1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012Information technology - Realtime locating systems (RTLS)Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocolBS ISO/IEC 24730-2:201
2、2 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012. Together with BS ISO/IEC 24730-21:2012 and BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012, it supersedes BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalC
3、ommittee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capturetechniques.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicati
4、on. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 74399 3ICS 35.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3
5、0 June 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012Reference numberISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E)ISO/IEC 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC24730-2Second edition2012-06-01Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Sp
6、ectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol Technologies de linformation Systmes de localisation en temps rel (RTLS) Partie 2: Protocole dinterface dair 2,4 GHz dtalement de spectre squence directe (DSSS) BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2012 All r
7、ights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of
8、the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved iiiFo
9、reword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technica
10、l committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part i
11、n the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare Internat
12、ional Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of
13、the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24730-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification an
14、d data capture techniques. This second edition of ISO/IEC 24730-2, together with ISO/IEC 24730-21 and ISO/IEC 24730-22, cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006, which has been technically revised. ISO/IEC 24730 consists of the following parts, under the general title Informati
15、on technology Real time locating systems (RTLS): Part 1: Application program interface (API) Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol Part 21: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with a single spread code
16、and employing a DBPSK data encoding and BPSK spreading scheme Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK (WOQPSK) spreading scheme Part 5: Chirp spread spec
17、trum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface Part 6: Ultra Wide Band Air Interface protocol Part 61: Low rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface Part 62: High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) iv ISO/
18、IEC 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction ISO/IEC 24730 defines a single application program interface (API) for real time locating systems (RTLs) for use in asset management and is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage interoperability of products for the growing RTLS market. ISO/IEC
19、24730 also defines two air interface protocols, as follows: ISO/IEC 24730-2, based on a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and ISO/IEC 24730-5, based on a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technique. This part of ISO/IEC 24730, the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol,
20、 establishes a technical standard for real time locating systems that operate at an internationally available 2,4 GHz frequency band and is intended to provide approximate location with frequent updates (for example, several times a minute). In order to be compliant with this part of ISO/IEC 24730,
21、compliance with ISO/IEC 24730-1 is also required. Real time locating systems are wireless systems with the ability to locate the position of an item anywhere in a defined space (local/campus, wide area/regional, global) at a point in time that is, or is close to, present time. Position is derived by
22、 measurements of the physical properties of the radio link. This part of ISO/IEC 24730 specifies the air interface for a system that locates an asset in a controlled area, e.g. warehouse, campus and airport, with accuracy to 3 m or less. There are two additional methods of locating an object which a
23、re really RFID rather than RTLS: locating an asset by virtue of the fact that the asset has passed point A at a certain time and has not passed point B; locating an asset by virtue of providing a homing beacon whereby a person with a handheld device can find an asset. The method of location is throu
24、gh identification and location, generally through multi-lateration. The different types are Time of Arrival (ToA) / Time of Flight Ranging Systems, Amplitude / Received Signal Strength Triangulation, Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), and Angle of Arrival (AoA). This part of ISO/IEC 24730 defines th
25、e air interface protocol needed for the creation of an RTLS system. Although there are many types of location algorithms that could be used, one example of a location algorithm is provided in Annex A of ISO/IEC 24730-21. ISO/IEC 24730-22 defines the air interface protocol needed for the reader synch
26、ronization essential for the location method based on timing information, such as Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA). Although there are many types of reader synchronization methods that could be used, an example of RTLS reader synchronization is provided in Annex A of ISO/IEC 24730-22. BS ISO/IEC 24
27、730-2:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 1Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 24730 is comprised of this main document and
