1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015Information technology Learning, education andtraining Collaborativetechnology Collaborativelearning communicationPart 1: Text-based communicationBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、 ISO/IEC19780-1:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/43, Information technology for learning, educationand training.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to in
3、clude all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84694 6ICS 03.100.30; 35.240.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligatio
4、ns.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative lear
5、ning communication Part 1: Text-based communicationTechnologies de linformation Apprentissage, ducation et formation Technologie collaborative Communication dapprentissage collaboratif Partie 1: Communication base de texteINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC19780-1Reference numberISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)Sec
6、ond edition2015-10-15 ISO/IEC 2015BS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any me
7、ans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-12
8、14 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)BS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 11.1 Statement of scope . 11.2 Excluded subjects and aspects 12 Normative references 13 Terms and
9、 definitions . 14 Abbreviated terms and acronyms 25 Text-based communication Data Model . 25.1 Overview 25.2 Expression Data Model specification . 35.3 Supplemental information for the expression Data Model. 95.3.1 Data element EX_ID . 95.3.2 Data element EX_Title . 95.3.3 Aggregating element EX_B-R
10、ef 95.3.4 Data element EX_B-Ref_source 95.3.5 Data element EX_B-Ref_value . 95.3.6 Aggregating element EX_A-Ref 95.3.7 Data element EX_A-Ref_source . 105.3.8 Data element EX_A-Ref_value 105.3.9 Data element EX_Time_Date . 105.3.10 Data element CG_Role_name 105.3.11 Data element CG_Role_holder_IDRef
11、.105.3.12 Data element CW_ID-Ref 105.3.13 Aggregating element EX_Function . 115.3.14 Data element CE_Tool_name . 115.3.15 Data element CE_Function_name . 115.3.16 Data element EX_Reply-to_ID-Ref 115.3.17 Data element EX_Relation . 115.3.18 Data element EX_Relation_ID-Ref.115.3.19 Data element EX_Rel
12、ation_type-source .115.3.20 Data element EX_Relation_type . 116 Conformance 11Annex A (informative) Use cases13Annex B (informative) Alphabetical list of terms .15Bibliography .16 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the Internat
13、ional Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established
14、 by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field
15、 of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for th
16、e different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO an
17、d IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this
18、document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to T
19、rade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning, education and training.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/
20、IEC 19780-1:2008), of which it constitutes a minor revision.ISO/IEC 19780 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative learning communication: Part 1: Text-based communicationiv ISO/IEC 2015 Al
21、l rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)IntroductionCollaborative communication in generalCollaborative learning that is supported with information and communication technologies (ICTs) can involve the use of a range of media, including audio (e.g. IP telephony), video (e.g. v
22、ideo over IP), graphics (e.g. shared whiteboard) and text (e.g. chat, computer conferencing). Combinations of these media (e.g. audio telegraphics) can also be used in collaborative learning activities. ISO/IEC 19780 focuses on messages and events arising in the course of collaborative learning acti
23、vities, using a range of collaborative tools and media types. ISO/IEC 19780 understands and defines these communicative actions and events as being sent and received by participants and within environments, as these are conceptualized and defined in ISO/IEC 19778.This part of ISO/IEC 19780 focuses o
24、n text-based communications and messages. Future editions or parts of ISO/IEC 19780 may address communications using other media (e.g. audio or video), or communications independent of any particular medium. Experience and feedback deriving from this part of ISO/IEC 19780 and from work with evolving
25、 communication media are likely to play an important role in determining the shape and direction of this future standardization work.In this context, “text” can be defined in terms provided by the Oxford English Dictionary: “the wording of anything expressed; the structure formed by the words in the
26、ir order; the very words, phrases, and sentences as written.” Text is further understood here as that which can be expressed using a specified character set (here the “coded character sets” defined in ISO 10646). The use of markup languages derived from the specified character set used is also admis
27、sible.Some of the most common forms of ICT-supported collaborative learning involve the exchange of messages or text-based expressions. As defined here, text-based collaboration and communication is characterized by relatively brief messages or “small” expression bodies (e.g. a single word to a few
28、paragraphs), and by relatively short time intervals between such expressions (fractions of a second to days). The result is that content generated through this type of communication tends to be highly context-dependent, with any one textual expression often gaining its meaning from complex relations
29、hips to others. This makes the portability and potential reconstruction of these relationships and of this context of great significance.Within the general parameters described above, the length of and time intervals between discrete communicative actions or messages can vary. Collaborative technolo
