1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012Information technology - Real-time locating systems (RTLS)Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol:T r a n s m i t t
2、e r s o p e r a t i n g w i t h m u l t i p l espread codes and employing a QPSKdata encoding and Walsh offset QPSK(WOQPSK) spreading schemeBS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC24730-22:2012. Together with BS ISO/IEC 24730
3、-2:2012 and BS ISO/IEC 24730-21:2012, it supersedes BS ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capturetechniques.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained o
4、n request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 74408 2ICS 35.040Compliance with a British
5、 Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012Reference numberISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E)ISO/IEC 20
6、12INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC24730-22First edition2012-06-01Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offse
7、t QPSK (WOQPSK) spreading scheme Technologies de linformation Systmes de localisation en temps rel (RTLS) Partie 22: Protocole dinterface dair 2,4 GHz dtalement de spectre squence directe (DSSS): metteurs fonctionnant avec des codes dtalement multiples et utilisant un codage de donnes QPSK et un sch
8、ma BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, withou
9、t permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2012 All r
10、ights reservedBS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 4 5 Requirements . 4 5.1 Frequency range 4 5.2 2,4 GHz spread s
11、pectrum air interface attributes 4 5.3 Compliance requirements 5 5.4 Manufacturer tag ID . 5 5.5 Physical layer parameters 5 6 Mandatory air interface protocol specification 7 6.1 General . 7 6.2 Physical layer specification . 9 Annex A (informative) Reader synchronization by the RTLS reference tag
12、17 Bibliography 19 BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E) iv ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies
13、that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other inte
14、rnational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given
15、 in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by
16、 at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24730-22 was prepared by Joint
17、Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. This first edition of ISO/IEC 24730-22, together with ISO/IEC 24730-2 and ISO/IEC 24730-21, cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006, which has b
18、een technically revised. ISO/IEC 24730 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS): Part 1: Application program interface (API) Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol Part 5: Chirp spread spe
19、ctrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface Part 21: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with a single spread code and employing a DBPSK data encoding and BPSK spreading scheme Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface pr
20、otocol: Transmitters operating with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK (WOQPSK) spreading scheme The following parts are under preparation: Part 6: Ultra Wide Band Air Interface protocol Part 61: Low rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) ai
21、r interface Part 62: High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO/IEC 24730 defines a single application program interface (API) for real-time locating systems (RTLs) for u
22、se in asset management and is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage interoperability of products for the growing RTLS market. ISO/IEC 24730 also defines three air interface protocols, as follows: ISO/IEC 24730-2, based on a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), ISO/IEC 24730-5, base
23、d on a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technique, and ISO/IEC 24730-6 Ultra Wide Band Air Interface protocol. This part of ISO/IEC 24730, the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol, establishes a technical standard for real-time locating systems that operate at an internat
24、ionally available 2,4 GHz frequency band and is intended to provide approximate location with frequent updates (for example, several times a minute). In order to be compliant with this part of ISO/IEC 24730 compliance with ISO/IEC 24730-1 is also required. Real-time locating systems are wireless sys
25、tems with the ability to locate the position of an item anywhere in a defined space (local/campus, wide area/regional, global) at a point in time that is, or is close to, present time. Position is derived by measurements of the physical properties of the radio link. This part of ISO/IEC 24730 specif
26、ies the air interface for a system that locates an asset in a controlled area, e.g. warehouse, campus, airport (area of interest is instrumented) with accuracy to 3 m or less. There are two additional methods of locating an object which are really RFID rather than RTLS: locating an asset by virtue o
27、f the fact that the asset has passed point A at a certain time and has not passed point B; locating an asset by virtue of providing a homing beacon whereby a person with a handheld device can find an asset. The method of location is through identification and location, generally through multi-latera
28、tion. The different types are time of Arrival (ToA) / Time of Flight Ranging Systems, amplitude / Received Signal Strength Triangulation, time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), and angle of Arrival (AoA). This part of ISO/IEC 24730 defines the air interface protocol needed for the creation of an RTLS sy