28、two additional parts, ISO/IEC 24730-21 and ISO/IEC 24730-22, and defines a networked location system that provides X-Y coordinates and data telemetry. The system utilizes real time locating systems (RTLS) transmitters that autonomously generate a direct sequence spread spectrum radio frequency beaco
29、n. These devices can be field programmable and support an optional exciter mode that allows modification of the rate of location update and location of the RTLS device. This part of ISO/IEC 24730 defines these modes, but does not define the means by which they are accomplished. 2 Normative reference
30、s The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 24730-1, Information technology Real ti
31、me locating systems (RTLS) Part 1: Application program interface (API) ISO/IEC 18000-4:2008, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Automatic identification and
32、data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID) ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology Ra
33、dio frequency identification for item management Unique identification for RF tags ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005, Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
34、 Physical Layer (PHY) specifications ISO/IEC 24730-21:2011, Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 21: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with a single spread code and employing a DBPSK data encoding and BPSK spreading
35、 scheme ISO/IEC 24730-22:2011, Information technology Real time locating systems (RTLS) Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK (WOQPSK) spreading scheme
36、 BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3 and the following apply. 3.1 air interface conductor-free medium, usually air, between a tr
37、ansmitter and the receiver through which communication, e.g. data and telemetry, is achieved by means of a modulated inductive or propagated electromagnetic field 3.2 beacon feature of an RTLS system architecture that utilizes transmitters that “blink“ to produce a signal, and fixed position readers
38、 that receive those signals, thereby determining the x, y location of the transmissions 3.3 exciter device that transmits a signal that alters the behaviour of an RTLS transmitter 3.4 host applications customers management information systems 3.5 open field path from transmitter to receiver is LOS (
39、Line Of Sight) 3.6 real time locating system (RTLS) set of radio frequency receivers and associated computing equipment used to determine the position of a transmitting device relative to the placement of the aforementioned receivers that is capable of reporting that position within several minutes
40、of the transmission used for determining the position of the transmission NOTE Refer to Figure 1 for clarity regarding elements of RTLS infrastructure. Figure 1 Elements of RTLS infrastructure BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 33.7 RTLS infrastructure sy
41、stem components existing between the air interface protocol and the RTLS server API 3.8 RTLS reader device that receives signals from an RTLS transmitter or reference tag 3.9 RTLS reference tag always on powered radio device that utilizes the protocols specified in ISO/IEC 24730-2, mainly for the RT
42、LS reader synchronization 3.10 RTLS server computing device that aggregates data from the readers and determines location of transmitters 3.11 RTLS transmitter battery powered radio device that utilizes the protocols specified in ISO/IEC 24730-2 NOTE The term transmitter is used interchangeably with
43、 the term tag. 3.12 sub-blink message that is transmitted one or multiple times in a “blink“ 3.13 tag blink radio frequency transmission(s) from an RTLS transmitter that may consist of one or multiple duplicate messages 3.14 upconvert change a baseband signal to a higher frequency signal 4 Symbols a
44、nd abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3 and the following apply. BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum EB
45、 Event Blink EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power EXB EXciter Blink FSK Frequency Shift Keying LOS Line of Sight BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012ISO/IEC 24730-2:2012(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedMSB Most Significant Bit OOK On-Off Keying PN Pseudo Noise QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RSS
46、Received Signal Strength RTLS Real Time Locating Systems TIB Timed Interval Blink WOQPSK Walsh Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 5 Requirements 5.1 Frequency range This part of ISO/IEC 24730 addresses real time locating systems (RTLS) operating in the 2,400 GHz to 2,4835 GHz frequencies. 5.2 2,4
47、GHz spread spectrum air interface attributes The minimum feature set shall include the following: RTLS transmitters and reference tags shall autonomously generate a direct sequence spread spectrum radio frequency beacon. Transmission shall be at a power level that can facilitate reception at ranges
48、of at least 300 m open-field separation between the transmitter and receiver when operating within the parameters described in Table 1 of ISO/IEC 24730-21 and in from Table 1 to Table 2 of ISO/IEC 24730-22. RTLS transmitters and reference tags shall be fully compliant with local regulatory requireme
49、nts. Class 1 RF transmissions are low power and electro-magnetically compatible with, shall not interfere (not cause any measurable difference in throughput) and shall co-exist with existing standardized ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005 wireless communication networks. They are also systems that co-exist with ISO/IEC 18000-4:2008, and shall not exceed the maximum power of 10 dBm EIRP and the requirements of the local regulatory agencies. Class II RF transmissi