30、gies and activities with the smallest intervals between messages are often labelled “synchronous”, and tend to be associated with the term “chat”. Those with longer intervals and more sizeable expression bodies are often labelled “asynchronous”, and tend to be associated with terms such as “discussi
31、on” or “conferencing”. In the terminology defined in ISO/IEC 19778, both synchronous (chat) and asynchronous (discussion) represent particular collaborative services, composed of collaborative tools (ICQ, Windows Messenger, etc.), which provide collaborative functions (e.g. instant messaging). These
32、 functions, in turn, contribute to particular collaborative effects (e.g. facilitating the gradual achievement of consensus).NOTE Italicized terms in the paragraphs above and throughout this part of ISO/IEC 19780 are defined in Clause 3 or in ISO/IEC 19778-1.Text-based communication in particularThi
33、s part of ISO/IEC 19780 presents a Data Model for text-based expressions.A collaborative workplace is defined as an instantiated independent entity, consisting of the collaborative activities of a collaborative group, which works together by means of a collaborative environment (ISO/IEC 19778-1 to I
34、SO/IEC 19778-3).As these definitions indicate, collaborative workplaces are associated with two major kinds of components: collaborative service components; collaborative group components. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)This part of ISO/IEC 19780 prov
35、ides a Data Model to accommodate the data constituted by and associated with text-based messages or expressions, which are exchanged among collaborative group members within a collaborative environment.Expressions are composed by and exchanged among collaborative group members within a collaborative
36、 workplace. Collaborative environment components (collaborative services, tools and functions) facilitate these collaborative activities, resulting in various collaborative effects. Typical effects can include, for example, “reaching a compromise on a controversial issue”, “exploring arguments for a
37、nd against a particular decision item” or “getting to know students in a class”. The classification and definition of particular collaborative effects is outside of the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 19780. Expression Data Model instantiations are associated by reference to collaborative group Data M
38、odel and collaborative environment Data Model instantiations.This can be illustrated through the example of a mailing list considered as a collaborative workplace. Such a collaborative workplace is instantiated as an independent entity by associating a particular list of email addresses (each addres
39、s being associated with a participant) with a particular email service (or with specific aspects of such a service). Collaborative group members (being identified in the system by their email addresses) interact with each other and with the email service by composing, sending, receiving, reading and
40、 responding to email messages or expressions. The email service accepts emails from collaborative group members only, and forwards or reflects them to all other collaborative group members as specified in the email address list of the collaborative group.Naturally, such a collaborative context, as a
41、n abstract entity, does not encompass the holders of the email addresses nor the email server, the email clients or the computers of the participants.Expressions are composed, sent and received by members of the collaborative group. These collaborative activities are made possible through the email
42、service provided through the collaborative environment.vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative learning communication Part 1: Text-based comm
43、unication1 Scope1.1 Statement of scopeThis part of ISO/IEC 19780 specifies the Data Model for text-based expressions.It provides a standardized way of isolating and describing textual expressions composed and communicated by collaborative group members.1.2 Excluded subjects and aspectsFor the purpos
44、es of simplicity, the following media and contexts have been excluded from this part of ISO/IEC 19780. Communication involving media other than text. Contexts and associated requirements in which one or more participants are intended to receive a given expression are identified individually, apart f
45、rom the collaborative group (e.g. “whispering” or “private messaging” in chat contexts). Permissions and privacy information associated with individual participants.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable f
46、or its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO/IEC 19778-1:1), Information technology Learning, education and training Collaborative technology Collaborative workpl
47、ace Part 1: Collaborative workplace data model3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19778-1 and the following apply.NOTE The terms defined here are closely interrelated. When a term is utilized elsewhere in this part of ISO/IEC 19780, as
48、 defined in this list or as defined in ISO/IEC 19778-1, that term is italicized.1) To be published. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015ISO/IEC 19780-1:2015(E)3.1expressioninstantiation of the Data Model for text-based expressions including the expression body and possible expre
49、ssion attachmentsNote 1 to entry: See ISO/IEC 19778-2.3.2expression attachmentadditional data associated with a given expression3.3expression bodyprinciple message or communicative substance of the expression shared among participants in a collaborative environment, related through reference to the expression Data Model instance3.4textdata in the form of characters, symbols, words, phrases, paragraphs, sentences, tables or other character arrangements, intended to convey a meaning and whose interpretation is essen
