
44、 Test methods for tag performanceISO/IEC 197621), Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabularyEN 300330-1 V 1.8.0:2014-06, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the fre
45、quency range 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply. 3.1walking speedat a s
46、peed of 1 m/s3.2increased walking speedat a speed of 2 m/s3.3direction of movementdirection in which a gate is passed by persons in normal operation1) To be published.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015ISO/IEC 18046-4:2015(E)3.4sys
47、tem interfacedescribes the interface, over which the system “Gate” exchanges information with a higher level IT systemNote 1 to entry: The system interface is accessible from outside the object. Often, a proprietary, interrogator-specific, communication protocol is applied here.3.5rate of detectionr
48、epresents the average number of detected tags per test set-up over three repetitions per distance travelled3.6travel distancetesting instruments such as tag, tag bundles or media stacks are moved on the travel distance through the gate (DUT)Note 1 to entry: Its length is 3 m. At the same time, the c
49、entre point of the travelling distance lies at half depth of the gate. In cases, where the gate has an especially large depth, the travelling distance is extended such that its start and its end are securely at a distance at which no tag can be detected.3.7reference planeplane to which all measures of altitude refer as shown in Figure 212Key1 antenna2 reference planeFigure 2 Reference planeNote 1 to entry: The reference plane corresponds to the plane on which persons pass through the gate when it is actually mounted. The