29、stem. Although there are many types of location algorithms that could be used, one example of a location algorithm is provided in Annex A of ISO/IEC 24730-21. This part of ISO/IEC 24730 also defines the physical layer for compliant RTLS transmitters operating with multiple spread codes and employing
30、 a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK (WOQPSK) spreading scheme, and defines the air interface protocol needed for the reader synchronization essential for the location method based on timing information, such as Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA). Although there are many types of reader synchr
31、onization methods that could be used, an example of RTLS reader synchronization is provided in Annex A. BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 1Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 22:
32、Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK (WOQPSK) spreading scheme 1 Scope ISO/IEC 24730-2 is comprised of a main document and two additional parts, ISO/IEC 24730-
33、21 and ISO/IEC 24730-22, and defines a networked location system that provides X-Y coordinates and data telemetry. The system utilizes real-time locating systems (RTLS) transmitters that autonomously generate a direct sequence spread spectrum radio frequency beacon. These devices can be field progra
34、mmable and support an optional exciter mode that allows modification of the rate of location update and location of the RTLS device. ISO/IEC 24730-2 defines these modes, but does not define the means by which they are accomplished. This part of ISO/IEC 24730 is the mode of ISO/IEC 24730-2 transmitte
35、rs operating with multiple spread codes and employing a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK(WQPSK) spreading scheme. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the e
36、dition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 24730-1, Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 1: Application program interface (API) ISO/IEC 24730-2, Information technology Real-time loca
37、ting systems (RTLS) Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol ISO/IEC 18000-4:2008, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Au
38、tomatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID) ISO/IEC 15963
39、, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Unique identification for RF tags BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedISO/IEC 8802-11:2005, Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Lo
40、cal and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications IEEE Std 1451.7TM-2010, IEEE Standard for A Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators Transducers to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Sys
41、tems Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet Formats 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3 and the following apply. 3.1 air interface wireless communications protocol and signal structure us
42、ed to communicate data between RTLS transmitters and other RTLS devices 3.2 host applications customers management information systems 3.3 RTLS infrastructure system components existing between the air interface protocol and the RTLS server API 3.4 real-time locating system set of radio frequency re
43、ceivers and associated computing equipment used to determine the position of a transmitting device relative to the placement of the aforementioned receivers that is capable of reporting that position within several minutes of the transmission used for determining the position of the transmission NOT
44、E Refer to Figure 1 for clarity regarding elements of RTLS infrastructure. BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 3exciterRTLS referencetagsRTLSinfrastructureRTLStransmittersRTLStransmittersRTLSserveroptional airinterfacemandatory airinterfaceapplicationpro
45、graminterfacehostapplicationsFigure 1 Elements of RTLS infrastructure 3.5 RTLS server computing device that aggregates data from the readers and determines location of transmitters 3.6 RTLS transmitter battery powered radio device that utilizes the protocols specified in ISO/IEC 24730-2 NOTE The ter
46、m transmitter is used interchangeably with the term tag. 3.7 RTLS reader device that receives signals from an RTLS transmitter or reference tag 3.8 open field path from transmitter to receiver is LOS (Line Of Sight) ANS T1.523-2001 3.9 exciter device that transmits a signal that alters the behaviour
47、 of an RTLS transmitter 3.10 upconvert change a baseband signal to a higher frequency signal 3.11 tag blink radio frequency transmission(s) from an RTLS transmitter that may consist of one or multiple duplicate messages BS ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012ISO/IEC 24730-22:2012(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reser
48、ved3.12 sub-blink message that is transmitted one or multiple times in a “blink“ 3.13 RTLS reference tag always on powered radio device that utilizes the protocols specified in ISO/IEC 24730-2, mainly for the RTLS reader synchronization 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this docume
49、nt, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3 and the following apply. AEXB Exciter Blink BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum EB Event Blink EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power EXB EXciter Blink FSK Frequency Shift Keying MSB Most Significant Bit OOK On-Off Keying PN Pseudo Noise QPSK Quadrature Phase Shif
